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<!--'''Indeks loma'''-->[[datoteka:Fénytörés.jpg|mini|desno|250px|[[Refrakcija]] ili [[lom svjetlosti]].]]
[[datoteka:Fénytörés.jpg|mini|desno|250px|[[Refrakcija]] ili [[lom svjetlosti]].]]


[[datoteka:Snells law2.svg|mini|desno|250px|[[Snelliusov zakon]] se odnosi na dobro poznatu pojavu [[Refrakcija|lomljenja svjetlosti]] (refrakcije) na granici dvaju sredstava.]]
[[datoteka:Snells law2.svg|mini|desno|250px|[[Snelliusov zakon]] se odnosi na dobro poznatu pojavu [[Refrakcija|lomljenja svjetlosti]] (refrakcije) na granici dvaju sredstava.]]
Redak 71: Redak 71:
|[[Etanol]] (alkohol) ||589,29||1,361||<ref name="ref1"/>
|[[Etanol]] (alkohol) ||589,29||1,361||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|-
|Silicijevo ulje|| ||1,336–1,582||<ref>{{cite web |title= Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Material |publisher= Gelest, Inc |date= 1998 |url= http://www.gelest.com/goods/pdf/siliconefluids.pdf |format= PDF }}</ref>
|Silicijevo ulje|| ||1,336–1,582||<ref>{{Citiranje weba |title= Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Material |publisher= Gelest, Inc |date= 1998 |url= http://www.gelest.com/goods/pdf/siliconefluids.pdf |format= PDF }}</ref>
|-
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|[[Voda]]||589,29||1,330||<ref name="ref1"/>
|[[Voda]]||589,29||1,330||<ref name="ref1"/>
Redak 83: Redak 83:
! colspan="4" | Krutine na sobnoj temperaturi
! colspan="4" | Krutine na sobnoj temperaturi
|-
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|[[Titanijev dioksid]] ([[rutil]])||589,29||2,614||<ref>{{cite web |last= Polyanskiy |first= Mikhail N. |title= Optical constants of TiO<sub>2</sub> (Titanium dioxide) |work= Refractive Index Database |url= http://refractiveindex.info/?group=CRYSTALS&material=TiO2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Shannon |first1= Robert D. |first2= Ruth C. |last2=Shannon |first3= Olaf |last3= Medenbach |first4= Reinhard X. |last4= Fischer |title= Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides |journal=  J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data |volume= 31 |issue= 4 |pages= 931–970 |publisher= American Institute of Physics |date= 25 Oct 2002 |url= http://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd623.pdf }}</ref>
|[[Titanijev dioksid]] ([[rutil]])||589,29||2,614||<ref>{{Citiranje weba |last= Polyanskiy |first= Mikhail N. |title= Optical constants of TiO<sub>2</sub> (Titanium dioxide) |work= Refractive Index Database |url= http://refractiveindex.info/?group=CRYSTALS&material=TiO2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Shannon |first1= Robert D. |first2= Ruth C. |last2=Shannon |first3= Olaf |last3= Medenbach |first4= Reinhard X. |last4= Fischer |title= Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides |journal=  J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data |volume= 31 |issue= 4 |pages= 931–970 |publisher= American Institute of Physics |date= 25 Oct 2002 |url= http://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd623.pdf }}</ref>
|-
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|[[Dijamant]]||589,29||2,419||<ref name="ref1"/>
|[[Dijamant]]||589,29||2,419||<ref name="ref1"/>
Redak 90: Redak 90:
|Silicijev karbid (moisanit)|| ||2,65–2,69||
|Silicijev karbid (moisanit)|| ||2,65–2,69||
|-
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|Stroncijev titanat||589,29||2,41||<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_and_electronic_structure_of_oxi.pdf|title = Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate|last = Frye|first = Asa|date = 2003|journal = Zeitschrift für Metallkunde|volume = 94|issue = 3|pages = 226|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.3139/146.030226|last2 = French|first2 = R. H.|last3 = Bonnell|first3 = D. A.}}</ref>
|Stroncijev titanat||589,29||2,41||<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_and_electronic_structure_of_oxi.pdf|title = Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate|last = Frye|first = Asa|date = 2003|journal = Zeitschrift für Metallkunde|volume = 94|issue = 3|pages = 226|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.3139/146.030226|last2 = French|first2 = R. H.|last3 = Bonnell|first3 = D. A.}}</ref>
|-
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|[[Jantar]]||589,29||1,55||<ref name="ref1"/>
|[[Jantar]]||589,29||1,55||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
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|Silicijevo [[staklo]] ||589,29||1,458||<ref name="ref1"/><ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_and_london_dispersion_interacti.pdf|title = Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry|last = Tan|first = G|date = 2005|journal = Physical Review B|volume = 72|issue = 20|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117|last2 = Lemon|first2 = M.|last3 = Jones|first3 = D.|last4 = French|first4 = R.|bibcode = 2005PhRvB..72t5117T }}</ref>
|Silicijevo [[staklo]] ||589,29||1,458||<ref name="ref1"/><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_and_london_dispersion_interacti.pdf|title = Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry|last = Tan|first = G|date = 2005|journal = Physical Review B|volume = 72|issue = 20|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117|last2 = Lemon|first2 = M.|last3 = Jones|first3 = D.|last4 = French|first4 = R.|bibcode = 2005PhRvB..72t5117T }}</ref>
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|Natrijev klorid||589,29||1,544||<ref name="ref8">{{Citiranje knjige |first= Raymond A. |last1=Serway |last2= Faughn |first2=Jerry S. |title= College Physics, 6th Edition |publisher= Brooks/Cole |page= 692 |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-03-035114-3}}</ref>
|Natrijev klorid||589,29||1,544||<ref name="ref8">{{Citiranje knjige |first= Raymond A. |last1=Serway |last2= Faughn |first2=Jerry S. |title= College Physics, 6th Edition |publisher= Brooks/Cole |page= 692 |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-03-035114-3}}</ref>
Redak 106: Redak 106:
|Vodeni [[led]]|| ||1,31||
|Vodeni [[led]]|| ||1,31||
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|TFE/PDD ([[Teflon]] AF)|| ||1,315|| <ref name="Teflon_AF">{{cite web|url=http://www2.dupont.com/Teflon_Industrial/en_US/products/product_by_name/teflon_af/properties.html |title=Teflon AF |accessdate=2010-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_of_teflon_r_af_amorphous_fluo.pdf|title = Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers|last = Yang|first = Min K.|date = July 2008|journal = Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography|volume = 7|issue = 3|pages = 033010|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1117/1.2965541}}</ref>
|TFE/PDD ([[Teflon]] AF)|| ||1,315|| <ref name="Teflon_AF">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www2.dupont.com/Teflon_Industrial/en_US/products/product_by_name/teflon_af/properties.html |title=Teflon AF |accessdate=2010-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_of_teflon_r_af_amorphous_fluo.pdf|title = Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers|last = Yang|first = Min K.|date = July 2008|journal = Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography|volume = 7|issue = 3|pages = 033010|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1117/1.2965541}}</ref>
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|Kriolit|| ||1,338||
|Kriolit|| ||1,338||
Redak 114: Redak 114:
|[[Etanol]]|| ||1.36||
|[[Etanol]]|| ||1.36||
|-
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|[[Politetrafluoretilen]] (teflon)|| ||1,35–1,38||<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_of_materials_for_concentrator_p.pdf|title = Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems|last = French|first = Roger H.|date = 2009|journal = IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference|pages = 000394|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657|last2 = Rodriguez-Parada|first2 = J. M.|last3 = Yang|first3 = M. K.|last4 = Derryberry|first4 = R. A.|last5 = Lemon|first5 = M. F.|last6 = Brown|first6 = M. J.|last7 = Haeger|first7 = C. R.|last8 = Samuels|first8 = S. L.|last9 = Romano|first9 = E. C.|last10 = Richardson|first10 = R. E.|isbn = 978-1-4244-2949-3 |display-authors=3}}</ref>
|[[Politetrafluoretilen]] (teflon)|| ||1,35–1,38||<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_of_materials_for_concentrator_p.pdf|title = Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems|last = French|first = Roger H.|date = 2009|journal = IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference|pages = 000394|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657|last2 = Rodriguez-Parada|first2 = J. M.|last3 = Yang|first3 = M. K.|last4 = Derryberry|first4 = R. A.|last5 = Lemon|first5 = M. F.|last6 = Brown|first6 = M. J.|last7 = Haeger|first7 = C. R.|last8 = Samuels|first8 = S. L.|last9 = Romano|first9 = E. C.|last10 = Richardson|first10 = R. E.|isbn = 978-1-4244-2949-3 |display-authors=3}}</ref>
|-
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| Otopina [[šećer]]a, 25%|| ||1.3723||<ref name="refSugar">{{cite web|url=http://www.frederiksen.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Export_Manuals/545920_AE_sugarsolution.pdf |title=Manual for Sugar Solution Prism |accessdate=2012-03-21 |date= 03.08.05 |publisher= A/S S. Frederiksen}}</ref>
| Otopina [[šećer]]a, 25%|| ||1.3723||<ref name="refSugar">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.frederiksen.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Export_Manuals/545920_AE_sugarsolution.pdf |title=Manual for Sugar Solution Prism |accessdate=2012-03-21 |date= 03.08.05 |publisher= A/S S. Frederiksen}}</ref>
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|[[Rožnica]] (ljudska)|| ||1,373/1,380/1,401 || <ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Patel |first1= S |last2= Marshall |first2= J |last3=Fitzke |first3= FW 3rd. |title= Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma |journal= J Refract Surg. |volume= 11 |issue= 2 |pages= 100–105 |date= Mar–Apr 1995 |pmid= 7634138 }}</ref>
|[[Rožnica]] (ljudska)|| ||1,373/1,380/1,401 || <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa |last1= Patel |first1= S |last2= Marshall |first2= J |last3=Fitzke |first3= FW 3rd. |title= Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma |journal= J Refract Surg. |volume= 11 |issue= 2 |pages= 100–105 |date= Mar–Apr 1995 |pmid= 7634138 }}</ref>
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|[[Leća (oko)|Leća]] (ljudska)|| ||1,386–1,406||
|[[Leća (oko)|Leća]] (ljudska)|| ||1,386–1,406||
Redak 126: Redak 126:
| Otopina [[šećer]]a, 50%|| ||1,4200||<ref name="refSugar"/>
| Otopina [[šećer]]a, 50%|| ||1,4200||<ref name="refSugar"/>
|-
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|Pyrex (borosilikatno staklo)|| ||1,470||<ref name="ref2">{{cite web |url=http://www.matter.org.uk/schools/Content/Refraction/absolute.html |title=Absolute Refractive Index |work=Materials Teaching Educational Resources |publisher=MATTER Project |accessdate=2007-10-18 |author=University of Liverpool |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012161040/http://matter.org.uk/schools/Content/Refraction/absolute.html |archivedate=12. listopada 2007. }}</ref>
|Pyrex (borosilikatno staklo)|| ||1,470||<ref name="ref2">{{Citiranje weba |url=http://www.matter.org.uk/schools/Content/Refraction/absolute.html |title=Absolute Refractive Index |work=Materials Teaching Educational Resources |publisher=MATTER Project |accessdate=2007-10-18 |author=University of Liverpool |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012161040/http://matter.org.uk/schools/Content/Refraction/absolute.html |archivedate=12. listopada 2007. }}</ref>
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|[[Glicerol]]|| ||1,4729||
|[[Glicerol]]|| ||1,4729||
Redak 150: Redak 150:
|[[Safir]]|| ||1,762–1,778||
|[[Safir]]|| ||1,762–1,778||
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|Borov nitrid || ||2-2,14||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bn.saint-gobain.com/uploadedFiles/SGbn/Documents/Solids/Combat-Solids-DS1.pdf |title=Combat Boron Nitride |publisher=Saint Gobain |accessdate=2016-06-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218230636/http://www.bn.saint-gobain.com/uploadedFiles/SGbn/Documents/Solids/Combat-Solids-DS1.pdf |archivedate=18. veljače 2015. }}</ref>
|Borov nitrid || ||2-2,14||<ref>{{Citiranje weba |url=http://www.bn.saint-gobain.com/uploadedFiles/SGbn/Documents/Solids/Combat-Solids-DS1.pdf |title=Combat Boron Nitride |publisher=Saint Gobain |accessdate=2016-06-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218230636/http://www.bn.saint-gobain.com/uploadedFiles/SGbn/Documents/Solids/Combat-Solids-DS1.pdf |archivedate=18. veljače 2015. }}</ref>
|-
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| [[Cirkonij]]ev dioksid || ||2,15–2,18||<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/experimental_and_theoretical_determination_of_the_0.pdf|title = Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2}|last = French|first = Roger H.|date = 1994|journal = Physical Review B|volume = 49|issue = 8|pages = 5133|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133|last2 = Glass|first2 = S.|last3 = Ohuchi|first3 = F.|last4 = Xu|first4 = Y.|last5 = Ching|first5 = W. |display-authors=3|bibcode = 1994PhRvB..49.5133F }}</ref>
| [[Cirkonij]]ev dioksid || ||2,15–2,18||<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/experimental_and_theoretical_determination_of_the_0.pdf|title = Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2}|last = French|first = Roger H.|date = 1994|journal = Physical Review B|volume = 49|issue = 8|pages = 5133|accessdate = 11 July 2014|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133|last2 = Glass|first2 = S.|last3 = Ohuchi|first3 = F.|last4 = Xu|first4 = Y.|last5 = Ching|first5 = W. |display-authors=3|bibcode = 1994PhRvB..49.5133F }}</ref>
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|Kalijev niobate (KNbO<sub>3</sub>)|| ||2,28||
|Kalijev niobate (KNbO<sub>3</sub>)|| ||2,28||
Redak 160: Redak 160:
|[[Cinabarit]] ([[živa|živin]] sulfid)|| ||3,02||
|[[Cinabarit]] ([[živa|živin]] sulfid)|| ||3,02||
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|[[Silicij]] ||1200 - 8500 ||3,42–3,48||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pmoptics.com/silicon.html |title=Silicon |publisher=Pmoptics.com |accessdate=2014-08-21}}</ref>
|[[Silicij]] ||1200 - 8500 ||3,42–3,48||<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.pmoptics.com/silicon.html |title=Silicon |publisher=Pmoptics.com |accessdate=2014-08-21}}</ref>
|-
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|Galij(III) fosfid|| ||3,5||
|Galij(III) fosfid|| ||3,5||
Redak 166: Redak 166:
|Galij(III) arsenid|| ||3,927||  
|Galij(III) arsenid|| ||3,927||  
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|[[Germanij]]||3000 - 16000 ||4,05–4,01||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pmoptics.com/germanium.html |title=Germanium |publisher=Pmoptics.com |accessdate=2014-08-21}}</ref>
|[[Germanij]]||3000 - 16000 ||4,05–4,01||<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.pmoptics.com/germanium.html |title=Germanium |publisher=Pmoptics.com |accessdate=2014-08-21}}</ref>
|}
|}


Redak 173: Redak 173:


== Vanjske poveznice ==
== Vanjske poveznice ==
{{Commonscat|Refraction}}
 




[[Kategorija:Optika]]
[[Kategorija:Optika]]

Posljednja izmjena od 8. ožujak 2022. u 07:57

Datoteka:Fénytörés.jpg
Refrakcija ili lom svjetlosti.
Snelliusov zakon se odnosi na dobro poznatu pojavu lomljenja svjetlosti (refrakcije) na granici dvaju sredstava.
Datoteka:Totalna refleksija 1.pdf
Totalna refleksija nastaje kada zrake svjetlosti koje se šire iz optički gušćeg u optički rjeđe sredstvo padaju na granicu tih sredstava pod kutom većim od nekoga graničnoga kuta.

Indeks loma (oznaka n) je bezdimenzionalna fizikalna veličina koja opisuje međudjelovanje svjetlosti i optički prozirne tvari, a definirana je kao omjer brzine svjetlosti u vakuumu c i brzine svjetlosti u tvari v:

Posljedica je promjene brzine svjetlosti promjena pravca njezina širenja pri prelasku iz jednoga optičkog sredstva u drugo. Što je indeks loma veći, veća je promjena pravca, odnosno veći je lom svjetlosti (refrakcija). Indeks loma može se s pomoću Snelliusova zakona odrediti iz geometrijskih odnosa kutova zraka svjetlosti prema površini sredstva u kojem dolazi do loma:

gdje je: θ1 - upadni kut prema okomici na površinu sredstva, θ1 - kut loma, n1 - indeks loma optičkoga sredstva iz kojega svjetlost dolazi, a n2 - indeks loma optičkoga sredstva u koje svjetlost ulazi. Često se rabi relativni indeks loma, koji je jednak omjeru indeksa loma dvaju sredstava:

Svjetlost se u nekoj tvari širi brzinom:

gdje je: εr - relativna dielektrična permitivnost tvari, a μr - relativna magnetska permeabilnost. Kako za relativnu magnetsku permeabilnost u optički prozirnom sredstvu vrijedi μr ≈ 1, proizlazi da indeks loma ovisi samo o relativnoj dielektričnoj permitivnosti:

Međutim, za mnoge tvari dolazi do odstupanja od toga izraza, zbog postojanja električnih dipola u dielektricima i ovisnosti relativne dielektrične permitivnosti o frekvenciji svjetlosti. [1]

Indeks loma materijala je broj koji pokazuje koliko puta je brzina svjetlosti u nekoj sredini manja od brzine u vakuumu. Lom je najočiglednija manifestacija promjene brzine svjetlosti elektromagnetnog zračenja pri prelasku iz jedne sredine u drugu.

Indeks loma zavisi od frekvencije svjetlosti što se eksperimentalno pokazuje u pojavi spektra kada se zrak polikromatske (bijele) svjetlosti propusti kroz prizmu.

Indeks loma je važna osobina materijala i mjeri se pomoću refraktometra.

Indeks loma nekih materijala

Brzina svjetlosti je u vakuumu c = 300 000 km/s, a brzina svjetlosti u vodi c2 = 3/4 c, pa je indeks loma za vodu:

Brzina svjetlosti u staklu je približno 2/3 brzine svjetlosti u vakuumu, pa je indeks loma za staklo 3/2 = 1,5. Indeks loma za led je 1,31, za kvarcno staklo od 1,7 do 1,9, za krunsko staklo 1,51. Što je indeks loma neke tvari veći, to se svjetlost u toj tvari jače lomi. Kad zraka svjetlosti prelazi iz vakuuma u bilo koje prozirno sredstvo, ona se lomi prema okomici. Svjetlost ima najveću brzinu u vakuumu, a manju u svim drugim prozirnim sredstvima. [2]

Indeks loma nekih materijala
Materijal λ (nm) n Ref.
Vakuum 1 (po definiciji)
Zrak kod standardnih uvjeta 1,000277
Plinovi kod 0 °C i 1 atm
Zemljina atmosfera 589,29 1,000293 [3]
Ugljikov dioksid 589,29 1,001 [4][5][6]
Helij 58,.29 1,000036 [3]
Vodik 589,29 1,000132 [3]
Tekućine kod 20 °C
Arsenijev trisulfid i sumpor u metilenovom jodidu 1,9 [7]
Benzen 589,29 1,501 [3]
Ugljikov disulfid 589,29 1,628 [3]
Ugljikov tetraklorid 589,29 1,461 [3]
Etanol (alkohol) 589,29 1,361 [3]
Silicijevo ulje 1,336–1,582 [8]
Voda 589,29 1,330 [3]
10% otopina glukoze u vodi 589,29 1,3477 [9]
20% otopina glukoze u vodi 589,29 1,3635 [9]
60% otopina glukoze u vodi 589,29 1,4394 [9]
Krutine na sobnoj temperaturi
Titanijev dioksid (rutil) 589,29 2,614 [10][11]
Dijamant 589,29 2,419 [3]
Silicijev karbid (moisanit) 2,65–2,69
Stroncijev titanat 589,29 2,41 [12]
Jantar 589,29 1,55 [3]
Silicijevo staklo 589,29 1,458 [3][13]
Natrijev klorid 589,29 1,544 [14]
Ostali materijali
Ukapljeni helij 1,025
Vodeni led 1,31
TFE/PDD (Teflon AF) 1,315 [15][16]
Kriolit 1,338
Aceton 1,36
Etanol 1.36
Politetrafluoretilen (teflon) 1,35–1,38 [17]
Otopina šećera, 25% 1.3723 [18]
Rožnica (ljudska) 1,373/1,380/1,401 [19]
Leća (ljudska) 1,386–1,406
Kerozin 1,39
Otopina šećera, 50% 1,4200 [18]
Pyrex (borosilikatno staklo) 1,470 [20]
Glicerol 1,4729
Otopina šećera, 75% 1,4774 [18]
Akrilno staklo 1,490–1,492
Krunsko staklo (čisto)] 1,50–1,54
Halit (kamena sol) 1,516
Polietilentereftalat (PET) 1,5750
Polikarbonati 1,60
Flintsko staklo (čisto) 1,60–1,62
Brom 1,661
Flintsko staklo (nečisto) 1,523–1,925
Safir 1,762–1,778
Borov nitrid 2-2,14 [21]
Cirkonijev dioksid 2,15–2,18 [22]
Kalijev niobate (KNbO3) 2,28
Cinkov oksid 390 2,4
Cinabarit (živin sulfid) 3,02
Silicij 1200 - 8500 3,42–3,48 [23]
Galij(III) fosfid 3,5
Galij(III) arsenid 3,927
Germanij 3000 - 16000 4,05–4,01 [24]

Izvori

  1. ↑ indeks loma, [1] "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.
  2. ↑ Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.
  3. ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10
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  4. ↑
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  5. ↑
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  6. ↑
    • Nepoznat parametar: first2
    • Nepoznat parametar: last3
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  7. ↑ Meyrowitz, R, A compilation and classification of immersion media of high index of refraction, American Mineralogist 40: 398 (1955)
  8. ↑ (1998). Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Material ID: silicone_fluids_stable_and_inert_material.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2
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  10. ↑ Polyanskiy, Mikhail N.. Optical constants of TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) ID: polyanskiy-optical_constants_of_tio_sub_2_sub_titanium_dioxide.
  11. ↑ (25 Oct 2002). Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 31(4), 931–970 ID: refractive_index_and_dispersion_of_fluorides_and_oxides.
  12. ↑ Frye, Asa (2003). Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate, Zeitschrift für Metallkunde, 94(3), 226 DOI: 10.3139/146.030226.
  13. ↑ Tan, G (2005). Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, Physical Review B, 72(20) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117.
  14. ↑
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  15. ↑ . Teflon AF ID: teflon_af.
  16. ↑ Yang, Min K. (July 2008). Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers, Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography, 7(3), 033010 DOI: 10.1117/1.2965541.
  17. ↑ French, Roger H. (2009). Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 000394 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 (03.08.05). Manual for Sugar Solution Prism ID: manual_for_sugar_solution_prism.
  19. ↑ (Mar–Apr 1995). Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma, J Refract Surg., 11(2), 100–105 PMID 7634138.
  20. ↑ University of Liverpool. Absolute Refractive Index ID: university_of_liverpool-absolute_refractive_index.
  21. ↑ . Combat Boron Nitride ID: combat_boron_nitride.
  22. ↑ French, Roger H. (1994). Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2}, Physical Review B, 49(8), 5133 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133.
  23. ↑ . Silicon ID: silicon.
  24. ↑ . Germanium ID: germanium.

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