Intel 8086

Intel 8086 procesor

Intel 8086 ime je za 16-bitni mikroprocesor kojeg je razvila američka tvrtka Intel 1976. godine, ovaj mikroprocesor je temelj standarnom industrijskom mikroprocesoru x86. Slabija inačica Intel 8088 s 8-bitnom vanjskom podatkovnom sabirnicom korišten je za prvo IBM PC računalo. Razlog zašto je 8088 korišten za prvi PC bili su jeftiniji i dostupniji 8-bitni memorijski čipovi.

Tehnički podaci

• Takt: 4,77 do 10 MHZ
• Broj tranzistora: 29.000
• Tehnologija: NMOS, CMOS, HMOS
• Kućište: DIP 40 iglica
• Adresna sabirnica: 20-bita (1MB)
• Podatkovna sabirnica: 16-bita
• Broj naredbi: 117

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Popis strojnih naredbi 8086 procesora

Instruction	Meaning	Notes
AAA	ASCII adjust AL after addition	used with unpacked binary coded decimal
AAD	ASCII adjust AX before division	buggy in the original instruction set, but "fixed" in the NEC V20, causing a number of incompatibilites
AAM	ASCII adjust AX after multiplication
AAS	ASCII adjust AL after subtraction
ADC	Add with carry
ADD	Add
AND	Logical AND
CALL	Call procedure
CBW	Convert byte to word
CLC	Clear carry flag
CLD	Clear direction flag
CLI	Clear interrupt flag
CMC	Complement carry flag
CMP	Compare operands
CMPSB	Compare bytes in memory
CMPSW	Compare words
CWD	Convert word to doubleword
DAA	Decimal adjust AL after addition	(used with packed binary coded decimal)
DAS	Decimal adjust AL after subtraction
DEC	Decrement by 1
DIV	Unsigned divide
ESC	Used with floating-point unit
HLT	Enter halt state
IDIV	Signed divide
IMUL	Signed multiply
IN	Input from port
INC	Increment by 1
INT	Call to interrupt
INTO	Call to interrupt if overflow
IRET	Return from interrupt
Jxx	Jump if condition	(JA, JAE, JB, JBE, JC, JCXZ, JE, JG, JGE, JL, JLE, JNA, JNAE, JNB, JNBE, JNC, JNE, JNG, JNGE, JNL, JNLE, JNO, JNP, JNS, JNZ, JO, JP, JPE, JPO, JS, JZ)
JMP	Jump
LAHF	Load flags into AH register
LDS	Load pointer using DS
LEA	Load Effective Address
LES	Load ES with pointer
LOCK	Assert BUS LOCK# signal	(for multiprocessing)
LODSB	Load byte
LODSW	Load word
LOOP/LOOPx	Loop control	(LOOPE, LOOPNE, LOOPNZ, LOOPZ)
MOV	Move
MOVSB	Move byte from string to string
MOVSW	Move word from string to string
MUL	Unsigned multiply
NEG	Two's complement negation
NOP	No operation
NOT	Negate the operand, logical NOT
OR	Logical OR
OUT	Output to port
POP	Pop data from stack
POPF	Pop data into flags register
PUSH	Push data onto stack
PUSHF	Push flags onto stack
RCL	Rotate left (with carry)
RCR	Rotate right (with carry)
REPxx	Repeat CMPS/MOVS/SCAS/STOS	(REP, REPE, REPNE, REPNZ, REPZ)
RET	Return from procedure
RETN	Return from near procedure
RETF	Return from far procedure
ROL	Rotate left
ROR	Rotate right
SAHF	Store AH into flags
SAL	Shift Arithmetically left (multiply)
SAR	Shift Arithmetically right (signed divide)
SBB	Subtraction with borrow
SCASB	Compare byte string
SCASW	Compare word string
SHL	Shift left (multiply)
SHR	Shift right (unsigned divide)
STC	Set carry flag
STD	Set direction flag
STI	Set interrupt flag
STOSB	Store byte in string
STOSW	Store word in string
SUB	Subtraction
TEST	Logical compare (AND)
WAIT	Wait until not busy	Waits until BUSY# pin is inactive (used with floating-point unit)
XCHG	Exchange data
XLAT	Table look-up translation
XOR	Exclusive OR