Sarbecovirus

SARS-CoV-2 je primjer Sarbecovirus skupine (SARSr-CoV).

Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom koronavirus (SARSr-CoV) ili Sarbecovirus je vrsta koronavirusa sa spobnosću zaraze ljudi, šišmiša i određene vrste sisara. To je omotani jednolančani RNK virus pozitivnog osjećaja koji ulazi u stanicu domaćina vezanjem na receptor enzima 2 (ACE2) za konverziju angiotenzina. Član je roda Betacoronavirus i subgena Sarbecoronavirus.^[1]^[2]

SARS coronavirus bio je jedan od nekoliko virusa koje je Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) 2016. identificirala kao vjerojatni uzrok buduće epidemije u novom planu razvijenom nakon epidemije ebole za hitna istraživanja i razvoj prije i tijekom epidemije prema dijagnostici testovi, cjepiva i lijekovi. Predviđanje se obistinilo pandemijom koronavirusa 2019.-20.

Porijeklo

Šišmiši služe kao glavni rezervoar domaćina za koronavirus povezan sa SARS-om. Virus se koevoluirao u rezervoaru domaćina šišmiša tijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja. Tek nedavno su evoluirali sojevi koronavirusa povezanih sa SARS-om i omogućili da vrsta vrsta preskoči sa slijepih miševa na ljude, kao u slučaju sojeva SARS-CoV i SARS-CoV-2. Oba ova soja potječu od jednog jedinog pretka, ali su križane vrste odvojeno skočile u ljude. SARS-CoV-2 nije izravni potomak SARS-CoV.^[3]^[4]

Morfologija

Morfologija koronavirusa povezanih sa SARS karakteristična je za obitelj koronavirusa u cjelini. Virusi su velike pleomorfne sferne čestice s bulbous površinskim izbočenjima koje tvore koronu oko čestica u elektronskim mikrografima. Veličina virusnih čestica je u rasponu od 80–90 nm. Ovojnica virusa u elektronskim mikrografima pojavljuje se kao poseban par elektronski gustih školjki.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Unutar ovojnice nalazi se nukleokapsid, koji je formiran od višestrukih kopija nukleokapsidnog (N) proteina, koji su vezani za jednolančani (približno 30 kb) genom RNK u neprekidnom RNK genomu u kontinuiranom zrncu-na- struna tipa strune. Ovojnica lipidnog dvosloja, membranski proteini i nukleokapsid štite virus kada je izvan domaćina.^[8]

Vidi još

Izvori

↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release" (engl.). listopada 2018. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ Pristupljeno 13. siječnja 2019.
↑ "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses 2 (8): 1804–20. kolovoza 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/. "Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein."
↑ "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses 2 (8): 1804–20. kolovoza 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/. "Furthermore, subsequent phylogenetic analysis using both complete genome sequence and proteomic approaches, it was concluded that SARSr-CoV is probably an early split-off from the Betacoronavirus lineage [1]; See Figure 2."
↑ "Coronaviridae - Figures - Positive Sense RNA Viruses - Positive Sense RNA Viruses (2011)" (engl.). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/posrna_viruses/223/coronaviridae-figures Pristupljeno 6. ožujka 2020.. "See Figure 2."
↑ The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 66. Academic Press. 1. siječnja 2006.. str. 193–292. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN 9780120398690. PMID 16877062. "Nevertheless, the interaction between S protein and receptor remains the principal, if not sole, determinant of coronavirus host species range and tissue tropism."
↑ "Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses". Nature Reviews. Microbiology 17 (3): 181–192. ožujka 2019. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PMC 7097006. PMID 30531947. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7097006/. "Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b)"
↑ "Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy". Journal of Virology 80 (16): 7918–28. kolovoza 2006. doi:10.1128/JVI.00645-06. PMC 1563832. PMID 16873249. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1563832/. "Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm; Also See Figure 1 for double shell."
↑ "A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology". Journal of Structural Biology 174 (1): 11–22. travnja 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021. PMC 4486061. PMID 21130884. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486061/. "See Figure 10."

[ICTV10-1] "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release" (engl.). listopada 2018. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ Pristupljeno 13. siječnja 2019.

[:02-2] "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses 2 (8): 1804–20. kolovoza 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/. "Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein."

[3] "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses 2 (8): 1804–20. kolovoza 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/. "Furthermore, subsequent phylogenetic analysis using both complete genome sequence and proteomic approaches, it was concluded that SARSr-CoV is probably an early split-off from the Betacoronavirus lineage [1]; See Figure 2."

[4] "Coronaviridae - Figures - Positive Sense RNA Viruses - Positive Sense RNA Viruses (2011)" (engl.). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/posrna_viruses/223/coronaviridae-figures Pristupljeno 6. ožujka 2020.. "See Figure 2."

[5] The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 66. Academic Press. 1. siječnja 2006.. str. 193–292. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN 9780120398690. PMID 16877062. "Nevertheless, the interaction between S protein and receptor remains the principal, if not sole, determinant of coronavirus host species range and tissue tropism."

[6] "Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses". Nature Reviews. Microbiology 17 (3): 181–192. ožujka 2019. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PMC 7097006. PMID 30531947. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7097006/. "Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b)"

[7] "Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy". Journal of Virology 80 (16): 7918–28. kolovoza 2006. doi:10.1128/JVI.00645-06. PMC 1563832. PMID 16873249. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1563832/. "Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm; Also See Figure 1 for double shell."

[8] "A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology". Journal of Structural Biology 174 (1): 11–22. travnja 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021. PMC 4486061. PMID 21130884. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486061/. "See Figure 10."

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