MKULTRA

Projekt MKULTRA, ili samo MK-ULTRA, je bila tajna šifra za nezakonitu, prikrivenu operaciju u režiji CIA-e kojom su se vodili pokusi nad ljudima. Pokuse je izvodio ured za znanstveno istraživanje. Program je započeo početkom 1950-ih, a trajao je barem do kasnih 1960-ih, te je koristio američke i kanadske državljane kao "pokusne kuniće".^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Dosad objavljeni dokumenti upućuju na to da su se ti pokusi sastojali od pokušaja upravljanja mentalnim stanjima ljudi i mijenjanja funkcija mozga putem droga i ostalih kemikalija, hipnoze,^[5] deprivacije osjetila, izolacije, verbalnog i seksualnog zlostavljanja te različitih oblika mučenja.

Projekt MKULTRA je prvi put zadobio pažnju svjetske javnosti 1975. putem Kongresa SAD-a nakon istraživanja povjerenstva Church i Rockefeller o nezakonitim radnjama CIA-e i FBI-a. Istraživanje je otežano nakon što je 1973. ravnatelj CIA-e, Richard Helms, naredio da se svi dokumenti o MKULTRI unište; povjerenstvo Church i Rockefeller stoga se moralo osloniti na izjave svjedoka koji su sujedlovali u MKULTRI i dokumentima koji su preživjeli uništavanje podataka.^[6]

1977., zakon o slobodi informacija je omogućio otkrivanje 20,000 dokumenata^[7] povezanih sa projektom MKULTRA, koji je vodio do saslušanja u Senatu te godine.^[2] Do danas, većina informacija o ovom programu je deklasificirana.

Iako CIA navodi da su pokusi po uzoru na MKULTRA napušteni, veteran CIA-e Victor Marchetti je izjavio u raznim intervjuima da ta organizacija rutinski provodi dezinformaciju za javnost te da se istraživanje kontrole uma nastavlja. U intervjuu 1977., Marchetti je izjavio da je službeni stav CIA-e o napuštanju MKULTRE "lažna priča".^[8]^[9]

Tijekom svojeg govora u Senatu 1977, zastupnik Ted Kennedy je rekao sljedeće:

„Zamjenik ravnatelja CIA-e je otkrio da je preko 30 sveučilišta i institucija sudjelovalo u "iscrpnim pokusima i testiranju" u sklopu programa koji je uključio tajno testiranje droge nad neupućenim građanima "svih društvenih slojeva, visokih i niskih, američkih državljana i stranaca." Nekoliko ovih pokusa uključivalo je i davanje LSD-a "neupućenim građanima u društvenim situacijama." Barem jedna smrt, ona Dr. Franka Olsona, je izravno nastala zbog tih pokusa. I sama CIA je izjavila da su ovi pokusi imali malo znanstvenog smisla. Agenti koji su vršili nadzor nisi bili kvaificirani znanstveni promatrači.^[10]”

Izvori

↑ Richelson, JT (ed.) (10. rujan 2001.). "Science, Technology and the CIA: A National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book". George Washington University. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/ Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2009.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 "Project MKULTRA, the CIA's Program of Research into Behavioral Modification. Joint Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United State Senate, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session". U.S. Government Printing Office (copy hosted at the New York Times website). 8. kolovoz 1977.. http://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/national/13inmate_ProjectMKULTRA.pdf Pristupljeno 18. travanj 2010.
↑ "Chapter 3, part 4: Supreme Court Dissents Invoke the Nuremberg Code: CIA and DOD Human Subjects Research Scandals". Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Final Report. http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap3_4.html Pristupljeno 24. kolovoz 2005.
↑ "The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence". Church Committee report, no. 94-755, 94th Cong., 2d Sess.. Washington, D.C..: United States Congress. 1976. str. 392. http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/book1/html/ChurchB1_0200b.htm
↑ Dick Russell (2008). On the trail of the JFK assassins. Skyhorse Publishing. str. 273. http://books.google.com/books?id=zMOG0qERuksC&pg=PA273&lpg=PA273&dq=MKULTRA+hypnosis&source=bl&ots=dlLGgJWt_i&sig=yJRTDpj-kMZKFHxMCKdrdyMEHFE&hl=en&ei=OF7BTavuJYPEvgPdjeWkBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ6AEwADg8#v=onepage&q=MKULTRA%20hypnosis&f=false
↑ "An Interview with Richard Helms". CIA. 8. svibanj 2007.. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/docs/v44i4a07p_0021.htm Pristupljeno 16. ožujak 2008.
↑ "Government Mind Control Records of MKULTRA & Bluebird/Artichoke". Wanttoknow.info. http://www.wanttoknow.info/mindcontrol10pg#ciadocs/ Pristupljeno 26. ožujak 2010.
↑ "Interview with Victor Marchetti". http://www.skepticfiles.org/socialis/marcheti.htm Pristupljeno 22. kolovoz 2009.
↑ Cannon, M (1992). "Mind Control and the American Government". Lobster Magazine 23
↑ "Opening Remarks by Senator Ted Kennedy". U.S. Senate Select Committee On Intelligence, and Subcommittee On Health And Scientific Research of the Committee On Human Resources. 3. kolovoz 1977.. http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/e1950/mkultra/Hearing01.htm

Vanjske poveznice

[1] Richelson, JT (ed.) (10. rujan 2001.). "Science, Technology and the CIA: A National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book". George Washington University. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/ Pristupljeno 12. lipanj 2009.

[nytimes.com-2] 2,0 ^2,1 "Project MKULTRA, the CIA's Program of Research into Behavioral Modification. Joint Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United State Senate, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session". U.S. Government Printing Office (copy hosted at the New York Times website). 8. kolovoz 1977.. http://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/national/13inmate_ProjectMKULTRA.pdf Pristupljeno 18. travanj 2010.

[3] "Chapter 3, part 4: Supreme Court Dissents Invoke the Nuremberg Code: CIA and DOD Human Subjects Research Scandals". Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Final Report. http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap3_4.html Pristupljeno 24. kolovoz 2005.

[4] "The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence". Church Committee report, no. 94-755, 94th Cong., 2d Sess.. Washington, D.C..: United States Congress. 1976. str. 392. http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/book1/html/ChurchB1_0200b.htm

[5] Dick Russell (2008). On the trail of the JFK assassins. Skyhorse Publishing. str. 273. http://books.google.com/books?id=zMOG0qERuksC&pg=PA273&lpg=PA273&dq=MKULTRA+hypnosis&source=bl&ots=dlLGgJWt_i&sig=yJRTDpj-kMZKFHxMCKdrdyMEHFE&hl=en&ei=OF7BTavuJYPEvgPdjeWkBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ6AEwADg8#v=onepage&q=MKULTRA%20hypnosis&f=false

[Cia-6] "An Interview with Richard Helms". CIA. 8. svibanj 2007.. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/docs/v44i4a07p_0021.htm Pristupljeno 16. ožujak 2008.

[Wanttoknow.info-7] "Government Mind Control Records of MKULTRA & Bluebird/Artichoke". Wanttoknow.info. http://www.wanttoknow.info/mindcontrol10pg#ciadocs/ Pristupljeno 26. ožujak 2010.

[8] "Interview with Victor Marchetti". http://www.skepticfiles.org/socialis/marcheti.htm Pristupljeno 22. kolovoz 2009.

[9] Cannon, M (1992). "Mind Control and the American Government". Lobster Magazine 23

[10] "Opening Remarks by Senator Ted Kennedy". U.S. Senate Select Committee On Intelligence, and Subcommittee On Health And Scientific Research of the Committee On Human Resources. 3. kolovoz 1977.. http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/e1950/mkultra/Hearing01.htm

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