Lamarkizam (ili Lamarckovo nasljeđivanje), ideja da organizam karakteristike koje je stekao za života može prenijeti na svoje potomstvo (znana kao i heritabilnost stečenih karakteristika ili mekano nasljeđivanje). Ime je dobio po francuskom biologu Jean-Baptisteu Lamarcku (1744. – 1829.), koji je inkorporirao djelovanje mekanog nasljeđivanja u svoje evolucijske teorije kao dodatak svojem konceptu inherentno progresivne tendencije koja tjera organizme stalno k većoj kompleksnosti, u paralelnim no odvojenim lozama bez ikakva izumiranja. Lamarck nije prvi osmislio ideju mekanog nasljeđivanja, koja predlaže da su individualni napori za života organizama glavni mehanizam koji goni vrste na adaptaciju, pri čemu bi oni navodno stekli adaptivne promjene i prenijeli ih na potomstvo.
Kada je Charles Darwin objavio svoju teoriju evolucije prirodnom selekcijom u O porijeklu vrsta, nastavio je davati povjerenje u ono što je nazivao "nasljeđivanjem uporabe i neuporabe", no odbacio je ostale aspekte Lamarckovih teorija. Poslije je Mendelova genetika nadomjestila zamisao nasljeđivanja stečenih crta što je naposljetku dovelo do razvoja moderne evolucijske sinteze i općeg napuštanja lamarkističke teorije evolucije u biologiji. Unatoč tomu napuštanju zanimanje za lamarkizam se nastavilo (2009.) kada su istraživanja na polju epigenetike rasvijetlila moguće nasljeđivanje bihevioralnih crta koje je stekla prethodna generacija.[1][2][3][4]
Više informacija
Izvori
- ↑ Roth, Tania L.; Lubin, Farah D.; Funk, Adam J.; Sweatt, J. David (2009). "Lasting Epigenetic Influence of Early-Life Adversity on the BDNF Gene". Biological Psychiatry 65 (9): 760–9. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.028. PMC 3056389. PMID 19150054. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056389/
- ↑ Arai, J. A.; Li, S.; Hartley, D. M.; Feig, L. A. (2009). "Transgenerational Rescue of a Genetic Defect in Long-Term Potentiation and Memory Formation by Juvenile Enrichment". Journal of Neuroscience 29 (5): 1496–502. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5057-08.2009. PMC 3408235. PMID 19193896. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408235/
- ↑ Hackett, JA; Sengupta, R, Zylicz, JJ, Murakami, K, Lee, C, Down, T, Surani, MA (2013). "Germline DNA demethylation dynamics and imprint erasure through 5-hydroxymethylcytosine". Science. doi:10.1126/science.1229277. PMID 23223451
- ↑ Bonduriansky, R. (2012). Rethinking heredity, again. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27: 330-336.
Preporučena literatura
- Burkeman, Oliver. Why everything you've been told about evolution is wrong. The Guardian, 19. ožujka 2010.
- Cook, George M. (prosinac 1999.). "Neo-Lamarckian Experimentalism in America: Origins and Consequences". The Quarterly Review of Biology 74 (4): 417–37. doi:10.1086/394112. JSTOR 2664721. PMID 10672643
- Cunningham, J. T. (2009). "Additional Evidence on the Influence of Light in producing Pigments on the Lower Sides of Flat Fishes". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 4: 53. doi:10.1017/S0025315400050761
- Desmond, Adrian (1989). The Politics of Evolution: Morphology, Medicine, and Reform in Radical London. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-14374-0
- Gould, Stephen J. (2002). The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Harvard: Belknap Harvard. str. 170–197 on Lamarck. ISBN 0-674-00613-5
- Medawar, Peter (1959). "The threat and the glory". BBC Reith Lectures No. 6.
- Molino, Jean (2001). "Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Music and Language". Unutar Wallin, Nils L.; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven. The Origins of Music. Cambridge: The MIT Press. str. 165–76. ISBN 978-0-262-73143-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=vYQEakqM4I0C&pg=PA165
- Waddington, Conrad. (1961). "The human evolutionary system". In: Michael Banton (Ed.), Darwinism and the Study of Society. London: Tavistock.
- Seki, Yoshiyuki (2013). Groszmann, Roberto J; Iwakiri, Yasuko; Taddei, Tamar H. eds. "Serum-mediated transgenerational effects on sperm: Evidence for lamarckian inheritance?". Hepatology 57 (4): 1663–5. doi:10.1002/hep.26240. PMID 23568276
- Honeywill, Ross (2008). Lamarck's Evolution: two centuries of genius and jealousy. Murdoch Books, Sydney See website
- Fecht, Sarah. (2011). Longevity Shown for First Time to Be Inherited via a Non-DNA Mechanism. Scientific American.
- Ward, Lester Frank. (1891). Neo-Darwinism and Neo-Lamarckism. Washington Biological Society, Proceedings, VI.
- Jablonka, Eva. Lamb, Marion. (2008). The Epigenome in Evolution: Beyond The Modern Synthesis. VOGis Herald. Volume 12: 242–254.
- Persell, Stuart. (1999). Neo-Lamarckism and the evolution controversy in France, 1870-1920. Edwin Mellen Press.
- Burkhardt, R. W. (2013). "Lamarck, Evolution, and the Inheritance of Acquired Characters". Genetics 194 (4): 793–805. doi:10.1534/genetics.113.151852. PMC 3730912. PMID 23908372. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730912/
- Burkhardt, Richard. (1995). The Spirit of System: Lamarck and Evolutionary Biology. Harvard University Press.
- Madaule, Madeleine Barthélemy. (1982). Lamarck, the Mythical Precursor. Mit Press.
- Liu, Yongsheng (2007). "Like father like son. A fresh review of the inheritance of acquired characteristics". EMBO reports 8 (9): 798–803. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401060. PMC 1973965. PMID 17767188. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1973965/
- Gissis, Snait. Jablonka, Eva. Zeligowski, Anna. (2011). Transformations of Lamarckism: From Subtle Fluids to Molecular Biology. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262015141
- Peng, Wayne (2011). "Lamarckian viral defense in worms". Nature Genetics 44: 15. doi:10.1038/ng.1062
- Pennisi, E. (2013). "Evolution Heresy? Epigenetics Underlies Heritable Plant Traits". Science 341 (6150): 1055. doi:10.1126/science.341.6150.1055. PMID 24009370
Vanjske poveznice
- Nonsense in Schoolbooks - The Imaginary Lamarck: Michael T. Ghiselin prepričava Lamarckovo doba i pisanja.
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck : works and heritage: englesko-francusko mrežno mjesto koje uređuje Pietro Corsi (Oxford Univ.), a omogućuje CNRS (France - IT team of CRHST). Ovo mrežno mjesto sadrži sve knjige, tekstove, rukopise i Lamarckov herbarij.
- Guralnick, Rob, et. al (2006). "Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)". A History of Evolutionary Thought. University of California Museum of Paleontology. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/lamarck.html Pristupljeno 3. srpnja 2010.
- The Sins of the Fathers, Take 2: "At tributes to Darwin, Lamarckism — inheritance of acquired traits — will be the skunk at the party." Sharon Begley, Newsweek, 17. siječnja 2009., iz izdanja magazina datiranog 26. siječnja 2009.
- Essay on Meta-Lamarckism, Ross Honeywill