Stupanj iskorištenja raznih izvora svjetlosti: razlika između inačica
Izvor: Hrvatska internetska enciklopedija
m Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite news +{{Citiranje novina) |
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| Redak 34: | Redak 34: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|5–40–100 W vofram električna žarulja (120 V) | |5–40–100 W vofram električna žarulja (120 V) | ||
|5–12,6<ref name="incandescent">{{ | |5–12,6<ref name="incandescent">{{Citiranje web | title=The Nature of Light| last=Keefe| first=T.J.| year=2007| url=http://www.ccri.edu/physics/keefe/light.htm | accessdate=2007-11-05}}</ref>–17.5<ref name="incandescent"/> | ||
|0,7–1,8–2,6% | |0,7–1,8–2,6% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2,6 W halogena volfram žarulja (5,2 V) | |2,6 W halogena volfram žarulja (5,2 V) | ||
|19,2<ref>{{ | |19,2<ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.ts-audio.biz/tsshop/WGS/411/PRD/LFH0324408/Osram_6406330_500mA_52V_E10_BLK1_MINIWATT-Halogen-Gluehlampe_f.Taschenl..htm |title=Osram Miniwatt-Halogen |work=www.ts-audio.biz |accessdate=2008-01-28}}June 2008</ref> | ||
|2,8% | |2,8% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Redak 46: | Redak 46: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|fotografske i projekcione svjetiljke | |fotografske i projekcione svjetiljke | ||
|35<ref name="bulbguide">{{ | |35<ref name="bulbguide">{{Citiranje web | author=Klipstein, Donald L.| year=1996 | title=The Great Internet Light Bulb Book, Part I | url=http://freespace.virgin.net/tom.baldwin/bulbguide.html | accessdate=2006-04-16}}</ref> | ||
|5,1% | |5,1% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="6" align="center" |[[Svjetleća dioda]] - LED | | rowspan="6" align="center" |[[Svjetleća dioda]] - LED | ||
|bijela LED (sirova, bez napajanja) | |bijela LED (sirova, bez napajanja) | ||
|4,5–150 <!-- Do not add values for experimental LEDs, unless the number is supported by a reference to a reliable, *independent* source. Manufacturer press releases are not independent sources! See:[[Talk:Luminous_efficacy#new_record_for_LED_efficiency]] --><ref>[http://electronicdesign.com/content.aspx?topic=white-led-offers-broad-temp-range-and-color-yield4&catpath=components White LED Offers Broad Temp Range And Color Yield] Electronicdesign ''' ''' Otherwise see:[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811012255/http://electronicdesign.com/article/components/white-led-offers-broad-temp-range-and-color-yield4.aspx Google Cache]</ref><ref>{{ | |4,5–150 <!-- Do not add values for experimental LEDs, unless the number is supported by a reference to a reliable, *independent* source. Manufacturer press releases are not independent sources! See:[[Talk:Luminous_efficacy#new_record_for_LED_efficiency]] --><ref>[http://electronicdesign.com/content.aspx?topic=white-led-offers-broad-temp-range-and-color-yield4&catpath=components White LED Offers Broad Temp Range And Color Yield] Electronicdesign ''' ''' Otherwise see:[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811012255/http://electronicdesign.com/article/components/white-led-offers-broad-temp-range-and-color-yield4.aspx Google Cache]</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.nichia.co.jp/specification/led_09/NSPWR70CSS-K1-E.pdf |title=Nichia NSPWR70CSS-K1 specifications |publisher=Nichia Corp. |format=pdf |accessdate=April 26, 2009}} September 2010|bot=H3llBot</ref><ref name="LED">{{Citiranje web | author=Klipstein, Donald L.| title=The Brightest and Most Efficient LEDs and where to get them | work=Don Klipstein's Web Site | url=http://members.misty.com/don/led.html#ln | accessdate=2008-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.cree.com/Products/pdf/XLampXP-G.pdf |title=Cree XLamp XP-G LEDs Data Sheet}} Claims 132 lm/W.</ref> | ||
|0,66–22,0% | |0,66–22,0% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Redak 76: | Redak 76: | ||
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Lučna svjetiljka | | rowspan="2" align="center" |Lučna svjetiljka | ||
|[[ksenon]] lučna svjetiljka | |[[ksenon]] lučna svjetiljka | ||
|30–50<ref name="xenon">{{ | |30–50<ref name="xenon">{{Citiranje web | title=Technical Information on Lamps | work=Optical Building Blocks | url=http://www.pti-nj.com/products/High-Speed-Spectrofluorometer/TechNotes/TechnicalInformationLamps.pdf | format=pdf|accessdate=2010-05-01}} Note that the figure of 150 lm/W given for xenon lamps appears to be a typo. The page contains other useful information.</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige|title=OSRAM Sylvania Lamp and Ballast Catalog|year=2007}}</ref> | ||
|4,4–7,3% | |4,4–7,3% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Redak 89: | Redak 89: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|9–32 W štedna žarulja | |9–32 W štedna žarulja | ||
|46–75<ref name="cf">{{ | |46–75<ref name="cf">{{Citiranje web | title=Low Mercury CFLs | url=http://www.energyfederation.org/consumer/default.php/cPath/25_44_3006 | publisher=Energy Federation Incorporated | accessdate=2008-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web | title=Conventional CFLs | url=http://www.energyfederation.org/consumer/default.php/cPath/25_44_784 | publisher=Energy Federation Incorporated | accessdate=2008-12-23}}</ref><ref name="philc"/> | ||
|8–11,45%<ref name="CF_efficiency">{{ | |8–11,45%<ref name="CF_efficiency">{{Citiranje web | title=Global bulbs | url=http://www.1000bulbs.com/32-Watt-Compact-Fluorescents/37889/ | publisher= 1000Bulbs.com accessdate=2010-2-20}}| </ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|T8 cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | |T8 cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | ||
| Redak 97: | Redak 97: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|PL-S 11W U-cijev s tradicionalnom prigušnicom | |PL-S 11W U-cijev s tradicionalnom prigušnicom | ||
| 82<ref name="U-tubes">{{ | | 82<ref name="U-tubes">{{Citiranje web | author=Phillips | title=Phillips Master | url=http://skinflint.co.uk/a416644.html | accessdate=2010-12-21}}</ref> | ||
| 12% | | 12% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|T5 svjetiljka | |T5 svjetiljka | ||
| 70–104,2<ref name="energyrating">{{ | | 70–104,2<ref name="energyrating">{{Citiranje web | author=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australia | title=Energy Labelling—Lamps | url=http://www.energyrating.gov.au/appsearch/download.asp | accessdate=2008-08-14}}</ref><ref name="Plusrite">{{Citiranje web | url=http://www.1000bulbs.com/F35T5-6500K/39598/ | publisher=1000Bulbs.com| accessdate=2010-2-20|title=1000bulbs.com}}</ref> | ||
| 10–15,63% | | 10–15,63% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Spiralna cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | |Spiralna cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | ||
| 114-124,3<ref name="spiraltubes">{{ | | 114-124,3<ref name="spiraltubes">{{Citiranje web | author=Panasonic | title=Panasonic Spiral Fluorescent | url=http://panasonic.co.jp/corp/news/official.data/data.dir/jn100609-1/jn100609-1.html | accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> | ||
| 15–18% | | 15–18% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Redak 114: | Redak 114: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|metalna halidna svjetiljka | |metalna halidna svjetiljka | ||
|65–115<ref>{{ | |65–115<ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.venturelighting.com/TechCenter/Metal-Halide-TechIntro.html |title=The Metal Halide Advantage |year=2007 |work=Venture Lighting |accessdate=2008-08-10}}</ref> | ||
|9,5–17% | |9,5–17% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Redak 122: | Redak 122: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Natrijeva svjetiljka s niskim pritiskom | |Natrijeva svjetiljka s niskim pritiskom | ||
|100–200<ref name="sodium">{{ | |100–200<ref name="sodium">{{Citiranje web|title=LED or Neon? A scientific comparison| url=http://www.signweb.com/index.php/channel/12/id/138/}}</ref><ref name="lightning">{{Citiranje web|url=http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/4.html|title=Why is lightning coloured? (gas excitations)}}</ref><ref name="philc"/> | ||
|15–29% | |15–29% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|Katodnaluminescencija | |align="center"|Katodnaluminescencija | ||
|elektronski stimulirana luminescencija | |elektronski stimulirana luminescencija | ||
|30<ref name="ELS">{{ | |30<ref name="ELS">{{Citiranje web|title="Vu1 ESL™ R-30 Energy Efficient Light Bulb Specifications"|url=http://www.vu1corporation.com/eslupdate/}}</ref> | ||
|5% | |5% | ||
|- | |- | ||
Posljednja izmjena od 8. prosinac 2021. u 08:49
Svjetlosna učinkovitost ili luminacijska efektnost (oznaka η) je fotometrijska fizikalna veličina kojom se opisuje učinak određenih frekvencija elektromagnetskih valova na ljudski osjet vida; omjer je svjetlosnog toka Фs i toka zračenja Ф, to jest:
Najveća je svjetlosna učinkovitost (683 lm/W) žutozelene svjetlosti, valne duljine 555 nm. Mjerna jedinica svjetlosne učinkovitosti jest lumen po vatu (lm/W). [1]
Stupanj iskorištenja raznih izvora svjetlosti
Stupanj iskorištenja izvora svjetlosti, za umjetnu rasvjetu, je bezdimenzionalni odnos između svjetlosnog toka (sim. Φ; jed. lm) koje emitira svjetlo i ulazne električne snage (sim. P; jed. W), koje to svjetlo troši.
| Kategorija |
Vrsta |
Ukupna luminozitetna efikasnost (lm/W) |
Ukupan stupanj iskorištenja[2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izgaranje | svijeća | 0,3[3] | 0,04% |
| stare ulične plinske svjetiljke | 1–2[4] | 0,15–0,3% | |
| električna žarulja | 100–200 W vofram električna žarulja (230 V) | 13,8[5]–15.2[6] | 2,0–2,2% |
| 100–200–500 W halogena volfram žarulja (230 V) | 16,7[7]–17.6[6]–19.8[6] | 2,4–2,6–2,9% | |
| 5–40–100 W vofram električna žarulja (120 V) | 5–12,6[8]–17.5[8] | 0,7–1,8–2,6% | |
| 2,6 W halogena volfram žarulja (5,2 V) | 19,2[9] | 2,8% | |
| volfram kvarc halogena (12–24 V) | 24 | 3,5% | |
| fotografske i projekcione svjetiljke | 35[10] | 5,1% | |
| Svjetleća dioda - LED | bijela LED (sirova, bez napajanja) | 4,5–150 [11][12][13][14] | 0,66–22,0% |
| 4,1 W LED Edisonov navoj (120 V) | 58,5–82,9[15] | 8.6–12.1% | |
| 6,9 W LED svjetiljka s navojem (120 V) | 55,1–81,9[15] | 8,1–12,0% | |
| 7 W LED PAR20-par.al.reflektor (120 V) | 28,6[16] | 4,2% | |
| 8,7 W LED svjetiljka s navojem (120 V) | 69,0–93,1[15][17] | 10,1–13,6% | |
| Teoretska granica | 260,0–300,0[18] | 38,1–43,9% | |
| Lučna svjetiljka | ksenon lučna svjetiljka | 30–50[19][20] | 4,4–7,3% |
| živa-ksenon lučna svjetiljka | 50–55[19] | 7,3–8,0% | |
| Fluorescentna svjetiljka | T12 cijev s magnetskom prigušnicom | 60[21] | 9% |
| 9–32 W štedna žarulja | 46–75[22][23][6] | 8–11,45%[24] | |
| T8 cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | 80–100[21] | 12–15% | |
| PL-S 11W U-cijev s tradicionalnom prigušnicom | 82[25] | 12% | |
| T5 svjetiljka | 70–104,2[26][27] | 10–15,63% | |
| Spiralna cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom | 114-124,3[28] | 15–18% | |
| Tinjalica | 1400 W sumporna svjetiljka | 100[29] | 15% |
| metalna halidna svjetiljka | 65–115[30] | 9,5–17% | |
| Natrijeva svjetiljka s visokim pritiskom | 85–150[6] | 12–22% | |
| Natrijeva svjetiljka s niskim pritiskom | 100–200[31][32][6] | 15–29% | |
| Katodnaluminescencija | elektronski stimulirana luminescencija | 30[33] | 5% |
| Idealni izvor | usječeno 5800 K crno tijelo | 251 | 37% |
| Zeleno svjetlo kod 555 nm (maksimalno moguća iskoristljivost) | 683,002 | 100% |
Izvori
- ↑ svjetlosna učinkovitost (luminacijska efektnost), [1] "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.
- ↑ Defined such that the maximum value possible is 100%.
- ↑ 1 candela*4π steradians/40 W
- ↑ Westermaier, F. V. (1920). "Recent Developments in Gas Street Lighting". The American City (New York: Civic Press) 22 (5): 490. http://books.google.com/?id=rWxLAAAAMAAJ&dq=mantle%20lamp&pg=PA490#v=onepage&q=mantle%20lamp
- ↑ Bulbs: Gluehbirne.ch: Philips Standard Lamps (German)
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 Philips Product Catalog (German)
- ↑ cite web |url=http://www.osram.de/_global/pdf/osram_de/tools_services/downloads/allgemeinbeleuchtung/halogenlampen/haloluxhalopar.pdf |title=Osram halogen |work=www.osram.de |language=German |accessdate=2008-01-28|format=PDF| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071107054500/http://www.osram.de/_global/pdf/osram_de/tools_services/downloads/allgemeinbeleuchtung/halogenlampen/haloluxhalopar.pdf%7C archivedate = November 7, 2007
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 {{
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