Vidi kôd stranice William Lane Craig

<!--'''William Lane Craig'''-->
{{Infookvir filozof|era=[[Suvremena filozofija]]|ime=William Lane Craig|slika=William_Lane_Craig.jpg|rođenje=23 kolovoza 1949., [[Peoria]], [[Illinois]], [[SAD]]|škola_tradicija=[[Apologetika|Kršćanska apologetika]]|glavni_interesi=[[Filozofija religije]], [[Prirodna teologija]], [[Filozofija vremena]], [[Apologetika|Kršćanska apologetika]], [[Sistematska teologija]], [[Apolinarizam]], [[Reformatorska epistomologija]], [[Kartezijanski dualizam]], [[Metafizički libertarijanizam]]|poznate_ideje=[[kozmološki argument Kalām]]|utjecaji=[[Norman Geisler]]|utjecao_na=[[Alvin Plantinga]], [[Bill Bright]], [[Richard Swinburne]], [[E.J. Carnell]], [[Wolfhart Pannenberg]]}}

'''William Lane Craig''' ([[Peoria (Illinois)|Peoria]], 23. kolovoza 1949) je američki [[Analitička filozofija|analitički filozof]],<ref name="chronicle-new-theist-analytical">{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Schneider|first=Nathan|title=The New Theist|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019|date=1 July 2013|journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education|accessdate=11 June 2019}}</ref> [[Kršćanstvo|kršćanski]] [[teolog]], [[Apologetika|apologet]] i autor.{{Sfn|Creel|2014}} Profesor filozofije na Baptističkom sveučilištu u [[Houston, Teksas|Hustonu]] i istraživač na polju filozofije Škole teologije Talbot na Sveučilištu Bioli.<ref name="christianpost-murashko">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/leading-apologist-william-lane-craig-to-join-houston-baptist-us-school-of-christian-thought-faculty.html|title=Leading Apologist William Lane Craig to Join Houston Baptist U's School of Christian Thought Faculty|author=Murashko|first=Alex|date=5 February 2014|work=The Christian Post|accessdate=12 June 2019}}</ref>
Craig je aktualizirao i modernizirao [[kozmološki argument Kalām]] o [[Postojanje Boga|postojanju Boga]].<ref name="Schneider 2013">{{Citiranje novina|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019|title=The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle|last=Schneider|first=Nathan|date=July 1, 2013|accessdate=January 22, 2018|authorlink=Nathan Schneider|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref><ref name="stanford-cosmological-argument">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmological-argument/|title=Cosmological Argument|author=Reichenbach|first=Bruce|work=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University|accessdate=12 June 2019|quote=In his widely discussed writings William Lane Craig marshals multidisciplinary evidence for the truth of the premises found in the kalām argument.... [much more discussion follows]}}</ref><ref name="ct-sun">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/dawkins.defends.decision.not.to.debate.apologist.william.lane.craig/28709.htm|title=Dawkins defends decision not to debate apologist William Lane Craig|author=Sun|first=Eryn|date=30 Sep 2011|work=Christianity Today|accessdate=12 June 2019|quote=...[Craig is] the leading Christian apologist, famous for his revival of the Kalām cosmological argument which asserts that God caused the universe to first exist.}}</ref><ref name="horn-catholic">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/new-support-for-the-cosmological-argument|title=New Support for the Cosmological Argument|author=Horn|first=Trent|date=17 July 2013|work=catholic.com|accessdate=12 June 2019|quote=Although the argument fell into relatively obscurity after it was promoted in the Middle Ages, it received new life through William Lane Craig’s 1979 book The Kalām Cosmological Argument. Craig has become the argument’s leading proponent, and thanks to his famous debates with atheists that end up on YouTube, the Kalām argument has become well-known and is vigorously dissected by critics.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Robinson|Baggett|2016}} Također je objavljivao knjige i znanstvene radove u kojima zastupa povijesnu mogućnost Isusovog uskrsnuća.{{Sfn|Habermas|1988}} Craigovo proučavanje [[Božanski aseitet|božanskog aseiteta]] i [[Platonizam|platonizma]] kulminiralo je izdavanjem knjige ''Bog iznad svega''.{{Sfn|Craig|2016}}<ref name="McNabb-goa-review">{{Citiranje časopisa|author=McNabb|first=Tyler Dalton|title=Review of God Over All: Divine Aseity and the Challenge of Platonism by William Lane Craig|url=http://jbtsonline.org/review-of-god-over-all-divine-aseity-and-the-challenge-of-platonism-by-william-lane-craig/|journal=Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies}}</ref>

== Djetinjstvo i školovanje ==
Craig je rođen u gradiću [[Peoria (Illinois)|Peoriji]], u američkoj saveznoj državi [[Illinois]], kao drugo od troje djece Malloryja i Doris Craig.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/scholarly-writings/christian-doctrines/does-the-problem-of-material-constitution-illuminate-the-doctrine-of-the-tr/|title=Does the Problem of Material Constitution Illuminate the Doctrine of the Trinity?|author=Craig|first=William Lane|accessdate=10 July 2019|quote=I am the second child of Mallory and Doris Craig...}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/reasonable-faith-podcast/questions-on-certainty-and-debate/|title=Questions on Certainty and Debate|author=Craig|first=William Lane|date=February 5, 2018|accessdate=22 July 2019|quote=But that doesn't undermine my knowledge that I was born in Peoria, Illinois and raised in Keokuk, Iowa.}}</ref> Dok je pohađao srednju školu (1963. – 1967.),<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.reasonablefaith.org/debating|title=Debating|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214855/https://www.reasonablefaith.org/debating|archivedate=May 12, 2014|author=Craig|first=William Lane|work=Reasonable Faith|accessdate=May 8, 2014}}</ref> Craig se natjecao u školskim [[Debata|debatama]] te je pobijedio u državnom natjecanju iz [[Govorništvo|govorništva]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.ihsa.org/SportsActivities/IndividualEvents/RecordsHistory.aspx?url=/data/ie/records/index.htm|title=Records and History&nbsp;– Original Oratory|publisher=Illinois High School Association|accessdate=May 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Schneider 2013">{{Citiranje novina|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019|title=The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle|last=Schneider|first=Nathan|date=July 1, 2013|accessdate=January 22, 2018|authorlink=Nathan Schneider|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref> Iako je odrastao u [[Nereligioznost|nereligioznoj]] obitelji, u rujnu 1965. godine postao je [[kršćanin]] [[Evangelizam|evangelist]],<ref name="Faculty Profile">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.talbot.edu/faculty/profile/william_craig/|title=William Lane Craig|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814023848/http://www.talbot.edu/faculty/profile/william_craig/|archivedate=August 14, 2014|publisher=Biola University|accessdate=May 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://fervr.net/author/37132/|title=William Lane Craig and Sean McDowell|work=Fervr|accessdate=May 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/faith-and-doubt|title=Faith and Doubt|author=Craig|first=William Lane|date=November 5, 2007|accessdate=10 July 2019|quote=To speak personally, I myself was not raised in an evangelical home, but I became a Christian my third year of high school.}}</ref> da bi nakon završetka srednješkolskog školovanja upisao protestantski Wheaton College, gdje je studirao govorništvo i komunikologiju. Craig stječe status [[Sveučilišni prvostupnik|prvostupnika]] 1971. godine, a godinu kasnije vjenčao se sa svojom suprugom Jan koju je upoznao u studentskoj kršćanskoj organizaciji ''Campus Crusade for Christ''. William i Jan imaju dvoje odrasle djece i žive u predgrađu [[Atlanta, Georgija|Atlante]] i američkoj saveznoj državi [[Georgia|Georgiji]].<ref name="buddha7habits">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://killingthebuddha.com/mag/witness/7-habits-of-a-highly-effective-philosopher/|title=7 Habits of a Highly Effective Philosopher|author=Schneider|first=Nathan|authorlink=Nathan Schneider|date=July 12, 2013|work=Killing the Buddha|accessdate=May 10, 2014}}</ref> Godine 2014. njegovo bivše sveučilište Wheaton proglasilo ga je [[Alumni|alumnom]] godine.<ref name="Wheaton College">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.wheaton.edu/Media-Center/News/2014/05/Dr-William-Lane-Craig-Named-Alumnus-of-the-Year|title=Dr. William Lane Craig Named Alumnus of the Year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512213253/https://www.wheaton.edu/Media-Center/News/2014/05/Dr-William-Lane-Craig-Named-Alumnus-of-the-Year|archivedate=May 12, 2014|date=May 7, 2014|publisher=Wheaton College|accessdate=May 11, 2014}}</ref>

Godine 1973. Craig je upisao [[Filozofija religije|filozofiju religije]] na Trinity Evangelical Divinity Schoolu u [[Chicago|Chicagu]], gdje je studirao kod profesora Normana Geislera.<ref name="rf-double-doctorates">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.reasonablefaith.org/double-doctorates|title=Double Doctorates|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231322/http://www.reasonablefaith.org/double-doctorates|archivedate=May 12, 2014|author=Craig|first=William Lane|work=Reasonable Faith|accessdate=May 10, 2014}}</ref><ref name="tai-alumni-of-the-year">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://news.tiu.edu/2016/07/23/william-lane-craig-named-teds-alumnus-of-the-year/|title=William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus of the Year|work=Trinity International University|accessdate=22 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Schneider 2013">{{Citiranje novina|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019|title=The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle|last=Schneider|first=Nathan|date=July 1, 2013|accessdate=January 22, 2018|authorlink=Nathan Schneider|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref> Godine 1975. Craig upisuje doktorski studij filozofije na [[Sveučilište u Birminghamu|Sveučiištu u Birminghamu]] u [[Engleska|Engleskoj]],<ref name="calvin-edu">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://calvin.edu/directory/series/william-lane-craig|title=William Lane Craig|work=calvin.edu|publisher=Calvin College|accessdate=9 April 2019}}</ref> gdje se bavio kozmološkim argumentom pod mentortvom profesora [[John Hick|Johna Hicka]].<ref name="iep-cramer">{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Cramer|first=David C.|title=John Hick (1922—2012)|url=https://www.iep.utm.edu/hick/|journal=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|accessdate=12 June 2019}}</ref> Doktorirao je 1977. godine.<ref name="birmingham-cadbury-lectures">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/ptr/departments/theologyandreligion/events/cadburylectures/2015/index.aspx|title=The Cadbury Lectures 2015: God Over All Back to 'The Cadbury lectures' 16 March - 20 March 2015|work=University of Birmingham|accessdate=22 July 2019|quote=Hosted by the John Hick Centre for Philosophy of Religion. Our theme for 2015 is 'God Over All' , and will consist of a series of lectures given by Professor William Lane Craig (Talbot School of Theology and Houston Baptist University; PhD University of Birmingham 1977).}}</ref> Iz njegove doktorske disertacije 1979. godine proizašla je njegova prva knjiga, ''kozmološki argument [[Kozmološki argument Kalām|Kalām]]'' (eng. ''The Kalām Cosmological Argument''), filozofska obrana tog argumenta s kojim se prvi put susreo u radovima [[Stuart T. Hackett|Stuarta T. Hacketta]].  Craig je 1978. godine dobio stipendiju za postdoktorat od Fondacije [[Alexander von Humboldt]] <ref name="humboldtfoundation">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/pls/web/pub_hn_query.humboldtianer_details?p_externe_id=7000110651&p_lang=en|title=Humboldt Network: Prof. Dr. William L. Craig|work=Alexander von Humboldt Foundation|publisher=Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/Foundation|accessdate=16 July 2019|quote=Host(s) and host institute(s) during Humboldt sponsorship: Prof. Dr. Wolfhart Pannenberg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; Start of first sponsorship: 01.01.1978}}</ref> da nastavi istraživanje na temu povijesnog saznanja o [[Uskrsnuće Isusa Krista|Isusovom uskrsnuću]] pod vodstvom profesora Wolfharta Pannenberga sa [[Sveučilište Ludvig Maksimilijan u Münchenu|Sveučilištu Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München]] u [[München|Münhenu]] u Njemačkoj.<ref name="ct-sanders">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/september-web-only/strange-legacy-theologian-wolfhart-pannenberg.html|title=The Strange Legacy of Theologian Wolfhart Pannenberg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921010516/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/september-web-only/strange-legacy-theologian-wolfhart-pannenberg.html|archivedate=21 September 2014|author=Sanders|first=Fred|date=18 September 2014|work=Christianity Today|accessdate=12 June 2019|quote=Accordingly, Pannenberg marshaled the available evidence and argued that the most rational interpretation of it is that Christ actually rose from the dead. That a high-level German theologian would defend Christ’s resurrection as a knowable fact was headline news in the religious press of the 1970s. It’s no surprise, then, that Pannenberg’s emphasis on the historical reliability of the Resurrection attracted students like apologist William Lane Craig.}}</ref> Njegov rad u Münhenu, pod Pannenbergovim vodstvom doveo je do njegovog drugog doktorata, ovaj put iz teologije,<ref name="Wheaton College">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.wheaton.edu/Media-Center/News/2014/05/Dr-William-Lane-Craig-Named-Alumnus-of-the-Year|title=Dr. William Lane Craig Named Alumnus of the Year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512213253/https://www.wheaton.edu/Media-Center/News/2014/05/Dr-William-Lane-Craig-Named-Alumnus-of-the-Year|archivedate=May 12, 2014|date=May 7, 2014|publisher=Wheaton College|accessdate=May 11, 2014}}</ref> kojeg je dobio 1984. nakon čega je 1985. godine njegova doktorska disertacija objavljena kao knjiga pod nazivom ''Povijesni dokazi teze o Isusovom uskrsnuću za vrijeme deističke kontroverze'' (eng. ''The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus During the [[:en:Deist|Deist]] Controversy)''.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=The historical argument for the Resurrection of Jesus during the Deist controversy}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Pearson|first=Samuel C.|title=Book Review: The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus during the Deist Controversy. William L. Craig|date=Oct 1988|journal=The Journal of Religion|volume=68|issue=4}}</ref>

== Karijera ==
Craig se pridružio školi Trinity Evangelical Divinity School u 1980. godini, gdje je predavao filozofiju religije do 1986.<ref name="teds-aoy">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://news.tiu.edu/2016/07/23/william-lane-craig-named-teds-alumnus-of-the-year/|title=William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus of the Year|work=Trinity International University|accessdate=12 June 2019|quote=Craig earned master’s degrees from TEDS in philosophy of religion, as well as in church history and the history of Christian thought. He taught philosophy of religion at TEDS from 1980–1986.}}</ref> 1982. je dobio pozivnicu za debatu sa [[Kai Nielsen (filozof)|Kai Nielsenom]] na sveučilištu u [[Calgary|Calgariju]] na temu pitanja [[Postojanje Boga|postojanja Boga]].<ref name="rf-debating">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/debating/|title=#155 Debating|author=Craig|first=William Lane|date=April 5, 2010|work=Reasonable Faith|accessdate=31 July 2019|quote=But in 1982, with my doctoral studies behind me, I received an invitation from a Canadian Christian group to debate the atheist philosopher Kai Nielsen at the University of Calgary.}}</ref> Ohrabren prijemom od strane publike, ali i kolega,  Craig je nastavio voditi formalne debate na temu postojanja Boga (i na srodne teme kao što je historicitet Isusovog uskrsnuća) sa mnogim uvaženim protivnicima kao što su [[Sam Harris]], [[Christopher Hitchens]], [[Lawrence M. Krauss]],<ref name="Schneider 2013">{{Citiranje novina|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019|title=The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle|last=Schneider|first=Nathan|date=July 1, 2013|accessdate=January 22, 2018|authorlink=Nathan Schneider|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref> [[Lewis Wolpert]], [[Antony Flew]], [[Sean Carroll]], [[Roger Penrose|Sir Roger Penrose]], [[Peter Atkins]], [[Bart Ehrman]], [[Walter Sinnott-Armstrong]], [[Paul Draper]], [[Gerd Lüdemann]] i [[A. C. Grayling]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.premierchristianradio.com/Shows/Saturday/Unbelievable/Episodes/Unbelievable-5-Jul-2011-William-Lane-Craig-vs-AC-Grayling-debate-on-God-Evil|title=Unbelievable? 5 Jul 2011 - William Lane Craig vs AC Grayling debate on God & Evil: Tuesday 05 July 2011 2:30:00 am|author=Premier|work=Premier Christian Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.stafforini.com/blog/william-lane-craig-a-complete-list-of-debates/|title=William Lane Craig: A Complete List of Debates|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611042017/http://www.stafforini.com/blog/william-lane-craig-a-complete-list-of-debates/|archivedate=June 11, 2017|author=Stafforini|first=Pablo|date=August 18, 2016|work=Pablo's Miscellany|publisher=Pablo Stafforini|accessdate=October 16, 2016}}</ref>

Nakon jednogodišnjeg angažmana na koledžu Westmont u predgrađu [[Santa Barbara, Kalifornija|Sante Barbare]], Craig se 1987., zajedno sa suprugom i dvoje male djece preselio natrag u Europu, gdje je djelovao kao gostujući predavač na Katoličkom sveučilištu [[Leuven]] ([[Louvain, Belgija|Louvain]]) u Belgiji sve do 1994. godine.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Contributors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1C6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22louvain%22+%22william+lane+craig%22|date=1993|journal=International Philosophical Quarterly|volume=33}}</ref> U isto vrijeme, Craig se priključio odjelu za filozofiju i etiku u teološkoj školi Talbot u predgrađu [[Los Angeles|Los Angelesa]] na poziciji profesora istraživača, poziciji koju i danas drži,<ref name="Faculty Profile">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.talbot.edu/faculty/profile/william_craig/|title=William Lane Craig|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814023848/http://www.talbot.edu/faculty/profile/william_craig/|archivedate=August 14, 2014|publisher=Biola University|accessdate=May 5, 2014}}</ref><ref name="christianpost-murashko">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/leading-apologist-william-lane-craig-to-join-houston-baptist-us-school-of-christian-thought-faculty.html|title=Leading Apologist William Lane Craig to Join Houston Baptist U's School of Christian Thought Faculty|author=Murashko|first=Alex|date=5 February 2014|work=The Christian Post|accessdate=12 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="nyt-kristof">{{Citiranje novina|last=Kristof|first=Nicholas|title=Professor, Was Jesus Really Born to a Virgin?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/opinion/sunday/christmas-christian-craig.html|accessdate=12 June 2019|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|date=21 Dec 2018|quote=Here’s my interview of William Lane Craig, professor of philosophy at Talbot School of Theology and Houston Baptist University.}}</ref> ali je istovremeno postao i profesor filozofije na Baptističkom sveučilištu u [[Houston, Teksas|Hustonu]] gdje predaje od 2014. godine. U 2016., Craig je proglašen alumnijem godine od strane škole Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/buffalo-grove/community/chi-ugc-article-william-lane-craig-named-teds-alumnus-of-the-2016-07-22-story.html|title=William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus of the Year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726205730/http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/buffalo-grove/community/chi-ugc-article-william-lane-craig-named-teds-alumnus-of-the-2016-07-22-story.html|archivedate=July 26, 2016|author=Trinity International University|authorlink=Trinity International University|date=July 22, 2016|work=Buffalo Grove Countryside|accessdate=September 30, 2018}}</ref> Sveučilište Biola je 2017. godine na fakultetu otvorilo trajnu poziciju i uspostavilo katedru filozofije koja nosi njegovo ime, u čast Craigovim akademskim dosezima.

== Filozofski i teološki stavovi ==

=== Kozmološki argument ''Kalām'' ===
Craig je dosta pisao i govorio u obranu verzije [[Kozmološki argument|kozmološkog argumenta]] ''Kalām''.{{fusg|a}}<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.philosophyofreligion.info/whos-who/modern-authors/william-lane-craig/|title=Who's Who: Modern Authors: William Lane Craig (Entry 2)|work=Philosophy of Religion.info|accessdate=16 October 2016<!--|quote=Craig is best known for his extensive work on the Kalām Cosmological Argument, and has also published material on the philosophy of time and on divine foreknowledge.-->}}</ref> Iako je ''Kalām'' proizašao iz [[Srednji vijek|srednjovjekovne]] [[Islam|islamske]] filozofije, Craig mu je, kako bi ga ojačao, u njegovu obranu dodao i poveznice prema suvremenim znanstvenim i filozofskim idejama.<ref name="Schneider 2013">{{Citiranje novina|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019|title=The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle|last=Schneider|first=Nathan|date=July 1, 2013|accessdate=January 22, 2018|authorlink=Nathan Schneider|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref> Njegov rad na Kalāmu rezultirao je povećanjem suvremenog interesa kako za Kalām, tako i općenito za kozmološke argumente.{{Sfn|Reichenbach|2019}}{{Sfn|Smith|2007}}{{Sfn|Oppy|2006}}

Craig u [[Silogizam|silogističkoj]] formi formulira svoju verziju argumenta na sljedeći način: 

# Sve što počinje postojati ima uzrok svojeg postojanja.{{fusg|b}}
# Univerzum je počeo postojati.
# Prema tome, [[univerzum]] ima uzrok svog postojanja."{{Sfn|Wainwright|1982}}{{Sfn|Reichenbach|2019}}

Craigova obrana [[Argument|argumenta]] ''Kalām'' uglavnom se fokusira na drugu [[Premisa|premisu]],{{Sfn|Copan|2017}}<ref name="lepoidevin-afa">{{Citiranje knjiga|Title=Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion|Date=2003|Publisher=Routledge}}</ref> gdje iznosi nekoliko argumenata koji je podržavaju. Na primjer, Craig koristi [[Hilbertov paradoks Grand Hotela]] sa [[Beskonačnost|beskonačnim]] brojem soba kao ilustraciju svojoj tvrdnji da su [[Stvarna beskonačnost|stvarno beskonačni]] [[Skup|skupovi]] nemogući, na osnovu čega zaključuje da je prošlo vrijeme konačno i nužno ima početak. {{Sfn|Wainwright|1982}}{{Sfn|Moreland|2003}}{{Sfn|Craig|Sinclair|2009}} U drugoj liniji argumentacije, Craig tvrdi su da nizovi događaja u vremenu stvoreni od strane procesa u kojem se svaki trenutak slijedno dodaje povijesti. Prema Craigu, ovaj proces nikad ne može stvoriti stvarno beskonačni skup događanja, već umjesto toga stvara samo potencijalno beskonačni skup događanja. Na ovoj osnovi Craig tvrdi da je prošlost konačna i da ima početak.{{Sfn|Wainwright|1982}}{{Sfn|Craig|Sinclair|2009}}{{Sfn|Reichenbach|2019}}

Craig također koristi razne fizikalne teorije u obranu druge premise, kao što su standardni [[Veliki prasak|Big Bang]] model nastanka Svemira i određene implikacije [[Drugi zakon termodinamike|drugog zakona termodinamike]].{{Sfn|Reichenbach|2019}}<ref name="Schneider 2013">{{Citiranje novina|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019|title=The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle|last=Schneider|first=Nathan|date=July 1, 2013|accessdate=January 22, 2018|authorlink=Nathan Schneider|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref>{{Sfn|Wainwright|1982}}

U zaključku ''Kalām'' argumenta stoji da univerzum ima uzrok postojanja i na tome se ''Kalām'' zaustavlja. Međutim, Craig nastavlja svoju argumentaciju iznoseći tvrdnju da taj uzrok mora biti osoba.{{Sfn|Wainwright|1982}} Prvo, Craig kaže da je uzrok svemira izvan vremena, budući da je isti uzrok po njemu nužno prouzrokovao i početak samog vremena. Onda nastavlja tvrdnjom da uzroci koji su izvan vremena imaju vječne učinke jedino ako nisu osobe. Nakon toga zaključuje da ako smo spremni prihvatiti drugu premisu argumenta ''Kalām'' koja tvrdi da svemir ima početak tj. da svemir nije vječan, da njegov uzrok mora biti osoba.{{Sfn|Morriston|2000}}

== Bilješke ==
* {{fusd|a}} Craigova vlastita verzija argumenta ''Kalām'' je sažeta 1. 'Sve što počinje postojati ima uzrok postojanju.' 2. 'Svemir je počeo postojati jer je temporalni regresivni niz konačan.' 3. 'Stoga, svemir ima uzrok postojanja.' Prateći primjer Ghazalija, islamskog filozofa koji je prvi postulirao ovaj argument, Craig dalje tvrdi da taj uzrok mora imati karakter osobe sa slobodnom voljom. Za njega ništa osim takvog neosnovanog izbora slobodnog aktera ne može objasniti činjenicu da je svemir stvoren u nekom određenom trenutku, a ne u nekom drugom ili (ako je vrijeme kao takvo započelo sa prvim događajem) činjenicu da prvi događaj nije imao prethodnika.{{sfn|Wainwright|1982|p=328}}

* {{fusd|b}} U svojem kasnijem radu, Craig preferira korištenje alternativne, više specifične verzije prve premise, ili kako on sam kaže: "Dovoljno je reći da ja sada preferiram preformulirati prvu premisu na način: 'Ako je svemir počeo postojati, onda svemir ima uzrok svog postojanja.'{{sfn|Craig|2017|p=302}}

== Bibliografija ==
{{div col}}
* ''The Kalām Cosmological Argument'', London: MacMillan, 1979, ISBN 9781579104382
* ''The Cosmological Argument from Plato to Leibniz'', London: MacMillan, 1980, ISBN 9781579107871
* ''The Son Rises: Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus'', Chicago: Moody Press, 1981, ISBN 9781579104641
* ''Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism: Omniscience'', Leiden; New York: [[E.J. Brill]], 1991, ISBN 9789004092501
* ''Apologetics: An Introduction'', Chicago: Moody Press, 1984, ISBN 9780802404053
* ''The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus during the Deist Controversy'', Toronto: Edwin Mellen, 1985, ISBN 9780889468115
* ''The Only Wise God: The Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom'', Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse, 1987, ISBN 9781579103163
* ''The Problem of Divine Foreknowledge and Future Contingents from Aristotle to Suarez'', Leiden; New York: [[E.J. Brill]], 1988, ISBN 9789004085169
* ''Knowing the Truth About the Resurrection'', Ann Arbor: Servant Books, 1988, ISBN 9780892833849
* ''Assessing the New Testament Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus'', Studies in the Bible and early Christianity 16, Toronto: Edwin Mellen Press, 1989, ISBN 9780889466166
* ''Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism I: Omniscience'', Leiden: [[E.J. Brill]], 1990, ISBN 9789004092501
* ''No Easy Answers''. Chicago: Moody Press, 1990, ISBN 9780802422835
* ''Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism: Omniscience'', Leiden; New York: [[E.J. Brill]], 1991, ISBN 9789004092501
* ''Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology'' (koautor: Quentin Smith), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, ISBN 9780198263838
* ''Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics'', Wheaton: Crossway Books, 1994, ISBN 9780891077640
* ''Will the Real Jesus Please Stand Up? A Debate Between William Lane Craig and John Dominic Crossan'' (koautori: William F. Buckley i Paul Copan), Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse, 1998, ISBN 9780801021756
* ''God, Are You There?'', Atlanta: RZIM, 1999, ISBN 9781930107007
* ''Jesus' Resurrection: Fact Or Figment?: A Debate Between William Lane Craig & Gerd Lüdemann'' (koautori: Paul Copan i Ronald K. Tacelli), Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2000, ISBN 9780830815692
* ''Naturalism: A Critical Analysis'' (više autora), London; New York: [[Routledge]], 2000, ISBN 9780415235242
* ''The Tensed Theory of Time: A Critical Examination'', Dordrecht; Boston: [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]], 2000, ISBN 9780792366348
* ''God, Time, and Eternity: The Coherence of Theism II: Eternity'', Dordrecht; Boston: [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]], 2001, ISBN 9781402000119
* ''Time and The Metaphysics of Relativity'', Dordrecht; Boston: [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]], 2001, ISBN 9780792366683
* ''Time and Eternity: Exploring God's Relationship to Time'', Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2001, ISBN 9781581342413
* ''What Does God Know?'', Atlanta: RZIM, 2002, ISBN 9781930107052
* ''Philosophy of Religion: A Reader and Guide'', New Brunswick: [[Rutgers University Press]], 2002, ISBN 9780813531212
* ''Hard Questions, Real Answers'', Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2003, ISBN 9781581344875
* ''Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview'' (koautor: James Porter Moreland), Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2003, ISBN 9780830826940
* ''Does God Exist?: The Craig-Flew Debate'' (koautor: Stan W. Wallace), Aldershot; Burlington: [[Ashgate Publishing]], 2003, ISBN 9780754631903
* ''God?: A Debate Between a Christian and an Atheist'' (koautor: Walter Sinnott-Armstrong), New York; Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 2004, ISBN 9780195165999
* ''Creation out of Nothing: A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration'' (koautor: Paul Copan), Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004, ISBN 9780801027338
* ''Einstein, Relativity and Absolute Simultaneity'' (koautor: Quentin Smith), London; New York: [[Routledge]], 2008, ISBN 9780415701747
* ''Contending with Christianity's Critics: Answering New Atheists & Other Objectors'' (više autora), Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 9780805449365
* ''The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology'' (više autora), Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, ISBN 9781444308334
* ''On Guard: Defending Your Faith with Reason and Precision'', Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 2010, ISBN 9781434764881
* ''Come Let Us Reason: New Essays in Christian Apologetics'' (više autora), Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2012, ISBN 9781433672200
* ''True Reason: Confronting the Irrationality of the New Atheism'' (više autora), Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2013, ISBN 9780825443381
* ''A Reasonable Response: Answers to Tough Questions on God, Christianity, and the Bible'', Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2013, ISBN 9780802405999
* ''On Guard: Mit Verstand und Präzision den Glauben verteidigen'', Neuried Christlicher Veranstaltungs- und Mediendienst, 2015, ISBN 9783981772906
* ''On Guard for Students: A Thinker's Guide to the Christian Faith'', Colorado Springs: David C Cook, 2015, ISBN 9780781412995
{{div col end}}

== Izvori ==
{{Izvori|3}}

== Vanjske poveznice ==

* [https://www.reasonablefaith.org Official Reasonable Faith website]
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/ReasonableFaithOrg Official Reasonable Faith YouTube channel]

{{GLAVNIRASPORED:Craig, William Lane}}
[[Kategorija:Teolozi]]
[[Kategorija:Kršćanski filozofi]]