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<!--'''Vinland'''-->[[Datoteka:Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg|thumb|desno|Leif Ericcson otkriva Sjevernu Ameriku (''Leiv Eriksson oppdager Amerika''), [[Christian Krohg]], [[1893.]]]]
<!--'''Vinland'''-->[[Datoteka:Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg|thumb|desno|Leif Ericcson otkriva Sjevernu Ameriku (''Leiv Eriksson oppdager Amerika''), [[Christian Krohg]], [[1893.]]]]
[[Datoteka:L'Anse_aux_Meadows,_recreated_long_house.jpg|thumb|desno|Rekonstruirana nordijska kuća, [[L'Anse aux Meadows]], [[Newfoundland i Labrador]], [[Kanada]]]]  
[[Datoteka:L'Anse_aux_Meadows,_recreated_long_house.jpg|thumb|desno|Rekonstruirana nordijska kuća, [[L'Anse aux Meadows]], [[Newfoundland i Labrador]], [[Kanada]]]]  
'''Vinland''' ([[Engleski jezik|engleski]]: ''Vinland'', ''Vineland''<ref>[[Laurence Marcellus Larson]] in ''Canute the Great: 995 (circ.)-1035 and the Rise of Danish Imperialism During the Viking Age'', New York: Putnam, 1912 p. 17</ref><ref>[[Elizabeth Janeway]] in ''The Vikings'', New York, Random House, 1951 throughout</ref> ili ''Winland''<ref name="Danver2010">{{cite book|last=Danver|first=Steven L.|title=Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions |volume=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slVobUjdzGMC&pg=RA2-PA173|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-078-0|page=2}}</ref>, [[Staronordijski jezik|staronordijski]]: ''Vínland'') naziv je za područje priobalnoga dijela [[Sjeverna Amerika|Sjeverne Amerike]] koji su istraživali [[Vikinzi]] predvođeni [[Leif Ericsson|Leifom Ericssonom]]. Oni su se iskrcali u Sjevernu Ameriku oko [[1000.]] godine, oko pet stoljeća prije [[Kristofor Kolumbo|Kristofera Kolumba]] i [[John Cabot|Johna Cabota]].<ref name="Wonders2003">{{cite book|author=William C. Wonders|title=Canada's Changing North|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fgZ5d7Gnj8wC&pg=PA28|date= 2003|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-7132-7|pages=28–29}}</ref> O pronalasku Vinlanda govore [[saga|sage]] [[Grœnlendinga saga]] i [[Eiríks saga rauða]]. Smatra se da su opisana područja u sagama zapravo [[Newfoundland]], [[Zaljev sv. Lovrijenca]] i sjeveroistok [[Novi Brunswick|Novog Brunswicka]]. Godine [[1960.]] u arheološkom nalazištu [[L'Anse aux Meadows]] na sjeveru [[Newfoundland]]a pronađeno je jedino nordijsko naselje<ref name="Parks Canada 2018">{{cite web|title=L'Anse aux Meadows|work=L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada|publisher=Parks Canada|year=2018|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows|accessdate=June 17 2020|quote=Here [L'Anse aux Meadows] Norse expeditions sailed from Greenland, building a small encampment of timber-and-sod buildings …}}</ref><ref>Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). ''The Viking Discovery of America: The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland''. Checkmark Books. {{ISBN|0-8160-4716-2}}.</ref> u Sjevernoj Americi izvan [[Grenland]]a. Prije otkrića arheološkog nalazišta, o Vinlandu se jedino znalo preko nordijskih saga i srednjovjekovne historiografije. To otkriće dokazalo je [[Nordijska kolonizacija Sjeverne Amerike|nordijsko istraživanje]] Sjeverne Amerike.<ref name="Parks Canada 2018"/> Hipotezirano je da je L'Anse aux Meadows zapravo kamp ''[[Straumfjörð]]'' iz sage ''[[Eiríks saga rauða]]''.<ref name="Vinland">{{cite web| title = Is L'Anse aux Meadows Vinland?| work = L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada| publisher = Parks Canada| year = 2003| url = http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/natcul/vinland_e.asp| accessdate = 2010-04-20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070522105216/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/natcul/vinland_e.asp| archive-date = 2007-05-22| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="Wallace">Significance of the discovery of butternut shells at L'Anse aux Meadows: Birgitta Wallace, "The Norse in Newfoundland: L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland", The New Early Modern Newfoundland: Part 2 (2003), Vol. 19, No. 1. "Many scholars have dismissed L’Anse aux Meadows as peripheral in the Vinland story (Kristjánsson 2005:39). I myself held that view for a long time. I am now contending that L’Anse aux Meadows is in fact the key to unlocking the Vinland sagas. Two factors crystallized this idea in my mind. One was my subsequent research into early French exploitation outposts in Acadia (Wallace 1999) and the nature of migration (Anthony 1990) [...] The second signal was the identification of butternut remains in the Norse stratum at L’Anse aux Meadows. Here was the smoking gun that linked the limited environment of northern Newfoundland with a lush environment in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where wild grapes did indeed exist. The mythical Vinland had a basis in archaeological fact." Birgitta Wallace, "L’Anse aux Meadows, Leif Eriksson’s Home in Vinland", ''Norse Greenland: Selected Papers from the Hvalsey Conference 2008 Journal of the North Atlantic, 2009, 114-125. <!--C.f. {{cite journal| title=Vinland-Rätsel gelöst ("Vinland-riddle solved")| first=Birgitta |last=Wallace |author2=Gerhard E. Sollbach | journal=[[Damals]] |pages=47–48| volume=42|issue=5/2010|language=German}}[http://www.damals.de/de/8/Vinland-Raetsel-geloest.html?aid=189751&cp=5&action=showDetails]-->''</ref>
'''Vinland''' ([[Engleski jezik|engleski]]: ''Vinland'', ''Vineland''<ref>[[Laurence Marcellus Larson]] in ''Canute the Great: 995 (circ.)-1035 and the Rise of Danish Imperialism During the Viking Age'', New York: Putnam, 1912 p. 17</ref><ref>[[Elizabeth Janeway]] in ''The Vikings'', New York, Random House, 1951 throughout</ref> ili ''Winland''<ref name="Danver2010">{{cite book|last=Danver|first=Steven L.|title=Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions |volume=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slVobUjdzGMC&pg=RA2-PA173|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-078-0|page=2}}</ref>, [[Staronordijski jezik|staronordijski]]: ''Vínland'') naziv je za područje priobalnoga dijela [[Sjeverna Amerika|Sjeverne Amerike]] koji su istraživali [[Vikinzi]] predvođeni [[Leif Ericsson|Leifom Ericssonom]]. Oni su se iskrcali u Sjevernu Ameriku oko [[1000.]] godine, oko pet stoljeća prije [[Kristofor Kolumbo|Kristofera Kolumba]] i [[John Cabot|Johna Cabota]].<ref name="Wonders2003">{{cite book|author=William C. Wonders|title=Canada's Changing North|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fgZ5d7Gnj8wC&pg=PA28|date= 2003|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-7132-7|pages=28–29}}</ref> O pronalasku Vinlanda govore [[saga|sage]] [[Grœnlendinga saga]] i [[Eiríks saga rauða]]. Smatra se da su opisana područja u sagama zapravo [[Newfoundland]], [[Zaljev sv. Lovrijenca]] i sjeveroistok [[Novi Brunswick|Novog Brunswicka]]. Godine [[1960.]] u arheološkom nalazištu [[L'Anse aux Meadows]] na sjeveru [[Newfoundland]]a pronađeno je jedino nordijsko naselje<ref name="Parks Canada 2018">{{Citiranje weba|title=L'Anse aux Meadows|work=L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada|publisher=Parks Canada|year=2018|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows|accessdate=June 17 2020|quote=Here [L'Anse aux Meadows] Norse expeditions sailed from Greenland, building a small encampment of timber-and-sod buildings …}}</ref><ref>Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). ''The Viking Discovery of America: The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland''. Checkmark Books. {{ISBN|0-8160-4716-2}}.</ref> u Sjevernoj Americi izvan [[Grenland]]a. Prije otkrića arheološkog nalazišta, o Vinlandu se jedino znalo preko nordijskih saga i srednjovjekovne historiografije. To otkriće dokazalo je [[Nordijska kolonizacija Sjeverne Amerike|nordijsko istraživanje]] Sjeverne Amerike.<ref name="Parks Canada 2018"/> Hipotezirano je da je L'Anse aux Meadows zapravo kamp ''[[Straumfjörð]]'' iz sage ''[[Eiríks saga rauða]]''.<ref name="Vinland">{{Citiranje weba| title = Is L'Anse aux Meadows Vinland?| work = L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada| publisher = Parks Canada| year = 2003| url = http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/natcul/vinland_e.asp| accessdate = 2010-04-20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070522105216/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/natcul/vinland_e.asp| archive-date = 2007-05-22| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="Wallace">Significance of the discovery of butternut shells at L'Anse aux Meadows: Birgitta Wallace, "The Norse in Newfoundland: L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland", The New Early Modern Newfoundland: Part 2 (2003), Vol. 19, No. 1. "Many scholars have dismissed L’Anse aux Meadows as peripheral in the Vinland story (Kristjánsson 2005:39). I myself held that view for a long time. I am now contending that L’Anse aux Meadows is in fact the key to unlocking the Vinland sagas. Two factors crystallized this idea in my mind. One was my subsequent research into early French exploitation outposts in Acadia (Wallace 1999) and the nature of migration (Anthony 1990) [...] The second signal was the identification of butternut remains in the Norse stratum at L’Anse aux Meadows. Here was the smoking gun that linked the limited environment of northern Newfoundland with a lush environment in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where wild grapes did indeed exist. The mythical Vinland had a basis in archaeological fact." Birgitta Wallace, "L’Anse aux Meadows, Leif Eriksson’s Home in Vinland", ''Norse Greenland: Selected Papers from the Hvalsey Conference 2008 Journal of the North Atlantic, 2009, 114-125. <!--C.f. {{cite journal| title=Vinland-Rätsel gelöst ("Vinland-riddle solved")| first=Birgitta |last=Wallace |author2=Gerhard E. Sollbach | journal=[[Damals]] |pages=47–48| volume=42|issue=5/2010|language=German}}[http://www.damals.de/de/8/Vinland-Raetsel-geloest.html?aid=189751&cp=5&action=showDetails]-->''</ref>


== Izvori ==
== Izvori ==

Inačica od 03:23, 22. prosinca 2021.

Leif Ericcson otkriva Sjevernu Ameriku (Leiv Eriksson oppdager Amerika), Christian Krohg, 1893.
Rekonstruirana nordijska kuća, L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland i Labrador, Kanada

Vinland (engleski: Vinland, Vineland[1][2] ili Winland[3], staronordijski: Vínland) naziv je za područje priobalnoga dijela Sjeverne Amerike koji su istraživali Vikinzi predvođeni Leifom Ericssonom. Oni su se iskrcali u Sjevernu Ameriku oko 1000. godine, oko pet stoljeća prije Kristofera Kolumba i Johna Cabota.[4] O pronalasku Vinlanda govore sage Grœnlendinga saga i Eiríks saga rauða. Smatra se da su opisana područja u sagama zapravo Newfoundland, Zaljev sv. Lovrijenca i sjeveroistok Novog Brunswicka. Godine 1960. u arheološkom nalazištu L'Anse aux Meadows na sjeveru Newfoundlanda pronađeno je jedino nordijsko naselje[5][6] u Sjevernoj Americi izvan Grenlanda. Prije otkrića arheološkog nalazišta, o Vinlandu se jedino znalo preko nordijskih saga i srednjovjekovne historiografije. To otkriće dokazalo je nordijsko istraživanje Sjeverne Amerike.[5] Hipotezirano je da je L'Anse aux Meadows zapravo kamp Straumfjörð iz sage Eiríks saga rauða.[7][8]

Izvori

  1. ↑ Laurence Marcellus Larson in Canute the Great: 995 (circ.)-1035 and the Rise of Danish Imperialism During the Viking Age, New York: Putnam, 1912 p. 17
  2. ↑ Elizabeth Janeway in The Vikings, New York, Random House, 1951 throughout
  3. ↑ Danver, Steven L. (2010). Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions. 4. ABC-CLIO. str. 2. ISBN 978-1-59884-078-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=slVobUjdzGMC&pg=RA2-PA173 
  4. ↑ William C. Wonders (2003). Canada's Changing North. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. str. 28–29. ISBN 978-0-7735-7132-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=fgZ5d7Gnj8wC&pg=PA28 
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 "L'Anse aux Meadows". L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada. Parks Canada. 2018. https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows Pristupljeno 17. lipnja 2020.. "Here [L'Anse aux Meadows] Norse expeditions sailed from Greenland, building a small encampment of timber-and-sod buildings …" 
  6. ↑ Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). The Viking Discovery of America: The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Checkmark Books. ISBN 0-8160-4716-2.
  7. ↑ "Is L'Anse aux Meadows Vinland?". L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada. Parks Canada. 2003. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 22. svibnja 2007.. http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/natcul/vinland_e.asp Pristupljeno 20. travnja 2010. 
  8. ↑ Significance of the discovery of butternut shells at L'Anse aux Meadows: Birgitta Wallace, "The Norse in Newfoundland: L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland", The New Early Modern Newfoundland: Part 2 (2003), Vol. 19, No. 1. "Many scholars have dismissed L’Anse aux Meadows as peripheral in the Vinland story (Kristjánsson 2005:39). I myself held that view for a long time. I am now contending that L’Anse aux Meadows is in fact the key to unlocking the Vinland sagas. Two factors crystallized this idea in my mind. One was my subsequent research into early French exploitation outposts in Acadia (Wallace 1999) and the nature of migration (Anthony 1990) [...] The second signal was the identification of butternut remains in the Norse stratum at L’Anse aux Meadows. Here was the smoking gun that linked the limited environment of northern Newfoundland with a lush environment in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where wild grapes did indeed exist. The mythical Vinland had a basis in archaeological fact." Birgitta Wallace, "L’Anse aux Meadows, Leif Eriksson’s Home in Vinland", Norse Greenland: Selected Papers from the Hvalsey Conference 2008 Journal of the North Atlantic, 2009, 114-125.

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