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William Lane Craig

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William Lane Craig
William Lane Craig
Suvremena filozofija
Rođenje 23 kolovoza 1949., Peoria, Illinois, SAD
Škola/tradicija Kršćanska apologetika
Glavni interesi Filozofija religije, Prirodna teologija, Filozofija vremena, Kršćanska apologetika, Sistematska teologija, Apolinarizam, Reformatorska epistomologija, Kartezijanski dualizam, Metafizički libertarijanizam
Poznate ideje kozmološki argument Kalām
Utjecaji Norman Geisler
Utjecao na Alvin Plantinga, Bill Bright, Richard Swinburne, E.J. Carnell, Wolfhart Pannenberg
Portal o životopisima

William Lane Craig (Peoria, 23. kolovoza 1949) je američki analitički filozof,[1] kršćanski teolog, apologet i autor.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'. Profesor filozofije na Baptističkom sveučilištu u Hustonu i istraživač na polju filozofije Škole teologije Talbot na Sveučilištu Bioli.[2] Craig je aktualizirao i modernizirao kozmološki argument Kalām o postojanju Boga.[3][4][5][6]Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'. Također je objavljivao knjige i znanstvene radove u kojima zastupa povijesnu mogućnost Isusovog uskrsnuća.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'. Craigovo proučavanje božanskog aseiteta i platonizma kulminiralo je izdavanjem knjige Bog iznad svega.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.[7]

Djetinjstvo i školovanje

Craig je rođen u gradiću Peoriji, u američkoj saveznoj državi Illinois, kao drugo od troje djece Malloryja i Doris Craig.[8][9] Dok je pohađao srednju školu (1963. – 1967.),[10] Craig se natjecao u školskim debatama te je pobijedio u državnom natjecanju iz govorništva.[11][3] Iako je odrastao u nereligioznoj obitelji, u rujnu 1965. godine postao je kršćanin evangelist,[12][13][14] da bi nakon završetka srednješkolskog školovanja upisao protestantski Wheaton College, gdje je studirao govorništvo i komunikologiju. Craig stječe status prvostupnika 1971. godine, a godinu kasnije vjenčao se sa svojom suprugom Jan koju je upoznao u studentskoj kršćanskoj organizaciji Campus Crusade for Christ. William i Jan imaju dvoje odrasle djece i žive u predgrađu Atlante i američkoj saveznoj državi Georgiji.[15] Godine 2014. njegovo bivše sveučilište Wheaton proglasilo ga je alumnom godine.[16]

Godine 1973. Craig je upisao filozofiju religije na Trinity Evangelical Divinity Schoolu u Chicagu, gdje je studirao kod profesora Normana Geislera.[17][18][3] Godine 1975. Craig upisuje doktorski studij filozofije na Sveučiištu u Birminghamu u Engleskoj,[19] gdje se bavio kozmološkim argumentom pod mentortvom profesora Johna Hicka.[20] Doktorirao je 1977. godine.[21] Iz njegove doktorske disertacije 1979. godine proizašla je njegova prva knjiga, kozmološki argument Kalām (eng. The Kalām Cosmological Argument), filozofska obrana tog argumenta s kojim se prvi put susreo u radovima Stuarta T. Hacketta. Craig je 1978. godine dobio stipendiju za postdoktorat od Fondacije Alexander von Humboldt [22] da nastavi istraživanje na temu povijesnog saznanja o Isusovom uskrsnuću pod vodstvom profesora Wolfharta Pannenberga sa Sveučilištu Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München u Münhenu u Njemačkoj.[23] Njegov rad u Münhenu, pod Pannenbergovim vodstvom doveo je do njegovog drugog doktorata, ovaj put iz teologije,[16] kojeg je dobio 1984. nakon čega je 1985. godine njegova doktorska disertacija objavljena kao knjiga pod nazivom Povijesni dokazi teze o Isusovom uskrsnuću za vrijeme deističke kontroverze (eng. The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus During the Deist Controversy).[24][25]

Karijera

Craig se pridružio školi Trinity Evangelical Divinity School u 1980. godini, gdje je predavao filozofiju religije do 1986.[26] 1982. je dobio pozivnicu za debatu sa Kai Nielsenom na sveučilištu u Calgariju na temu pitanja postojanja Boga.[27] Ohrabren prijemom od strane publike, ali i kolega, Craig je nastavio voditi formalne debate na temu postojanja Boga (i na srodne teme kao što je historicitet Isusovog uskrsnuća) sa mnogim uvaženim protivnicima kao što su Sam Harris, Christopher Hitchens, Lawrence M. Krauss,[3] Lewis Wolpert, Antony Flew, Sean Carroll, Sir Roger Penrose, Peter Atkins, Bart Ehrman, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Paul Draper, Gerd Lüdemann i A. C. Grayling.[28][29]

Nakon jednogodišnjeg angažmana na koledžu Westmont u predgrađu Sante Barbare, Craig se 1987., zajedno sa suprugom i dvoje male djece preselio natrag u Europu, gdje je djelovao kao gostujući predavač na Katoličkom sveučilištu Leuven (Louvain) u Belgiji sve do 1994. godine.[30] U isto vrijeme, Craig se priključio odjelu za filozofiju i etiku u teološkoj školi Talbot u predgrađu Los Angelesa na poziciji profesora istraživača, poziciji koju i danas drži,[12][2][31] ali je istovremeno postao i profesor filozofije na Baptističkom sveučilištu u Hustonu gdje predaje od 2014. godine. U 2016., Craig je proglašen alumnijem godine od strane škole Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.[32] Sveučilište Biola je 2017. godine na fakultetu otvorilo trajnu poziciju i uspostavilo katedru filozofije koja nosi njegovo ime, u čast Craigovim akademskim dosezima.

Filozofski i teološki stavovi

Kozmološki argument Kalām

Craig je dosta pisao i govorio u obranu verzije kozmološkog argumenta Kalām. ↓a[33] Iako je Kalām proizašao iz srednjovjekovne islamske filozofije, Craig mu je, kako bi ga ojačao, u njegovu obranu dodao i poveznice prema suvremenim znanstvenim i filozofskim idejama.[3] Njegov rad na Kalāmu rezultirao je povećanjem suvremenog interesa kako za Kalām, tako i općenito za kozmološke argumente.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.

Craig u silogističkoj formi formulira svoju verziju argumenta na sljedeći način:

  1. Sve što počinje postojati ima uzrok svojeg postojanja. ↓b
  2. Univerzum je počeo postojati.
  3. Prema tome, univerzum ima uzrok svog postojanja."Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.

Craigova obrana argumenta Kalām uglavnom se fokusira na drugu premisu,Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.[34] gdje iznosi nekoliko argumenata koji je podržavaju. Na primjer, Craig koristi Hilbertov paradoks Grand Hotela sa beskonačnim brojem soba kao ilustraciju svojoj tvrdnji da su stvarno beskonačni skupovi nemogući, na osnovu čega zaključuje da je prošlo vrijeme konačno i nužno ima početak. Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'. U drugoj liniji argumentacije, Craig tvrdi su da nizovi događaja u vremenu stvoreni od strane procesa u kojem se svaki trenutak slijedno dodaje povijesti. Prema Craigu, ovaj proces nikad ne može stvoriti stvarno beskonačni skup događanja, već umjesto toga stvara samo potencijalno beskonačni skup događanja. Na ovoj osnovi Craig tvrdi da je prošlost konačna i da ima početak.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.

Craig također koristi razne fizikalne teorije u obranu druge premise, kao što su standardni Big Bang model nastanka Svemira i određene implikacije drugog zakona termodinamike.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.[3]Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.

U zaključku Kalām argumenta stoji da univerzum ima uzrok postojanja i na tome se Kalām zaustavlja. Međutim, Craig nastavlja svoju argumentaciju iznoseći tvrdnju da taj uzrok mora biti osoba.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'. Prvo, Craig kaže da je uzrok svemira izvan vremena, budući da je isti uzrok po njemu nužno prouzrokovao i početak samog vremena. Onda nastavlja tvrdnjom da uzroci koji su izvan vremena imaju vječne učinke jedino ako nisu osobe. Nakon toga zaključuje da ako smo spremni prihvatiti drugu premisu argumenta Kalām koja tvrdi da svemir ima početak tj. da svemir nije vječan, da njegov uzrok mora biti osoba.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.

Bilješke

  • ↑a  Craigova vlastita verzija argumenta Kalām je sažeta 1. 'Sve što počinje postojati ima uzrok postojanju.' 2. 'Svemir je počeo postojati jer je temporalni regresivni niz konačan.' 3. 'Stoga, svemir ima uzrok postojanja.' Prateći primjer Ghazalija, islamskog filozofa koji je prvi postulirao ovaj argument, Craig dalje tvrdi da taj uzrok mora imati karakter osobe sa slobodnom voljom. Za njega ništa osim takvog neosnovanog izbora slobodnog aktera ne može objasniti činjenicu da je svemir stvoren u nekom određenom trenutku, a ne u nekom drugom ili (ako je vrijeme kao takvo započelo sa prvim događajem) činjenicu da prvi događaj nije imao prethodnika.Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.
  • ↑b  U svojem kasnijem radu, Craig preferira korištenje alternativne, više specifične verzije prve premise, ili kako on sam kaže: "Dovoljno je reći da ja sada preferiram preformulirati prvu premisu na način: 'Ako je svemir počeo postojati, onda svemir ima uzrok svog postojanja.'Lua error in Modul:Footnotes at line 38: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.

Bibliografija

  • The Kalām Cosmological Argument, London: MacMillan, 1979, ISBN 9781579104382
  • The Cosmological Argument from Plato to Leibniz, London: MacMillan, 1980, ISBN 9781579107871
  • The Son Rises: Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus, Chicago: Moody Press, 1981, ISBN 9781579104641
  • Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism: Omniscience, Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1991, ISBN 9789004092501
  • Apologetics: An Introduction, Chicago: Moody Press, 1984, ISBN 9780802404053
  • The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus during the Deist Controversy, Toronto: Edwin Mellen, 1985, ISBN 9780889468115
  • The Only Wise God: The Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom, Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse, 1987, ISBN 9781579103163
  • The Problem of Divine Foreknowledge and Future Contingents from Aristotle to Suarez, Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1988, ISBN 9789004085169
  • Knowing the Truth About the Resurrection, Ann Arbor: Servant Books, 1988, ISBN 9780892833849
  • Assessing the New Testament Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus, Studies in the Bible and early Christianity 16, Toronto: Edwin Mellen Press, 1989, ISBN 9780889466166
  • Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism I: Omniscience, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990, ISBN 9789004092501
  • No Easy Answers. Chicago: Moody Press, 1990, ISBN 9780802422835
  • Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism: Omniscience, Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1991, ISBN 9789004092501
  • Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology (koautor: Quentin Smith), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, ISBN 9780198263838
  • Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics, Wheaton: Crossway Books, 1994, ISBN 9780891077640
  • Will the Real Jesus Please Stand Up? A Debate Between William Lane Craig and John Dominic Crossan (koautori: William F. Buckley i Paul Copan), Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse, 1998, ISBN 9780801021756
  • God, Are You There?, Atlanta: RZIM, 1999, ISBN 9781930107007
  • Jesus' Resurrection: Fact Or Figment?: A Debate Between William Lane Craig & Gerd Lüdemann (koautori: Paul Copan i Ronald K. Tacelli), Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2000, ISBN 9780830815692
  • Naturalism: A Critical Analysis (više autora), London; New York: Routledge, 2000, ISBN 9780415235242
  • The Tensed Theory of Time: A Critical Examination, Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, ISBN 9780792366348
  • God, Time, and Eternity: The Coherence of Theism II: Eternity, Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, ISBN 9781402000119
  • Time and The Metaphysics of Relativity, Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, ISBN 9780792366683
  • Time and Eternity: Exploring God's Relationship to Time, Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2001, ISBN 9781581342413
  • What Does God Know?, Atlanta: RZIM, 2002, ISBN 9781930107052
  • Philosophy of Religion: A Reader and Guide, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780813531212
  • Hard Questions, Real Answers, Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2003, ISBN 9781581344875
  • Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview (koautor: James Porter Moreland), Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2003, ISBN 9780830826940
  • Does God Exist?: The Craig-Flew Debate (koautor: Stan W. Wallace), Aldershot; Burlington: Ashgate Publishing, 2003, ISBN 9780754631903
  • God?: A Debate Between a Christian and an Atheist (koautor: Walter Sinnott-Armstrong), New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 9780195165999
  • Creation out of Nothing: A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration (koautor: Paul Copan), Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004, ISBN 9780801027338
  • Einstein, Relativity and Absolute Simultaneity (koautor: Quentin Smith), London; New York: Routledge, 2008, ISBN 9780415701747
  • Contending with Christianity's Critics: Answering New Atheists & Other Objectors (više autora), Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 9780805449365
  • The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology (više autora), Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, ISBN 9781444308334
  • On Guard: Defending Your Faith with Reason and Precision, Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 2010, ISBN 9781434764881
  • Come Let Us Reason: New Essays in Christian Apologetics (više autora), Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2012, ISBN 9781433672200
  • True Reason: Confronting the Irrationality of the New Atheism (više autora), Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2013, ISBN 9780825443381
  • A Reasonable Response: Answers to Tough Questions on God, Christianity, and the Bible, Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2013, ISBN 9780802405999
  • On Guard: Mit Verstand und Präzision den Glauben verteidigen, Neuried Christlicher Veranstaltungs- und Mediendienst, 2015, ISBN 9783981772906
  • On Guard for Students: A Thinker's Guide to the Christian Faith, Colorado Springs: David C Cook, 2015, ISBN 9780781412995

Izvori

  1. ↑ Schneider, Nathan (1. srpanj 2013.). "The New Theist". The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019 Pristupljeno 11. lipanj 2019. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Murashko, Alex (5. veljača 2014.). "Leading Apologist William Lane Craig to Join Houston Baptist U's School of Christian Thought Faculty". The Christian Post. https://www.christianpost.com/news/leading-apologist-william-lane-craig-to-join-houston-baptist-us-school-of-christian-thought-faculty.html Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019. 
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Schneider, Nathan (1. srpanj 2013.). "The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle". The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019 Pristupljeno 22. siječanj 2018. 
  4. ↑ Reichenbach, Bruce. "Cosmological Argument". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmological-argument/ Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019.. "In his widely discussed writings William Lane Craig marshals multidisciplinary evidence for the truth of the premises found in the kalām argument.... [much more discussion follows]" 
  5. ↑ Sun, Eryn (30. rujan 2011.). "Dawkins defends decision not to debate apologist William Lane Craig". Christianity Today. https://www.christiantoday.com/article/dawkins.defends.decision.not.to.debate.apologist.william.lane.craig/28709.htm Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019.. "...[Craig is] the leading Christian apologist, famous for his revival of the Kalām cosmological argument which asserts that God caused the universe to first exist." 
  6. ↑ Horn, Trent (17. srpanj 2013.). "New Support for the Cosmological Argument". catholic.com. https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/new-support-for-the-cosmological-argument Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019.. "Although the argument fell into relatively obscurity after it was promoted in the Middle Ages, it received new life through William Lane Craig’s 1979 book The Kalām Cosmological Argument. Craig has become the argument’s leading proponent, and thanks to his famous debates with atheists that end up on YouTube, the Kalām argument has become well-known and is vigorously dissected by critics." 
  7. ↑ McNabb, Tyler Dalton. "Review of God Over All: Divine Aseity and the Challenge of Platonism by William Lane Craig". Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies. http://jbtsonline.org/review-of-god-over-all-divine-aseity-and-the-challenge-of-platonism-by-william-lane-craig/ 
  8. ↑ Craig, William Lane. "Does the Problem of Material Constitution Illuminate the Doctrine of the Trinity?". https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/scholarly-writings/christian-doctrines/does-the-problem-of-material-constitution-illuminate-the-doctrine-of-the-tr/ Pristupljeno 10. srpanj 2019.. "I am the second child of Mallory and Doris Craig..." 
  9. ↑ Craig, William Lane (5. veljača 2018.). "Questions on Certainty and Debate". https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/reasonable-faith-podcast/questions-on-certainty-and-debate/ Pristupljeno 22. srpanj 2019.. "But that doesn't undermine my knowledge that I was born in Peoria, Illinois and raised in Keokuk, Iowa." 
  10. ↑ Craig, William Lane. "Debating". Reasonable Faith. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 12. svibanj 2014.. http://www.reasonablefaith.org/debating Pristupljeno 8. svibanj 2014. 
  11. ↑ "Records and History – Original Oratory". Illinois High School Association. http://www.ihsa.org/SportsActivities/IndividualEvents/RecordsHistory.aspx?url=/data/ie/records/index.htm Pristupljeno 27. svibanj 2015. 
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 "William Lane Craig". Biola University. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 14. kolovoz 2014.. http://www.talbot.edu/faculty/profile/william_craig/ Pristupljeno 5. svibanj 2014. 
  13. ↑ "William Lane Craig and Sean McDowell". Fervr. http://fervr.net/author/37132/ Pristupljeno 11. svibanj 2014. 
  14. ↑ Craig, William Lane (5. studeni 2007.). "Faith and Doubt". https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/faith-and-doubt Pristupljeno 10. srpanj 2019.. "To speak personally, I myself was not raised in an evangelical home, but I became a Christian my third year of high school." 
  15. ↑ Schneider, Nathan (12. srpanj 2013.). "7 Habits of a Highly Effective Philosopher". Killing the Buddha. http://killingthebuddha.com/mag/witness/7-habits-of-a-highly-effective-philosopher/ Pristupljeno 10. svibanj 2014. 
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 "Dr. William Lane Craig Named Alumnus of the Year". Wheaton College. 7. svibanj 2014.. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 12. svibanj 2014.. http://www.wheaton.edu/Media-Center/News/2014/05/Dr-William-Lane-Craig-Named-Alumnus-of-the-Year Pristupljeno 11. svibanj 2014. 
  17. ↑ Craig, William Lane. "Double Doctorates". Reasonable Faith. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 12. svibanj 2014.. http://www.reasonablefaith.org/double-doctorates Pristupljeno 10. svibanj 2014. 
  18. ↑ "William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus of the Year". Trinity International University. https://news.tiu.edu/2016/07/23/william-lane-craig-named-teds-alumnus-of-the-year/ Pristupljeno 22. srpanj 2019. 
  19. ↑ "William Lane Craig". calvin.edu. Calvin College. https://calvin.edu/directory/series/william-lane-craig Pristupljeno 9. travanj 2019. 
  20. ↑ Cramer, David C.. "John Hick (1922—2012)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://www.iep.utm.edu/hick/ Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019. 
  21. ↑ "The Cadbury Lectures 2015: God Over All Back to 'The Cadbury lectures' 16 March - 20 March 2015". University of Birmingham. https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/ptr/departments/theologyandreligion/events/cadburylectures/2015/index.aspx Pristupljeno 22. srpanj 2019.. "Hosted by the John Hick Centre for Philosophy of Religion. Our theme for 2015 is 'God Over All' , and will consist of a series of lectures given by Professor William Lane Craig (Talbot School of Theology and Houston Baptist University; PhD University of Birmingham 1977)." 
  22. ↑ "Humboldt Network: Prof. Dr. William L. Craig". Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/Foundation. https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/pls/web/pub_hn_query.humboldtianer_details?p_externe_id=7000110651&p_lang=en Pristupljeno 16. srpanj 2019.. "Host(s) and host institute(s) during Humboldt sponsorship: Prof. Dr. Wolfhart Pannenberg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; Start of first sponsorship: 01.01.1978" 
  23. ↑ Sanders, Fred (18. rujan 2014.). "The Strange Legacy of Theologian Wolfhart Pannenberg". Christianity Today. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 21. rujan 2014.. https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/september-web-only/strange-legacy-theologian-wolfhart-pannenberg.html Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019.. "Accordingly, Pannenberg marshaled the available evidence and argued that the most rational interpretation of it is that Christ actually rose from the dead. That a high-level German theologian would defend Christ’s resurrection as a knowable fact was headline news in the religious press of the 1970s. It’s no surprise, then, that Pannenberg’s emphasis on the historical reliability of the Resurrection attracted students like apologist William Lane Craig." 
  24. ↑ The historical argument for the Resurrection of Jesus during the Deist controversy 
  25. ↑ Pearson, Samuel C. (listopad 1988). "Book Review: The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus during the Deist Controversy. William L. Craig". The Journal of Religion 68 (4) 
  26. ↑ "William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus of the Year". Trinity International University. https://news.tiu.edu/2016/07/23/william-lane-craig-named-teds-alumnus-of-the-year/ Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019.. "Craig earned master’s degrees from TEDS in philosophy of religion, as well as in church history and the history of Christian thought. He taught philosophy of religion at TEDS from 1980–1986." 
  27. ↑ Craig, William Lane (5. travanj 2010.). "#155 Debating". Reasonable Faith. https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/debating/ Pristupljeno 31. srpanj 2019.. "But in 1982, with my doctoral studies behind me, I received an invitation from a Canadian Christian group to debate the atheist philosopher Kai Nielsen at the University of Calgary." 
  28. ↑ Premier. "Unbelievable? 5 Jul 2011 - William Lane Craig vs AC Grayling debate on God & Evil: Tuesday 05 July 2011 2:30:00 am". Premier Christian Radio. https://www.premierchristianradio.com/Shows/Saturday/Unbelievable/Episodes/Unbelievable-5-Jul-2011-William-Lane-Craig-vs-AC-Grayling-debate-on-God-Evil 
  29. ↑ Stafforini, Pablo (18. kolovoz 2016.). "William Lane Craig: A Complete List of Debates". Pablo's Miscellany. Pablo Stafforini. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 11. lipanj 2017.. http://www.stafforini.com/blog/william-lane-craig-a-complete-list-of-debates/ Pristupljeno 16. listopad 2016. 
  30. ↑ "Contributors". International Philosophical Quarterly 33. 1993. https://books.google.com/books?id=U1C6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22louvain%22+%22william+lane+craig%22 
  31. ↑ Kristof, Nicholas (21. prosinac 2018.). "Professor, Was Jesus Really Born to a Virgin?". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/opinion/sunday/christmas-christian-craig.html Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2019.. "Here’s my interview of William Lane Craig, professor of philosophy at Talbot School of Theology and Houston Baptist University." 
  32. ↑ Trinity International University (22. srpanj 2016.). "William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus of the Year". Buffalo Grove Countryside. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 26. srpanj 2016.. http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/buffalo-grove/community/chi-ugc-article-william-lane-craig-named-teds-alumnus-of-the-2016-07-22-story.html Pristupljeno 30. rujan 2018. 
  33. ↑ "Who's Who: Modern Authors: William Lane Craig (Entry 2)". Philosophy of Religion.info. http://www.philosophyofreligion.info/whos-who/modern-authors/william-lane-craig/ Pristupljeno 16. listopad 2016. 
  34. ↑ (2003) Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion, Routledge.

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