Proboj godine (engl. Breakthrough of the Year) godišnja je nagrada koju dodjeljuje časopis Science za najznačajniji razvoj u znanstvenom istraživanju. Inspirirana Čovjekom godine magazina Timea, nagrada je prvi put dodijeljena 1989. godine pod imenom Molekula godine, a ime je promijenila u Proboj godine 1996. godine. Proboj godine naširoko se smatra najvećim priznanjem u znanosti.
Molekula godine
- 1989.: PCR i polimeraza DNA[1]
- 1990.: proizvodnja sintetskih dijamanata[2]
- 1991.: bakminsterfuleren[3]
- 1992.: dušikov oksid[4]
- 1993.: p53[5]
- 1994.: enzim popravka DNA[6]
Od 2002. godine Molekulu godine dodjeljuje Međunarodno društvo za molekularnu i staničnu biologiju i biotehnološke protokole i istraživanja (engl. International Society For Molecular and Cell Biology and Biotechnology Protocols and Researches, akr. ISMCBBPR).[7]
- 2002.: sve-trans-retinoična kiselina[8]
- 2003.: adenovirusni glikoproteini (GP) i nukleoproteini (NP) cjepiva protiv ebole[9]
- 2004.: imidazoloctenokiselinski ribotid[10]
- 2005.: 4E10[11]
- 2006.: hsa-mir-155 i hsa-let-7a-2[12]
- 2007.: PKD2L1[13]
- 2008.: anti-SAG 421-433 katalitički IgA[14]
- 2009.: Trnoružičina transpozaza SB 100X[15]
- 2010.: FOXM1[16][17][18][19]
- 2011.: BMP7[20]
- 2012.: dezmosterol[21]
Proboj godine
- 1996.: razumijevanje HIV-a[22]
- 1997.: ovca Dolly, prvi sisavac kloniran od odraslih stanica[23]
- 1998.: akcelerantni svemir, tamna tvar[24]
- 1999.: ispunjavanje obećanja o mladosti s matičnim stanicama[25]
- 2000.: sekvenciranje čitava genoma[26]
- 2001.: nanokrugovi ili molekularni krug[27]
- 2002.: interferencija RNA[28]
- 2003.: tamna energija[29]
- 2004.: rover Spirit spustio se na Mars[30]
- 2005.: evolucija na djelu[31]
- 2006.: dokaz Poincaréove slutnje[32]
- 2007.: humana genska varijacija[33]
- 2008.: stanično reprogramiranje[34]
- 2009.: Ardipithecus ramidus[35]
- 2010.: prvi kvantni stroj[36]
- 2011.: klinički pokus HPTN 052[37]
- 2012.: otkriće Higgsova bozona[38]
- 2013.: imunoterapija raka[39]
- 2014.: Rosetta dolazi do kometa 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko [40]
- 2015.: CRISPR uređivanje gena[41]
- 2016.: Prvo promatranje gravitacijskih valova[42]
- 2017.: Spajanje neutronske zvijezde (GW170817)[43]
- 2018.: sekvenciranje pojedinačnih ćelija[44]
- 2019.: prva slika crne rupe[45]
Izvori
- ↑ R. L. Guyer and D. E. Koshland, Jr (1989). "The Molecule of the Year". Science 246 (4937): 1543–1546. doi:10.1126/science.2688087. PMID 2688087
- ↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1990). "The Molecule of the Year". Science 250 (4988): 1637. Bibcode 1990Sci...250.1637K. doi:10.1126/science.250.4988.1637
- ↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1991). "Molecule of the Year". Science 254 (5039): 1705. Bibcode 1991Sci...254.1705K. doi:10.1126/science.254.5039.1705
- ↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1992). "The Molecule of the Year". Science 258 (5090): 1861. Bibcode 1992Sci...258.1861K. doi:10.1126/science.1470903. PMID 1470903
- ↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1993). "Molecule of the Year". Science 262 (5142): 1953. Bibcode 1993Sci...262.1953K. doi:10.1126/science.8266084. PMID 8266084
- ↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1994). "Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme". Science 266 (5193): 1925. Bibcode 1994Sci...266.1925K. doi:10.1126/science.7801114. PMID 7801114
- ↑ Molecule of the Year. ISMCBBPR.
- ↑ Kitareewan S, Pitha-Rowe I, Sekula D, Lowrey CH, Nemeth MJ, Golub TR, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. (2002). "UBE1L is a retinoid target that triggers PML/RARα degradation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia". PNAS 99 (6): 3806–11. Bibcode 2002PNAS...99.3806K. doi:10.1073/pnas.052011299. PMC 122605. PMID 11891284. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122605/
- ↑ Nancy J. Sullivan, Thomas W. Geisbert, Joan B. Geisbert, Ling Xu, Zhi-yong Yang, Mario Roederer, Richard A. Koup, Peter B. Jahrling and Gary J. Nabel (2000). "Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates". Nature 408 (6812): 605–9. doi:10.1038/35046108. PMID 11117750
- ↑ George D Prell, Giorgio P Martinelli, Gay R Holstein, Jasenka Matulić-Adamić, Kyoichi A Watanabe, Susan L F Chan, Noel G Morgan, Musa A Haxhiu, Paul Ernsberger (2004). "Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide: an endogenous ligand that stimulates imidazol(in)e receptors". PNAS 101 (37): 13677–13682. Bibcode 2004PNAS..10113677P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404846101
- ↑ Rosa M.F. Cardoso, Michael B. Zwick, Robyn L. Stanfield, Renate Kunert, James M. Binley, Hermann Katinger, Dennis R. Burtonand Ian A. Wilson. (2005). "Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody 4E10 Recognizes a Helical Conformation of a Highly Conserved Fusion-Associated Motif in gp41". Immunity 22 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.12.011. PMID 15723805
- ↑ Nozomu Yanaihara, Natasha Caplen, Elise Bowman, Masahiro Seike, Kensuke Kumamoto, Ming Yi, Robert M. Stephens, Aikou Okamoto, Jun Yokota, Ta dao Tanaka, George Adrian Calin, Chang-Gong Liu, Carlo M. Croce and Curtis C. Harris. (2006). "Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis". Cancer Cell 9 (3): 189–198. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.01.025. PMID 16530703
- ↑ Yoshiro Ishimaru, Hitoshi Inada, Momoka Kubota, Hanyi Zhuang, Makoto Tominaga and Hiroaki Matsunami (2006). "Transient receptor potential family members PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 form a candidate sour taste receptor". PNAS 103 (33): 12569–12574. Bibcode 2006PNAS..10312569I. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602702103
- ↑ Stephanie Planque, Yasuhiro Nishiyama, Hiroaki Taguchi, Maria Salas, Carl Hanson and Sudhir Paul (2008). "Catalytic antibodies to HIV: Physiological role and potential clinical utility". Autoimmunity Reviews 7 (6): 473–479. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.04.002. PMC 2527403. PMID 18558365. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527403/
- ↑ Mátés L, Chuah MK, Belay E, Jerchow B, Manoj N, Acosta-Sanchez A, Grzela DP, Schmitt A, Becker K, Matrai J, Ma L, Samara-Kuko E, Gysemans C, Pryputniewicz D, Miskey C, Fletcher B, Vandendriessche T, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z. (2009). "Molecular evolution of a novel hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposase enables robust stable gene transfer in vertebrates". Nature Genetics 41 (6): 753–61. doi:10.1038/ng.343. PMID 19412179
- ↑ Gemenetzidis E, Costea ED, Parkinson EK, Waseem A, Wan H, Teh MT. (2010). "Induction of Human Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Expansion by FOXM1". Cancer Research 70 (22): 9515–26. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2173. PMC 3044465. PMID 21062979. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044465/
- ↑ Molecule of the Year 2010: http://ismcbbpr.synthasite.com/molyearnews.php
- ↑ tiskovno priopćenje Sveučilišta kraljice Marije u Londonu: http://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/items/smd/44466.html
- ↑ tiskovno priopćenje: http://www.biotechniques.com/news/2010-Molecule-of-the-Year/biotechniques-311295.html
- ↑ http://www.scientistsolutions.com/t23427-announcing+ismcbbpr_s+molecule+of+the+year+2011.html scientistsolutions.com
- ↑ Spann NJ, Garmire LX, McDonald JG, Myers DS, Milne SB, Shibata N, Reichart D, Fox JN, Shaked I, Heudobler D, Raetz CR, Wang EW, Kelly SL, Sullards MC, Murphy RC, Merrill AH Jr, Brown HA, Dennis EA, Li AC, Ley K, Tsimikas S, Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Quehenberger O, Russell DW, Glass CK. (2012). "Regulated accumulation of desmosterol integrates macrophage lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses". Cell 151 (1): 138-152. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.054. PMID 23021221
- ↑ Michael Balter (1996). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease". Science 274 (5295): 1988–1991. Bibcode 1996Sci...274.1988.. doi:10.1126/science.274.5295.1988
- ↑ Elizabeth Pennisi (1997). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared". Science 278 (5346): 2038–2039. Bibcode 1997Sci...278.2038P. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2038
- ↑ James Glanz (1998). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed". Science 282 (5397): 2156–2157. Bibcode 1998Sci...282.2156G. doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2156a
- ↑ Gretchen Vogel (1999). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth". Science 286 (5448): 2238–2239. doi:10.1126/science.286.5448.2238. PMID 10636772
- ↑ Elizabeth Pennisi (2000). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age". Science 290 (5500): 2220–2221. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2220. PMID 11188701
- ↑ Robert F. Service (2001). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired". Science 294 (5551): 2442–2443. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2442. PMID 11752536
- ↑ Jennifer Couzin (2002). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash". Science 298 (5602): 2296–2297. doi:10.1126/science.298.5602.2296. PMID 12493875
- ↑ Charles Seife (2003). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe". Science 302 (5653): 2038–2039. doi:10.1126/science.302.5653.2038. PMID 14684787
- ↑ Richard A. Kerr (2004). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life". Science 306 (5704): 2010–2012. doi:10.1126/science.306.5704.2010. PMID 15604365
- ↑ Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi (2005). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action". Science 310 (5756): 1878–1879. doi:10.1126/science.310.5756.1878. PMID 16373538
- ↑ Dana Mackenzie (2006). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved". Science 314 (5807): 1848–1849. doi:10.1126/science.314.5807.1848. PMID 17185565
- ↑ Elizabeth Pennisi (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation". Science 318 (5858): 1842–1843. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1842. PMID 18096770
- ↑ Gretchen Vogel (2008). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells". Science 322 (5909): 1766–1767. doi:10.1126/science.322.5909.1766. PMID 19095902
- ↑ Ann Gibbons (2009). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Ardipithecus ramidus". Science 326 (5960): 1598–1599. Bibcode 2009Sci...326.1598G. doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a
- ↑ Adrian Cho (2010). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The First Quantum Machine". Science 330 (6011): 1604. Bibcode 2010Sci...330.1604C. doi:10.1126/science.330.6011.1604
- ↑ Jon Cohen (2011). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. HIV Treatment as Prevention". Science 334 (6063): 1628. Bibcode 2011Sci...334.1628C. doi:10.1126/science.334.6063.1628. PMID 22194547
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