Sarbecovirus: razlika između inačica

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== Morfologija ==
== Morfologija ==


[[Morfologija]] [[Coronavirus|koronavirusa]] povezanih sa [[SARS]] karakteristična je za obitelj [[Coronaviridae|koronavirusa]] u cjelini. [[Virus|Virusi]] su velike pleomorfne sferne čestice s bulbous površinskim izbočenjima koje tvore koronu oko čestica u elektronskim mikrografima. Veličina virusnih čestica je u rasponu od 80–90 nm. Ovojnica virusa u elektronskim mikrografima pojavljuje se kao poseban par elektronski gustih školjki.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Masters PS | title = The molecular biology of coronaviruses | volume = 66 | pages = 193–292 | date = 2006-01-01 | pmid = 16877062 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3 | publisher = Academic Press | isbn = 9780120398690 | quote = Nevertheless, the interaction between S protein and receptor remains the principal, if not sole, determinant of coronavirus host species range and tissue tropism. | series = Advances in Virus Research }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL | title = Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses | journal = Nature Reviews. Microbiology | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 181–192 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30531947 | doi = 10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9 | pmc = 7097006 | quote = Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Neuman BW, Adair BD, Yoshioka C, Quispe JD, Orca G, Kuhn P, Milligan RA, Yeager M, Buchmeier MJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 80 | issue = 16 | pages = 7918–28 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16873249 | pmc = 1563832 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.00645-06 | quote = Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm; Also See Figure 1 for double shell. }}</ref>   
[[Morfologija]] [[Coronavirus|koronavirusa]] povezanih sa [[SARS]] karakteristična je za obitelj [[Coronaviridae|koronavirusa]] u cjelini. [[Virus|Virusi]] su velike pleomorfne sferne čestice s bulbous površinskim izbočenjima koje tvore koronu oko čestica u elektronskim mikrografima. Veličina virusnih čestica je u rasponu od 80–90 nm. Ovojnica virusa u elektronskim mikrografima pojavljuje se kao poseban par elektronski gustih školjki.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige | vauthors = Masters PS | title = The molecular biology of coronaviruses | volume = 66 | pages = 193–292 | date = 2006-01-01 | pmid = 16877062 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3 | publisher = Academic Press | isbn = 9780120398690 | quote = Nevertheless, the interaction between S protein and receptor remains the principal, if not sole, determinant of coronavirus host species range and tissue tropism. | series = Advances in Virus Research }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL | title = Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses | journal = Nature Reviews. Microbiology | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 181–192 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30531947 | doi = 10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9 | pmc = 7097006 | quote = Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Neuman BW, Adair BD, Yoshioka C, Quispe JD, Orca G, Kuhn P, Milligan RA, Yeager M, Buchmeier MJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 80 | issue = 16 | pages = 7918–28 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16873249 | pmc = 1563832 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.00645-06 | quote = Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm; Also See Figure 1 for double shell. }}</ref>   


Unutar ovojnice nalazi se nukleokapsid, koji je formiran od višestrukih kopija nukleokapsidnog (N) [[Protein|proteina]], koji su vezani za jednolančani (približno 30 kb) genom RNK u neprekidnom [[RNK]] [[Genom|genomu]] u kontinuiranom zrncu-na- struna tipa strune. Ovojnica lipidnog dvosloja, membranski proteini i [[Nukleokapsid|nukleokapsid]] štite [[Virus|virus]] kada je izvan domaćina.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Neuman BW, Kiss G, Kunding AH, Bhella D, Baksh MF, Connelly S, Droese B, Klaus JP, Makino S, Sawicki SG, Siddell SG, Stamou DG, Wilson IA, Kuhn P, Buchmeier MJ | display-authors = 6 | title = A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology | journal = Journal of Structural Biology | volume = 174 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–22 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21130884 | pmc = 4486061 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021 | quote = See Figure 10. }}</ref>
Unutar ovojnice nalazi se nukleokapsid, koji je formiran od višestrukih kopija nukleokapsidnog (N) [[Protein|proteina]], koji su vezani za jednolančani (približno 30 kb) genom RNK u neprekidnom [[RNK]] [[Genom|genomu]] u kontinuiranom zrncu-na- struna tipa strune. Ovojnica lipidnog dvosloja, membranski proteini i [[Nukleokapsid|nukleokapsid]] štite [[Virus|virus]] kada je izvan domaćina.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Neuman BW, Kiss G, Kunding AH, Bhella D, Baksh MF, Connelly S, Droese B, Klaus JP, Makino S, Sawicki SG, Siddell SG, Stamou DG, Wilson IA, Kuhn P, Buchmeier MJ | display-authors = 6 | title = A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology | journal = Journal of Structural Biology | volume = 174 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–22 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21130884 | pmc = 4486061 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021 | quote = See Figure 10. }}</ref>

Inačica od 2. siječanj 2022. u 20:50

SARS-CoV-2 je primjer Sarbecovirus skupine (SARSr-CoV).

Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom koronavirus (SARSr-CoV) ili Sarbecovirus je vrsta koronavirusa sa spobnosću zaraze ljudi, šišmiša i određene vrste sisara. To je omotani jednolančani RNK virus pozitivnog osjećaja koji ulazi u stanicu domaćina vezanjem na receptor enzima 2 (ACE2) za konverziju angiotenzina. Član je roda Betacoronavirus i subgena Sarbecoronavirus.[1][2]

SARS coronavirus bio je jedan od nekoliko virusa koje je Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) 2016. identificirala kao vjerojatni uzrok buduće epidemije u novom planu razvijenom nakon epidemije ebole za hitna istraživanja i razvoj prije i tijekom epidemije prema dijagnostici testovi, cjepiva i lijekovi. Predviđanje se obistinilo pandemijom koronavirusa 2019.-20.

Porijeklo

Šišmiši služe kao glavni rezervoar domaćina za koronavirus povezan sa SARS-om. Virus se koevoluirao u rezervoaru domaćina šišmiša tijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja. Tek nedavno su evoluirali sojevi koronavirusa povezanih sa SARS-om i omogućili da vrsta vrsta preskoči sa slijepih miševa na ljude, kao u slučaju sojeva SARS-CoV i SARS-CoV-2. Oba ova soja potječu od jednog jedinog pretka, ali su križane vrste odvojeno skočile u ljude. SARS-CoV-2 nije izravni potomak SARS-CoV.[3][4]

Morfologija

Morfologija koronavirusa povezanih sa SARS karakteristična je za obitelj koronavirusa u cjelini. Virusi su velike pleomorfne sferne čestice s bulbous površinskim izbočenjima koje tvore koronu oko čestica u elektronskim mikrografima. Veličina virusnih čestica je u rasponu od 80–90 nm. Ovojnica virusa u elektronskim mikrografima pojavljuje se kao poseban par elektronski gustih školjki.[5][6][7]

Unutar ovojnice nalazi se nukleokapsid, koji je formiran od višestrukih kopija nukleokapsidnog (N) proteina, koji su vezani za jednolančani (približno 30 kb) genom RNK u neprekidnom RNK genomu u kontinuiranom zrncu-na- struna tipa strune. Ovojnica lipidnog dvosloja, membranski proteini i nukleokapsid štite virus kada je izvan domaćina.[8]

Vidi još

Izvori

  1. ↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release" (engl.). listopad 2018. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ Pristupljeno 13. siječanj 2019. 
  2. ↑ "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses 2 (8): 1804–20. kolovoz 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/. "Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein." 
  3. ↑ "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses 2 (8): 1804–20. kolovoz 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/. "Furthermore, subsequent phylogenetic analysis using both complete genome sequence and proteomic approaches, it was concluded that SARSr-CoV is probably an early split-off from the Betacoronavirus lineage [1]; See Figure 2." 
  4. ↑ "Coronaviridae - Figures - Positive Sense RNA Viruses - Positive Sense RNA Viruses (2011)" (engl.). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/posrna_viruses/223/coronaviridae-figures Pristupljeno 6. ožujak 2020.. "See Figure 2." 
  5. ↑ The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 66. Academic Press. 1. siječanj 2006.. str. 193–292. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN 9780120398690 nevaljani ISBN. PMID 16877062. "Nevertheless, the interaction between S protein and receptor remains the principal, if not sole, determinant of coronavirus host species range and tissue tropism." 
  6. ↑ "Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses". Nature Reviews. Microbiology 17 (3): 181–192. ožujak 2019. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PMC 7097006. PMID 30531947. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7097006/. "Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b)" 
  7. ↑ "Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy". Journal of Virology 80 (16): 7918–28. kolovoz 2006. doi:10.1128/JVI.00645-06. PMC 1563832. PMID 16873249. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1563832/. "Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm; Also See Figure 1 for double shell." 
  8. ↑ "A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology". Journal of Structural Biology 174 (1): 11–22. travanj 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021. PMC 4486061. PMID 21130884. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486061/. "See Figure 10." 
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