Evolucijska psihologija

Evolucijska psihologija (EP) pristup je u društvenim i prirodnim znanostima koja proučava psihološke crte poput pamćenja, percepcije i jezika iz moderne evolucijske perspektive. Pokušava identificirati koje su čovječje psihološke crte evoluirane adaptacije – tj. funkcionalni produkti prirodne selekcije ili spolne selekcije. Adaptacionističko razmišljanje o fiziološkim mehanizmima poput srca, pluća i imunosnog sustava uobičajeno je u evolucijskoj biologiji. Neki evolucijski psiholozi primjenjuju isto razmišljanje u psihologiji tvrdeći da um ima modularnu strukturu sličnu onoj tjelesnoj, a različite modularne adaptacije služe različitim funkcijama. Evolucijski psiholozi tvrde da je velik dio čovječjeg ponašanja proizvod psiholoških adaptacija koje su evoluirale radi rješavanja rekurentnih problema u okolišima čovjekovih predaka.^[1]

Adaptacionistički se pristup postojano povećava kao utjecaj u općem polju psihologije.^[2]

Evolucijski psiholozi predlažu da EP nije samo subdisciplina psihologije, već da evolucijska teorija može pružiti osnivački, metateorijski radni okvir koji integrira čitavo polje psihologije na isti način kao što čini u biologiji.^[3]^[4]

Evolucijski psiholozi drže da su ponašanja ili crte koje se javljaju univerzalno u svim kulturama dobri kandidati za evolucijske adaptacije^[2] uključujući sposobnosti zaključivanja o tuđim emocijama, razlikovanja rodbine od nerodbine, identificiranja i preferiranja zdravijih partnera i suradnje s drugima. Dosad su izvijestili o uspješnim testovima teorijskih predviđanja povezanih s temama poput infanticida, inteligencije, bračnih uzoraka, promiskuiteta, percepcije ljepote, cijene nevjeste i roditeljske investicije.^[5]

Teorije i pronalasci EP-a imaju primjene u mnogim poljima uključujući ekonomiju, okoliš, zdravlje, pravo, menadžment, psihijatirju, politiku i književnost.^[6]^[7]

Kontroverzije o EP-u uključuje pitanja o provjerljivosti, kognitivnim i evolucijskim pretpostavkama (poput modularna funkcioniranja mozga i velike nesigurnosti o ancestralnom okolišu), važnosti negenskih i neadaptivnih objašnjenja, pa i politička i etička pitanja zbog interpretacija rezultata istraživanja.^[8]

Više informacija

Područja
Psihologija
Kognitivna
Razvojna
Klinička
Emocija
Percepcija
Ličnost
Vlastito ja
Socijalna
Primijenjena psihologija
Pristupi
Bihevioralni
Biološki
Kognitivni
Evolucijski
Humanistički
Psihodinamički
Transpersonalni

Bilješke

↑ Confer et al. 2010; Buss, 2005; Durrant & Ellis, 2003; Pinker, 2002; Tooby & Cosmides, 2005
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Schacter et al. 2007, str. 26–27
↑ Duntley i Buss 2008
↑ Carmen, R. A., et al. (2013). Evolution Integrated Across All Islands of the Human Behavioral Archipelago: All Psychology as Evolutionary Psychology. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 5, pp. 108–26. ISSN 1944-1932 PDF
↑ "Despite this difficulty, there have been many careful and informative studies of human social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Infanticide, intelligence, marriage patterns, promiscuity, perception of beauty, bride price, altruism, and the allocation of parental care have all been explored by testing predictions derived from the idea that conscious and unconscious behaviours have evolved to maximize inclusive fitness. The findings have been impressive." "social behaviour, animal." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 23. siječnja 2011. [1].
↑ The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Edited by Robin Dunbar and Louise Barret, Oxford University Press, 2007
↑ The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David M. Buss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005
↑ Rose, Hilary (2000). Alas, Poor Darwin : Arguments Against Evolutionary Psychology. Harmony; 1 Amer ed edition (10. listopada 2000.). ISBN 0-609-60513-5. http://www.amazon.com/Alas-Poor-Darwin-Evolutionary-Psychology/dp/0609605135

Referencije

Barkow, Jerome H. (2006). Missing the Revolution: Darwinism for Social Scientists. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-513002-2
Barkow, J., Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. 1992. The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Buss, D. M.; Barnes, M. (1986). "Preferences in human mate selection" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (3): 559–70. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.559. http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/pdffiles/prefs_mate_selection_1986_jpsp.pdf
Buss, D. M. (1988). "From vigilance to violence: Tactics of mate retention in American undergraduates" (PDF). Ethology and Sociobiology 9 (5): 291–317. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(88)90010-6. http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/pdffiles/Vigilance_to_Violence_1988.pdf
Buss, D. M. (1989). "Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12: 1–49. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00023992. http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/pdffiles/SexDifferencesinHuman.PDF
Buss, D. M.; Larsen, R. J.; Westen, D.; Semmelroth, J. (1992). "Sex differences in jealousy: Evolution, physiology, and psychology". Psychological Science 3 (4): 251–55. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00038.x. http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/pdffiles/SexDifferencesinJealousy.PDF
Buss, D. M. (1994). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York: Basic Books.
Buss, David M. (2004). Evolutionary psychology: the new science of the mind. Boston: Pearson/A and B. ISBN 0-205-37071-3
Buss, David M.; Haselton, Martie G.; Shackelford, Todd K.; Bleske, April L.; Wakefield, Jerome C. (1998). "Adaptations, Exaptations, and Spandrels". American Psychologist 53 (5): 533–48. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.5.533. PMID 9612136. http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/comm/haselton/webdocs/spandrels.html Pristupljeno 29. kolovoza 2011.
Clarke, Murray (2004). Reconstructing reason and representation. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-03322-4
Confer, Easton, Fleischman, Goetz, Lewis, Perilloux & Buss Evolutionary Psychology, American Psychologist, 2010.
Duntley, J.D.; Buss, D.M. (2008). "Evolutionary psychology is a metatheory for psychology" (PDF). Psychological Inquiry 19: 30–34. doi:10.1080/10478400701774105. http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/pdffiles/duntleybuss2008.pdf
Durrant, R., & Ellis, B.J. (2003). Evolutionary Psychology. In M. Gallagher & R.J. Nelson (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychology, Volume Three: Biological Psychology (pp. 1–33). New York: Wiley & Sons.
Evan, Dylan (2000). Introducing Evolutionary Psychology. Lanham, MD: Totem Books USA. ISBN 1-84046-043-1
Fruehwald, Edwin Scott, Law and Human Behavior: A Study in Behavioral Biology, Neuroscience, and The Law (Vandeplas 2011). ISBN 978-1-60042-144-0
Gaulin, Steven J. C. and Donald H. McBurney. Evolutionary psychology. Prentice Hall. 2003. ISBN 978-0-13-111529-3
Joyce, Richard (2006). The Evolution of Morality (Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology). Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-10112-2
Miller, Geoffrey P. (2000). The mating mind: how sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-49516-1
Nesse, R.M. (2000). Tingergen's Four Questions Organized.
Nesse, R; Williams, George C. (1996). Why We Get Sick. NY: Vintage
Pinker, Steven (1997). How the mind works. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-04535-8
Pinker, Steven (2002). The blank slate: the modern denial of human nature. New York, N.Y: Viking. ISBN 0-670-03151-8
Richards, Janet C. (2000). Human nature after Darwin: a philosophical introduction. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-21243-X
Ryan, C. & Jethá, C. (2010). Sex at Dawn: The Prehistoric Origins of Modern Sexuality. New York, NY: Harper. ISBN 0-06-170780-5
Santrock, John W. (2005). The Topical Approach to Life-Span Development(3rd ed.). New York, N.Y: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-322626-2
Schacter, Daniel L, Daniel Wegner and Daniel Gilbert. 2007. Psychology. Worth Publishers. ISBN 0-7167-5215-8 ISBN 9780716752158.
Schmitt, D. P.; Buss, D. M. (2001). "Human mate poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing relationships" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (6): 894–917. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.894. PMID 11414373. http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/pdffiles/Human_Mate_Poaching_2001.pdf
Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (2005). Conceptual foundations of evolutionary psychology. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (pp. 5–67). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Full text
Wilson, Edward Osborne ("E. O.") (1975). Sociobiology: the new synthesis. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674816218
Wright, Robert C. M. (1995). The moral animal: evolutionary psychology and everyday life. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-76399-6

Vanjske poveznice

[1] Confer et al. 2010; Buss, 2005; Durrant & Ellis, 2003; Pinker, 2002; Tooby & Cosmides, 2005

[Psychology-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Schacter et al. 2007, str. 26–27

[3] Duntley i Buss 2008

[4] Carmen, R. A., et al. (2013). Evolution Integrated Across All Islands of the Human Behavioral Archipelago: All Psychology as Evolutionary Psychology. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 5, pp. 108–26. ISSN 1944-1932 PDF

[social-behavior-5] "Despite this difficulty, there have been many careful and informative studies of human social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Infanticide, intelligence, marriage patterns, promiscuity, perception of beauty, bride price, altruism, and the allocation of parental care have all been explored by testing predictions derived from the idea that conscious and unconscious behaviours have evolved to maximize inclusive fitness. The findings have been impressive." "social behaviour, animal." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 23. siječnja 2011. [1].

[Oxford2007-6] The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Edited by Robin Dunbar and Louise Barret, Oxford University Press, 2007

[7] The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David M. Buss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005

[8] Rose, Hilary (2000). Alas, Poor Darwin : Arguments Against Evolutionary Psychology. Harmony; 1 Amer ed edition (10. listopada 2000.). ISBN 0-609-60513-5. http://www.amazon.com/Alas-Poor-Darwin-Evolutionary-Psychology/dp/0609605135

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]