Stupanj iskorištenja raznih izvora svjetlosti
Izvor: Hrvatska internetska enciklopedija
Svjetlosna učinkovitost ili luminacijska efektnost (oznaka η) je fotometrijska fizikalna veličina kojom se opisuje učinak određenih frekvencija elektromagnetskih valova na ljudski osjet vida; omjer je svjetlosnog toka Фs i toka zračenja Ф, to jest:
Najveća je svjetlosna učinkovitost (683 lm/W) žutozelene svjetlosti, valne duljine 555 nm. Mjerna jedinica svjetlosne učinkovitosti jest lumen po vatu (lm/W). [1]
Stupanj iskorištenja raznih izvora svjetlosti
Stupanj iskorištenja izvora svjetlosti, za umjetnu rasvjetu, je bezdimenzionalni odnos između svjetlosnog toka (sim. Φ; jed. lm) koje emitira svjetlo i ulazne električne snage (sim. P; jed. W), koje to svjetlo troši.
Kategorija |
Vrsta |
Ukupna luminozitetna efikasnost (lm/W) |
Ukupan stupanj iskorištenja[2] |
---|---|---|---|
Izgaranje | svijeća | 0,3[3] | 0,04% |
stare ulične plinske svjetiljke | 1–2[4] | 0,15–0,3% | |
električna žarulja | 100–200 W vofram električna žarulja (230 V) | 13,8[5]–15.2[6] | 2,0–2,2% |
100–200–500 W halogena volfram žarulja (230 V) | 16,7[7]–17.6[6]–19.8[6] | 2,4–2,6–2,9% | |
5–40–100 W vofram električna žarulja (120 V) | 5–12,6[8]–17.5[8] | 0,7–1,8–2,6% | |
2,6 W halogena volfram žarulja (5,2 V) | 19,2[9] | 2,8% | |
volfram kvarc halogena (12–24 V) | 24 | 3,5% | |
fotografske i projekcione svjetiljke | 35[10] | 5,1% | |
Svjetleća dioda - LED | bijela LED (sirova, bez napajanja) | 4,5–150 [11][12][13][14] | 0,66–22,0% |
4,1 W LED Edisonov navoj (120 V) | 58,5–82,9[15] | 8.6–12.1% | |
6,9 W LED svjetiljka s navojem (120 V) | 55,1–81,9[15] | 8,1–12,0% | |
7 W LED PAR20-par.al.reflektor (120 V) | 28,6[16] | 4,2% | |
8,7 W LED svjetiljka s navojem (120 V) | 69,0–93,1[15][17] | 10,1–13,6% | |
Teoretska granica | 260,0–300,0[18] | 38,1–43,9% | |
Lučna svjetiljka | ksenon lučna svjetiljka | 30–50[19][20] | 4,4–7,3% |
živa-ksenon lučna svjetiljka | 50–55[19] | 7,3–8,0% | |
Fluorescentna svjetiljka | T12 cijev s magnetskom prigušnicom | 60[21] | 9% |
9–32 W štedna žarulja | 46–75[22][23][6] | 8–11,45%[24] | |
T8 cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | 80–100[21] | 12–15% | |
PL-S 11W U-cijev s tradicionalnom prigušnicom | 82[25] | 12% | |
T5 svjetiljka | 70–104,2[26][27] | 10–15,63% | |
Spiralna cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | 114-124,3[28] | 15–18% | |
Tinjalica | 1400 W sumporna svjetiljka | 100[29] | 15% |
metalna halidna svjetiljka | 65–115[30] | 9,5–17% | |
Natrijeva svjetiljka s visokim pritiskom | 85–150[6] | 12–22% | |
Natrijeva svjetiljka s niskim pritiskom | 100–200[31][32][6] | 15–29% | |
Katodnaluminescencija | elektronski stimulirana luminescencija | 30[33] | 5% |
Idealni izvor | usječeno 5800 K crno tijelo | 251 | 37% |
Zeleno svjetlo kod 555 nm (maksimalno moguća iskoristljivost) | 683,002 | 100% |
Izvori
- ↑ svjetlosna učinkovitost (luminacijska efektnost), [1] "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.
- ↑ Defined such that the maximum value possible is 100%.
- ↑ 1 candela*4π steradians/40 W
- ↑ Westermaier, F. V. (1920). "Recent Developments in Gas Street Lighting". The American City (New York: Civic Press) 22 (5): 490. http://books.google.com/?id=rWxLAAAAMAAJ&dq=mantle%20lamp&pg=PA490#v=onepage&q=mantle%20lamp
- ↑ Bulbs: Gluehbirne.ch: Philips Standard Lamps (German)
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 Philips Product Catalog (German)
- ↑ cite web |url=http://www.osram.de/_global/pdf/osram_de/tools_services/downloads/allgemeinbeleuchtung/halogenlampen/haloluxhalopar.pdf |title=Osram halogen |work=www.osram.de |language=German |accessdate=2008-01-28|format=PDF| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071107054500/http://www.osram.de/_global/pdf/osram_de/tools_services/downloads/allgemeinbeleuchtung/halogenlampen/haloluxhalopar.pdf%7C archivedate = November 7, 2007
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Keefe, T.J. (2007). "The Nature of Light". http://www.ccri.edu/physics/keefe/light.htm Pristupljeno 5. studeni 2007.
- ↑ "Osram Miniwatt-Halogen". www.ts-audio.biz. http://www.ts-audio.biz/tsshop/WGS/411/PRD/LFH0324408/Osram_6406330_500mA_52V_E10_BLK1_MINIWATT-Halogen-Gluehlampe_f.Taschenl..htm Pristupljeno 28. siječanj 2008. June 2008
- ↑ Klipstein, Donald L. (1996). "The Great Internet Light Bulb Book, Part I". http://freespace.virgin.net/tom.baldwin/bulbguide.html Pristupljeno 16. travanj 2006.
- ↑ White LED Offers Broad Temp Range And Color Yield Electronicdesign Otherwise see:Google Cache
- ↑ "Nichia NSPWR70CSS-K1 specifications" (pdf). Nichia Corp.. http://www.nichia.co.jp/specification/led_09/NSPWR70CSS-K1-E.pdf Pristupljeno 26. travanj 2009. September 2010|bot=H3llBot
- ↑ Klipstein, Donald L.. "The Brightest and Most Efficient LEDs and where to get them". Don Klipstein's Web Site. http://members.misty.com/don/led.html#ln Pristupljeno 15. siječanj 2008.
- ↑ "Cree XLamp XP-G LEDs Data Sheet". http://www.cree.com/Products/pdf/XLampXP-G.pdf Claims 132 lm/W.
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Toshiba E-CORE LED Lamp
- ↑ GE 73716 7-Watt Energy Smart PAR20 LED Light Bulb
- ↑ Toshiba to release 93 lm/W LED bulb Ledrevie
- ↑ White LEDs with super-high luminous efficacy physorg.com
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 "Technical Information on Lamps" (pdf). Optical Building Blocks. http://www.pti-nj.com/products/High-Speed-Spectrofluorometer/TechNotes/TechnicalInformationLamps.pdf Pristupljeno 1. svibanj 2010. Note that the figure of 150 lm/W given for xenon lamps appears to be a typo. The page contains other useful information.
- ↑ OSRAM Sylvania Lamp and Ballast Catalog. 2007
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Federal Energy Management Program (December 2000). How to buy an energy-efficient fluorescent tube lampHow to buy an energy-efficient fluorescent tube lamp, U.S. Department of Energy.
- ↑ "Low Mercury CFLs". Energy Federation Incorporated. http://www.energyfederation.org/consumer/default.php/cPath/25_44_3006 Pristupljeno 23. prosinac 2008.
- ↑ "Conventional CFLs". Energy Federation Incorporated. http://www.energyfederation.org/consumer/default.php/cPath/25_44_784 Pristupljeno 23. prosinac 2008.
- ↑ "Global bulbs". 1000Bulbs.com accessdate=2010-2-20. http://www.1000bulbs.com/32-Watt-Compact-Fluorescents/37889/ |
- ↑ Phillips. "Phillips Master". http://skinflint.co.uk/a416644.html Pristupljeno 21. prosinac 2010.
- ↑ Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australia. "Energy Labelling—Lamps". http://www.energyrating.gov.au/appsearch/download.asp Pristupljeno 14. kolovoz 2008.
- ↑ "1000bulbs.com". 1000Bulbs.com. http://www.1000bulbs.com/F35T5-6500K/39598/ Pristupljeno 20. veljača 2010.
- ↑ Panasonic. "Panasonic Spiral Fluorescent". http://panasonic.co.jp/corp/news/official.data/data.dir/jn100609-1/jn100609-1.html Pristupljeno 27. rujan 2010.
- ↑ "1000-watt sulfur lamp now ready". IAEEL newsletter (IAEEL) (1). 1996. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 18 kolovoza 2003. http://www.iaeel.org/IAEEL/iaeel/newsl/1996/ett1996/LiTech_b_1_96.html Pristupljeno 2 ožujka 2011
- ↑ "The Metal Halide Advantage". Venture Lighting. 2007. http://www.venturelighting.com/TechCenter/Metal-Halide-TechIntro.html Pristupljeno 10. kolovoz 2008.
- ↑ "LED or Neon? A scientific comparison". http://www.signweb.com/index.php/channel/12/id/138/
- ↑ "Why is lightning coloured? (gas excitations)". http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/4.html
- ↑ ""Vu1 ESL™ R-30 Energy Efficient Light Bulb Specifications"". http://www.vu1corporation.com/eslupdate/