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Kvantno sprezanje: razlika između inačica

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Redak 37: Redak 37:
|doi=10.1017/S0305004100019137
|doi=10.1017/S0305004100019137
|bibcode = 1936PCPS...32..446S }}
|bibcode = 1936PCPS...32..446S }}
</ref> koji opisuju, kasnije nazvani, [[EPR paradoks]]. Einstein i drugi smatrali su takvo ponašanje nemogućim jer je kršilo [[teorija relativnosti|teoriju relativnosti]] (Einstein je to nazvao "sablasno djelovanje na daljinu")<ref>Physicist John Bell depicts the Einstein camp in this debate in his article entitled "Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality", p. 143 of ''Speakable and unspeakable in quantum mechanics'': "For EPR that would be an unthinkable 'spooky action at a distance'. To avoid such action at a distance they have to attribute, to the space-time regions in question, real properties in advance of observation, correlated properties, which predetermine the outcomes of these particular observations. Since these real properties, fixed in advance of observation, are not contained in quantum formalism, that formalism for EPR is incomplete. It may be correct, as far as it goes, but the usual quantum formalism cannot be the whole story." And again on p. 144 Bell says: "Einstein had no difficulty accepting that affairs in different places could be correlated. What he could not accept was that an intervention at one place could influence, immediately, affairs at the other." Downloaded 5 July 2011 from {{cite  book  |year= 1987 |accessdate=14. lipnja 2014.|title=Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics |first=J. S. |last=Bell |publisher=[[CERN]] |isbn=0521334950|url=http://philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu/faculty/wuthrich/GSSPP09/Files/BellJohnS1981Speakable_BertlmannsSocks.pdf}}</ref> te je tvrdio kako je zbog toga tadašnja interpretacija [[kvantna mehanika|kvantne mehanike]] nepotpuna. Kasnije su kontraintuitivna predviđanja kvantne mehanike potvđena.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/65093/title/75_years_of_entanglement|title=75 years of entanglement – Science News|publisher=|accessdate=13. listopada 2014.}}</ref> Izvedeni su eksperimenti koji uključuju mjerenje polarizacije ili spina spregnutih čestica u drugim smjerovima, koji su – kršeći [[Bellova nejednakost|Bellovu nejednakost]] – statistički demonstrirali kako je [[Kopenhagenska interpretacija]] ispravna. To se događa čak i kad su mjerenja izvedena na dva mjesta brže no što svjetlo može stići od jednog labaratorija do drugog, što dokazuje kako čestice među sobom ne razmjenjuju informacije.<ref>Francis, Matthew.  
</ref> koji opisuju, kasnije nazvani, [[EPR paradoks]]. Einstein i drugi smatrali su takvo ponašanje nemogućim jer je kršilo [[teorija relativnosti|teoriju relativnosti]] (Einstein je to nazvao "sablasno djelovanje na daljinu")<ref>Physicist John Bell depicts the Einstein camp in this debate in his article entitled "Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality", p. 143 of ''Speakable and unspeakable in quantum mechanics'': "For EPR that would be an unthinkable 'spooky action at a distance'. To avoid such action at a distance they have to attribute, to the space-time regions in question, real properties in advance of observation, correlated properties, which predetermine the outcomes of these particular observations. Since these real properties, fixed in advance of observation, are not contained in quantum formalism, that formalism for EPR is incomplete. It may be correct, as far as it goes, but the usual quantum formalism cannot be the whole story." And again on p. 144 Bell says: "Einstein had no difficulty accepting that affairs in different places could be correlated. What he could not accept was that an intervention at one place could influence, immediately, affairs at the other." Downloaded 5 July 2011 from {{cite  book  |year= 1987 |accessdate=14. lipnja 2014.|title=Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics |first=J. S. |last=Bell |publisher=[[CERN]] |isbn=0521334950|url=http://philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu/faculty/wuthrich/GSSPP09/Files/BellJohnS1981Speakable_BertlmannsSocks.pdf}}</ref> te je tvrdio kako je zbog toga tadašnja interpretacija [[kvantna mehanika|kvantne mehanike]] nepotpuna. Kasnije su kontraintuitivna predviđanja kvantne mehanike potvđena.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/65093/title/75_years_of_entanglement|title=75 years of entanglement – Science News|publisher=|accessdate=13. listopada 2014.}}</ref> Izvedeni su eksperimenti koji uključuju mjerenje polarizacije ili spina spregnutih čestica u drugim smjerovima, koji su – kršeći [[Bellova nejednakost|Bellovu nejednakost]] – statistički demonstrirali kako je [[Kopenhagenska interpretacija]] ispravna. To se događa čak i kad su mjerenja izvedena na dva mjesta brže no što svjetlo može stići od jednog labaratorija do drugog, što dokazuje kako čestice među sobom ne razmjenjuju informacije.<ref>Francis, Matthew.  
  [http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local], ''Ars Technica'', 30. listopada 2012.</ref>
  [http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/quantum-entanglement-shows-that-reality-cant-be-local/ Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local], ''Ars Technica'', 30. listopada 2012.</ref>
Prema formalizaciji kvantne teorije, efekti mjerenja su trenutačni.<ref>{{cite web | last =Matson
Prema formalizaciji kvantne teorije, efekti mjerenja su trenutačni.<ref>{{Citiranje weba | last =Matson
  | first =John | title =Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances | publisher =Nature | date =13. kolovoza 2012. | url =http://www.nature.com/news/quantum-teleportation-achieved-over-record-distances-1.11163}}</ref><ref name=Griffiths2004>{{citation | author=Griffiths, David J.|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.) | publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2004 |isbn= 0-13-111892-7}}</ref> No, nije moguće koristiti ovaj učinak za prenošenje informacija brzinom bržom od svjetlosti.<ref>[[Roger Penrose]], ''The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe'', London, 2004, p. 603.</ref>
  | first =John | title =Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances | publisher =Nature | date =13. kolovoza 2012. | url =http://www.nature.com/news/quantum-teleportation-achieved-over-record-distances-1.11163}}</ref><ref name=Griffiths2004>{{citation | author=Griffiths, David J.|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.) | publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2004 |isbn= 0-13-111892-7}}</ref> No, nije moguće koristiti ovaj učinak za prenošenje informacija brzinom bržom od svjetlosti.<ref>[[Roger Penrose]], ''The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe'', London, 2004, p. 603.</ref>


Kvantno sprezanje je područje veoma aktivnih istraživanja, čiji su učinci eksperimentalno demonstrirani na [[foton]]ima,<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337 | bibcode=1995PhRvL..75.4337K | volume=75 | title=New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs | journal=Physical Review Letters | pages=4337–4341}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v430/n6995/full/nature02643.html | volume=430 | doi = 10.1038/nature02643 | title=Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation | journal=Nature | pages=54–58 | pmid=15229594 | date=Srpanj 2004.|arxiv = quant-ph/0402096 |bibcode = 2004Natur.430...54Z }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url =  http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v3/n2/full/nphys507.html | volume=3 | doi = 10.1038/nphys507 | title=Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states | journal=Nature Physics | pages=91–95|arxiv = quant-ph/0609130 |bibcode = 2007NatPh...3...91L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url =  http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v6/n4/full/nphoton.2011.354.html | volume=6 | doi = 10.1038/nphoton.2011.354 | title=Observation of eight-photon entanglement | journal=Nature Photonics | pages=225–228|arxiv = 1105.6318 |bibcode = 2012NaPho...6..225Y }}</ref> [[neutrino|neutrinima]],<ref>J. A. Formaggio, D. I. Kaiser, M. M. Murskyj, and T. E. Weiss (2016), "Violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in neutrino oscillations". ''Phys. Rev. Lett.'' Prihvaćeno 23. lipnja 2016. https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/6f072Y00C3318d41f5739ec7f83a9acf1ad67b002</ref> [[elektron]]ima,<ref name="NTR-20151021">{{cite journal |author=Hensen, B. |title=Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature15759.html |date=21 October 2015 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/nature15759 |accessdate=21. listopada 2015 |display-authors=etal |volume=526 |pages=682–686|bibcode = 2015Natur.526..682H }} Vidi i [http://www.nature.com/articles/nature15759.epdf?referrer_access_token=1QB20mTNTZW60nEXil0D79RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Pfu6MWINxm4Io03p2jIRZ8qX_3I3N0Kr-AlItuikCZOJrG8QbdRRghlecFwmixlbQpWuw1dtaib4Le5DQOG3u_aXHU85x1JEhOcQTa1sHi0yvW23bbxmEQZAmHL4G0gIVusG_6JWorroY5BprgbTl4FiaE8WltEgMoUMZfZBkEfbMcFDp5iR112TFx_x3ZRj88Wa23E2moEvTfKjtlued0&tracking_referrer=www.nytimes.com free online access version].</ref><ref name="NYT-20151021">{{cite news |last=Markoff |first=Jack |title=Sorry, Einstein. Quantum Study Suggests 'Spooky Action' Is Real. |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/22/science/quantum-theory-experiment-said-to-prove-spooky-interactions.html |date=21. listopada 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=21. listopada 2015. }}</ref> [[molekula]]ma veličine fulerena,<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/44348 | title = Wave–particle duality of C<sub>60</sub> molecules | date= 14 October 1999 | volume=401 | journal=Nature | pages=680–682 | pmid=18494170|bibcode = 1999Natur.401..680A }} <!-- {{subscription}} --></ref><ref>[[Olaf Nairz]], [[Markus Arndt]], and [[Anton Zeilinger]], "Quantum interference experiments with large molecules", American Journal of Physics, 71 (April 2003) 319–325.</ref> čak i malih dijamanata.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Science |date=2. prosinca 2011. |volume=334 |issue=6060 |pages=1253–1256 |doi=10.1126/science.1211914 |pmid=22144620 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6060/1253.full |title=Entangling macroscopic diamonds at room temperature |laysummary=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21235-entangled-diamonds-blur-quantumclassical-divide.html|bibcode = 2011Sci...334.1253L |last1=Lee |first1=K. C. |last2=Sprague |first2=M. R. |last3=Sussman |first3=B. J. |last4=Nunn |first4=J. |last5=Langford |first5=N. K. |last6=Jin |first6=X.- M. |last7=Champion |first7=T. |last8=Michelberger |first8=P. |last9=Reim |first9=K. F. |last10=England |first10=D. |last11=Jaksch |first11=D. |last12=Walmsley |first12=I. A. }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6060/1253/suppl/DC1 sciencemag.org], supplementary materials</ref> Istraživanja se također fokusiraju na iskorištavanje navedenih učinaka za svrhe komunikacije i kvantnih računala.
Kvantno sprezanje je područje veoma aktivnih istraživanja, čiji su učinci eksperimentalno demonstrirani na [[foton]]ima,<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337 | bibcode=1995PhRvL..75.4337K | volume=75 | title=New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs | journal=Physical Review Letters | pages=4337–4341}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v430/n6995/full/nature02643.html | volume=430 | doi = 10.1038/nature02643 | title=Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation | journal=Nature | pages=54–58 | pmid=15229594 | date=Srpanj 2004.|arxiv = quant-ph/0402096 |bibcode = 2004Natur.430...54Z }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url =  http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v3/n2/full/nphys507.html | volume=3 | doi = 10.1038/nphys507 | title=Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states | journal=Nature Physics | pages=91–95|arxiv = quant-ph/0609130 |bibcode = 2007NatPh...3...91L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url =  http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v6/n4/full/nphoton.2011.354.html | volume=6 | doi = 10.1038/nphoton.2011.354 | title=Observation of eight-photon entanglement | journal=Nature Photonics | pages=225–228|arxiv = 1105.6318 |bibcode = 2012NaPho...6..225Y }}</ref> [[neutrino|neutrinima]],<ref>J. A. Formaggio, D. I. Kaiser, M. M. Murskyj, and T. E. Weiss (2016), "Violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in neutrino oscillations". ''Phys. Rev. Lett.'' Prihvaćeno 23. lipnja 2016. https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/6f072Y00C3318d41f5739ec7f83a9acf1ad67b002</ref> [[elektron]]ima,<ref name="NTR-20151021">{{cite journal |author=Hensen, B. |title=Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature15759.html |date=21 October 2015 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/nature15759 |accessdate=21. listopada 2015 |display-authors=etal |volume=526 |pages=682–686|bibcode = 2015Natur.526..682H }} Vidi i [http://www.nature.com/articles/nature15759.epdf?referrer_access_token=1QB20mTNTZW60nEXil0D79RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Pfu6MWINxm4Io03p2jIRZ8qX_3I3N0Kr-AlItuikCZOJrG8QbdRRghlecFwmixlbQpWuw1dtaib4Le5DQOG3u_aXHU85x1JEhOcQTa1sHi0yvW23bbxmEQZAmHL4G0gIVusG_6JWorroY5BprgbTl4FiaE8WltEgMoUMZfZBkEfbMcFDp5iR112TFx_x3ZRj88Wa23E2moEvTfKjtlued0&tracking_referrer=www.nytimes.com free online access version].</ref><ref name="NYT-20151021">{{Citiranje novina |last=Markoff |first=Jack |title=Sorry, Einstein. Quantum Study Suggests 'Spooky Action' Is Real. |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/22/science/quantum-theory-experiment-said-to-prove-spooky-interactions.html |date=21. listopada 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=21. listopada 2015. }}</ref> [[molekula]]ma veličine fulerena,<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/44348 | title = Wave–particle duality of C<sub>60</sub> molecules | date= 14 October 1999 | volume=401 | journal=Nature | pages=680–682 | pmid=18494170|bibcode = 1999Natur.401..680A }} <!-- {{subscription}} --></ref><ref>[[Olaf Nairz]], [[Markus Arndt]], and [[Anton Zeilinger]], "Quantum interference experiments with large molecules", American Journal of Physics, 71 (April 2003) 319–325.</ref> čak i malih dijamanata.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Science |date=2. prosinca 2011. |volume=334 |issue=6060 |pages=1253–1256 |doi=10.1126/science.1211914 |pmid=22144620 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6060/1253.full |title=Entangling macroscopic diamonds at room temperature |laysummary=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21235-entangled-diamonds-blur-quantumclassical-divide.html|bibcode = 2011Sci...334.1253L |last1=Lee |first1=K. C. |last2=Sprague |first2=M. R. |last3=Sussman |first3=B. J. |last4=Nunn |first4=J. |last5=Langford |first5=N. K. |last6=Jin |first6=X.- M. |last7=Champion |first7=T. |last8=Michelberger |first8=P. |last9=Reim |first9=K. F. |last10=England |first10=D. |last11=Jaksch |first11=D. |last12=Walmsley |first12=I. A. }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6060/1253/suppl/DC1 sciencemag.org], supplementary materials</ref> Istraživanja se također fokusiraju na iskorištavanje navedenih učinaka za svrhe komunikacije i kvantnih računala.


==Izvori==
==Izvori==

Posljednja izmjena od 6. prosinac 2021. u 03:32

Kvantna fizika


Uvod u kvantnu mehaniku

Matematička formulacija kvantne mehanike

Kvantno sprezanje je fizikalni fenomen koji se pojavljuje kada parovi ili skupine čestica nastanu ili međudjeluju na takav način da se kvantno stanje pojedinačnih čestica ne može utvrditi neovisno o drugim česticama, čak i ako čestice u pitanju dijele velike udaljenosti - umjesto toga, mora se uzeti kvantno stanje sustava kao cjeline.

Mjerenja fizikalnih svojstava, poput položaja, momenta, spina, ili polarizacije, na spregnutim česticama blisko su povezana. Na primjer, ako je paru spregnutih čestica ukupni spin nula, a za jednu česticu se zna kako ima spin u smjeru kazaljke na satu na nekoj osi, spin druge čestice, mjeren po istoj osi, uvijek će biti obrnutog smjera, kao što se može i očekivati. Međutim, takvo ponašanje može dovesti do paradoksalnih učinaka: bilo kakvo mjerenje svojstva čestice može se gledati kao utjecanje na tu česticu (npr., kolapsom broja superpozicijskih stanja), što će promijeniti originalno kvantno svojstvo; a u slučaju spregnutih čestica, takvo se mjerenje može izvesti samo na sustavu kao cjelini. Tada izgleda kao da jedna čestica spregnuta sustava "zna" koja su mjerenja izvedena na drugoj čestici, i s kojim rezultatima, iako nema poznatog načina izmjene takvih informacija između čestica, koje mogu biti na bilo kojoj međusobnoj udaljenosti.

Takvi fenomeni bili su tema znanstvenog rada koji su 1935. napisali Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, i Nathan Rosen,[1] kao i nekoliko radova Erwina Schrodingera malo poslije,[2][3] koji opisuju, kasnije nazvani, EPR paradoks. Einstein i drugi smatrali su takvo ponašanje nemogućim jer je kršilo teoriju relativnosti (Einstein je to nazvao "sablasno djelovanje na daljinu")[4] te je tvrdio kako je zbog toga tadašnja interpretacija kvantne mehanike nepotpuna. Kasnije su kontraintuitivna predviđanja kvantne mehanike potvđena.[5] Izvedeni su eksperimenti koji uključuju mjerenje polarizacije ili spina spregnutih čestica u drugim smjerovima, koji su – kršeći Bellovu nejednakost – statistički demonstrirali kako je Kopenhagenska interpretacija ispravna. To se događa čak i kad su mjerenja izvedena na dva mjesta brže no što svjetlo može stići od jednog labaratorija do drugog, što dokazuje kako čestice među sobom ne razmjenjuju informacije.[6] Prema formalizaciji kvantne teorije, efekti mjerenja su trenutačni.[7][8] No, nije moguće koristiti ovaj učinak za prenošenje informacija brzinom bržom od svjetlosti.[9]

Kvantno sprezanje je područje veoma aktivnih istraživanja, čiji su učinci eksperimentalno demonstrirani na fotonima,[10][11][12][13] neutrinima,[14] elektronima,[15][16] molekulama veličine fulerena,[17][18] čak i malih dijamanata.[19][20] Istraživanja se također fokusiraju na iskorištavanje navedenih učinaka za svrhe komunikacije i kvantnih računala.

Izvori

  1. ↑ Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N; Podolsky; Rosen (1935). "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?". Phys. Rev. 47 (10): 777–780. Bibcode 1935PhRv...47..777E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 
  2. ↑ Schrödinger E (1935). "Discussion of probability relations between separated systems". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 31 (4): 555–563. Bibcode 1935PCPS...31..555S. doi:10.1017/S0305004100013554 
  3. ↑ Schrödinger E (1936). "Probability relations between separated systems". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 32 (3): 446–452. Bibcode 1936PCPS...32..446S. doi:10.1017/S0305004100019137 
  4. ↑ Physicist John Bell depicts the Einstein camp in this debate in his article entitled "Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality", p. 143 of Speakable and unspeakable in quantum mechanics: "For EPR that would be an unthinkable 'spooky action at a distance'. To avoid such action at a distance they have to attribute, to the space-time regions in question, real properties in advance of observation, correlated properties, which predetermine the outcomes of these particular observations. Since these real properties, fixed in advance of observation, are not contained in quantum formalism, that formalism for EPR is incomplete. It may be correct, as far as it goes, but the usual quantum formalism cannot be the whole story." And again on p. 144 Bell says: "Einstein had no difficulty accepting that affairs in different places could be correlated. What he could not accept was that an intervention at one place could influence, immediately, affairs at the other." Downloaded 5 July 2011 from Bell, J. S. (1987). Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. CERN. ISBN 0521334950. http://philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu/faculty/wuthrich/GSSPP09/Files/BellJohnS1981Speakable_BertlmannsSocks.pdf Pristupljeno 14. lipnja 2014. 
  5. ↑ "75 years of entanglement – Science News". http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/65093/title/75_years_of_entanglement Pristupljeno 13. listopada 2014. 
  6. ↑ Francis, Matthew. Quantum entanglement shows that reality can't be local, Ars Technica, 30. listopada 2012.
  7. ↑ Matson, John (13. kolovoza 2012.). "Quantum teleportation achieved over record distances". Nature. http://www.nature.com/news/quantum-teleportation-achieved-over-record-distances-1.11163 
  8. ↑ Griffiths, David J. (2004), Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-111892-7 
  9. ↑ Roger Penrose, The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, London, 2004, p. 603.
  10. ↑ "New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs". Physical Review Letters 75: 4337–4341. Bibcode 1995PhRvL..75.4337K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337 
  11. ↑ "Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation". Nature 430: 54–58. Srpanj 2004.. arXiv:quant-ph/0402096. Bibcode 2004Natur.430...54Z. doi:10.1038/nature02643. PMID 15229594. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v430/n6995/full/nature02643.html 
  12. ↑ "Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states". Nature Physics 3: 91–95. arXiv:quant-ph/0609130. Bibcode 2007NatPh...3...91L. doi:10.1038/nphys507. http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v3/n2/full/nphys507.html 
  13. ↑ "Observation of eight-photon entanglement". Nature Photonics 6: 225–228. arXiv:1105.6318. Bibcode 2012NaPho...6..225Y. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2011.354. http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v6/n4/full/nphoton.2011.354.html 
  14. ↑ J. A. Formaggio, D. I. Kaiser, M. M. Murskyj, and T. E. Weiss (2016), "Violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in neutrino oscillations". Phys. Rev. Lett. Prihvaćeno 23. lipnja 2016. https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/6f072Y00C3318d41f5739ec7f83a9acf1ad67b002
  15. ↑ Hensen, B. (21. listopad 2015.). "Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres". Nature 526: 682–686. Bibcode 2015Natur.526..682H. doi:10.1038/nature15759. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature15759.html Pristupljeno 21. listopada 2015  Vidi i free online access version.
  16. ↑ Markoff, Jack (21. listopada 2015). "Sorry, Einstein. Quantum Study Suggests 'Spooky Action' Is Real.". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/22/science/quantum-theory-experiment-said-to-prove-spooky-interactions.html Pristupljeno 21. listopada 2015. 
  17. ↑ "Wave–particle duality of C60 molecules". Nature 401: 680–682. 14. listopad 1999.. Bibcode 1999Natur.401..680A. doi:10.1038/44348. PMID 18494170 
  18. ↑ Olaf Nairz, Markus Arndt, and Anton Zeilinger, "Quantum interference experiments with large molecules", American Journal of Physics, 71 (April 2003) 319–325.
  19. ↑ Lee, K. C.; Sprague, M. R.; Sussman, B. J.; Nunn, J.; Langford, N. K.; Jin, X.- M.; Champion, T.; Michelberger, P. et al. (2. prosinca 2011.). "Entangling macroscopic diamonds at room temperature". Science 334 (6060): 1253–1256. Bibcode 2011Sci...334.1253L. doi:10.1126/science.1211914. PMID 22144620. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6060/1253.full. Lay summary 
  20. ↑ sciencemag.org, supplementary materials
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