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| Redak 48: | Redak 48: | ||
== Literatura == | == Literatura == | ||
* {{ | * {{Citiranje knjige | ||
| last = Benton | first = Micheal J. | | last = Benton | first = Micheal J. | ||
| title = The Fossil Record 2 | | title = The Fossil Record 2 | ||
| Redak 61: | Redak 61: | ||
| year = 2007 | publisher = Science Publishers | | year = 2007 | publisher = Science Publishers | ||
| isbn = 978-1-4398-4257-7 | doi = 10.1201/b11001-3 | oclc = 646769361 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Bianucci|Landini|2007}} --> | | isbn = 978-1-4398-4257-7 | doi = 10.1201/b11001-3 | oclc = 646769361 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Bianucci|Landini|2007}} --> | ||
* {{ | * {{Citiranje knjige | ||
| last = Fordyce | first = R. Ewan | | last = Fordyce | first = R. Ewan | ||
| chapter = Cetacean evolution and Eocene-Oligocene oceans revisited | pages = 154–170 | | chapter = Cetacean evolution and Eocene-Oligocene oceans revisited | pages = 154–170 | ||
| Redak 67: | Redak 67: | ||
| year = 2003 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | | year = 2003 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | ||
| isbn = 9780231127165 | oclc = 50116197 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Fordyce|2003}} --> | | isbn = 9780231127165 | oclc = 50116197 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Fordyce|2003}} --> | ||
* {{ | * {{Citiranje knjige | ||
| last1 = Fordyce | first1 = R. Ewan | | last1 = Fordyce | first1 = R. Ewan | ||
| last2 = Barnes | first2 = Lawrence G. | | last2 = Barnes | first2 = Lawrence G. | ||
| Redak 83: | Redak 83: | ||
| year = 1995 | journal = The Island Arc | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 373–391 | | year = 1995 | journal = The Island Arc | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 373–391 | ||
| oclc = 4643465301 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Fordyce|Barnes|Miyazaki|1995}} --> | | oclc = 4643465301 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Fordyce|Barnes|Miyazaki|1995}} --> | ||
* {{ | * {{Citiranje knjige | ||
| last1 = Fordyce | first1 = R. Ewan | | last1 = Fordyce | first1 = R. Ewan | ||
| last2 = Muizon | first2 = Christian, de | | last2 = Muizon | first2 = Christian, de | ||
| Redak 120: | Redak 120: | ||
| year = 1986 | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 326–349 | | year = 1986 | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 326–349 | ||
| doi = 10.1080/02724634.1986.10011629 | oclc = 4649653943 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Kumar|Sahni|1986}} --> | | doi = 10.1080/02724634.1986.10011629 | oclc = 4649653943 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Kumar|Sahni|1986}} --> | ||
* {{ | * {{Citiranje knjige | ||
| last1 = McKenna | first1 = Malcolm C. | | last1 = McKenna | first1 = Malcolm C. | ||
| last2 = Bell | first2 = Susan K. | | last2 = Bell | first2 = Susan K. | ||
| Redak 126: | Redak 126: | ||
| year = 1997 | location = New York | publisher = Columbia University Press | | year = 1997 | location = New York | publisher = Columbia University Press | ||
| isbn = 978-0-231-11013-6 | oclc = 37345734 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|McKenna|Bell|1997}} --> | | isbn = 978-0-231-11013-6 | oclc = 37345734 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|McKenna|Bell|1997}} --> | ||
* {{ | * {{Citiranje knjige | ||
| last1 = McLeod | first1 = S. A. | | last1 = McLeod | first1 = S. A. | ||
| last2 = Barnes | first2 = L. G. | | last2 = Barnes | first2 = L. G. | ||
| Redak 141: | Redak 141: | ||
| year = 1989 | journal = Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences | volume = 46 | issue = 12 | pages = 2219–35 | | year = 1989 | journal = Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences | volume = 46 | issue = 12 | pages = 2219–35 | ||
| oclc = 41657907 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Mitchell|1989}} --> | | oclc = 41657907 | ref = harv}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Mitchell|1989}} --> | ||
* {{ | * {{Citiranje knjige | ||
| last = Rice | first = Dale W. | | last = Rice | first = Dale W. | ||
| title = Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution | | title = Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution | ||
Inačica od 20:30, 2. siječnja 2022.
| Remingtonocetidae | |
|---|---|
 Kutchicetus | |
 Remingtonocetus | |
| Status zaštite | |
 Status zaštite: Izumrli | |
| Raspon fosila | Eocen |
| Sistematika | |
| Carstvo: | Animalia |
| Koljeno: | Chordata |
| Razred: | Mammalia |
| Red: | Cetacea |
| Podred: | †Archaeoceti |
| Porodica: | †Remingtonocetidae K. Kumar, A. Sahni 1986. |
| Rodovi | |
| Vidjeti tekst | |
Remingtonocetidae su raznolika porodica izumrlih ranih vodenih sisavaca iz reda Cetacea, koji su bili endemični za obalne prostore drevnog oceana Tetis (današnji Pakistan i Indija) u periodu eocena.[1] Živjeli su u razdoblju između 55,8 i 48,6 milijuna godina, što znači da su postojali 7,2 milijuna godina. Naziv porodice potječe od roda Remingtonocetus, koji je dobio ime po paleocetologu Remingtonu Kelloggu.[1]
Opis
Remingtonocetidi su imali duge i uske lubanje s nosnim otvorima na prednjem dijelu lubanje. Očne šupljine bile su malene. U ustima su imali konveksno nepce i ne sasvim spojenu čeljusnu simfizu (symphysis mandibulae). Njihova zubna formula glasila je 3.1.4.3|3.1.4.3. Prednji zubi bili su mediolateralno spljošteni, što ih je činilo sličnim zubima morskih pasa.[2]
Što se tiče postkranijalnog kostura, vratni su kralješci bili su relativno dugi, a križna kost se sastojala od četiri kralježka, od kojih su barem tri srasla. Acetabularni usjek (Incisura acetabuli) bio je uzak ili zatvoren, a na zaobljenom dijelu bedrene kosti (caput femoris) fovea capitis femoris nije postojala.[2]
Ostaci kostiju glave su česti, s iznimkom zuba, koji se rijetko očuvaju. Morfologija postkranijalnog kostura u potpunosti se temelji na jednom primjerku roda Kutchicetus, koji je bio malen i imao duga i mišićava leđa i rep. Moguće je da su remintonocetidi plivali kao južnoamerička divovska vidra, koja se kroz vodu kreće pomoću svog dugog, spljoštenog repa.[3]
S dugim i niskim tijelima, relativno kratkim udovima i izduženim kljunom, remingtonocetidi su izgledali kao sisavci krokodili više nego Ambulocetus. Mogli su i hodati na kopnu i plivati u vodi, te su najvjerojatnije živjeli u obalnim staništima. Barem jedan rod (Dalanistes) hranio se morskim životinjama.[1]
Ostaci remingtonocetida se često mogu naći s ostacima somova i krokodila, kao i kitova protocetida i morskih krava. Vjerojatno nisu bili ovisni o izvorima slatke vode.[3]
Taksonomija
Porodicu Remingtonocetidae osnovali su Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist.. Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. je smatrao da je ona monofiletična. Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. ju je priključilo skupini Odontoceti; Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. i Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. su je priključili skupini Remingtonocetoidea; Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. su je priključili podredu Archaeoceti; Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. i Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. su je također pridružili istom podredu; i na kraju, Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist., Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. i Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist. su je priključili redu Cetacea.
Rodovi
- Remingtonocetus (tipična) (Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist.)
- Andrewsiphius (Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist.)
- Attockicetus (Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist.), najstariji rod[3]
- Dalanistes (Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist.)
- Kutchicetus (Script error: The function "harvard_citation_no_bracket" does not exist.)
Izvori
Literatura
- Benton, Micheal J. (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Springer. ISBN 9780412393808
- Bianucci, Giovanni; Landini, Walter (2007). "Fossil History". Unutar Miller, Debra L.. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetacea: Whales, Porpoises and Dolphins. Science Publishers. str. 35–93. doi:10.1201/b11001-3. ISBN 978-1-4398-4257-7. OCLC 646769361
- Fordyce, R. Ewan (2003). "Cetacean evolution and Eocene-Oligocene oceans revisited". From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene-Oligocene Transition. New York: Columbia University Press. str. 154–170. ISBN 9780231127165. OCLC 50116197
- Fordyce, R. Ewan; Barnes, Lawrence G. (1994). "The evolutionary history of whales and dolphins". Unutar Wetherill, George W; Albee, Arden L; Burke, K. Annual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences. 22. str. 419–55. ISBN 9780824320225. OCLC 30676887
- Fordyce, R. Ewan; Barnes, Lawrence G.; Miyazaki, N. (1995). "General aspects of the evolutionary history of whales and dolphins". The Island Arc 3 (4): 373–391. OCLC 4643465301
- Fordyce, R. Ewan; Muizon, Christian, de (2001). "Evolutionary history of whales: a review". Unutar Mazin, Jean-Michel; Buffrenil, Vivian, de. Secondary adaptation of tetrapods to life in water. Proceedings of the international meeting, Poitiers, 1996. München: Verlag Dr Friedriech Pfeil. str. 169–234. ISBN 9783931516888. OCLC 52121251
- Geisler, Jonathan H.; Sanders, Albert E. (2003). "Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Cetacea". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 10 (1/2): 23–129. OCLC 361831220
- Gingerich, Philip D.; Arif, Muhammad; Clyde, William C. (1995). "New Archaeocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)". Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan 29 (11): 291–330. OCLC 34123868. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/48650 Pristupljeno veljače 2013.
- Gingerich, Philip D.; Ul-Haq, Munir; Khan, Intizar Hussain; Zalmout, Iyad S. (2001). "Eocene stratrigraphy and archaeocete whales (Mammalia, Cetacea) of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman range, Balochistan (Pakistan)". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30 (11): 269–319. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/48661 Pristupljeno veljače 2013.
- Kumar, K.; Sahni, A. (1986). "Remingtonocetus harudiensis, new combination, a middle Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from western Kutch, India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6 (4): 326–349. doi:10.1080/02724634.1986.10011629. OCLC 4649653943
- McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of mammals above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6. OCLC 37345734
- McLeod, S. A.; Barnes, L. G. (2008). "A new genus and species of Eocene protocetid archaeocete whale (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Atlantic Coastal plain". Unutar Wang, Xiaoming; Barnes, Lawrence G.. Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America. 41. str. 73–98. http://www.nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/pdf/contrib_science/SS-41.pdf Pristupljeno veljače 2013.
- Mitchell, Edward D. (1989). "A new cetacean from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46 (12): 2219–35. OCLC 41657907
- Rice, Dale W. (1998). Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special publication (Society for Marine Mammalogy), 4. The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication. str. 1–231. ISBN 9781891276033. OCLC 40622084
- Sahni, Ashok; Mishra, Vijay Prakash (1975). "Lower Tertiary vertebrates from western India". Monograph of the PaleontologicalSociety of India 3: 1–48. ASIN B0007AL8UE. OCLC 3566369
- Thewissen, J.G.M.; Bajpai, Sunil (2009). "New Skeletal Material of Andrewsiphius and Kutchicetus, Two Eocene Cetaceans from India". Journal of Paleontology 83 (5): 635–663. doi:10.1666/08-045.1. OCLC 4631929027
- Thewissen, J.G.M.; Hussain, S.T. (2000). "Attockicetus praecursor, a new remingtonocetid cetacean from marine Eocene sediments of Pakistan". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7 (3): 133–46. doi:10.1023/A:1009458618729. OCLC 362777268
- Thewissen, J.G.M.; Williams, E.M. (2002). "The Early Radiations of Cetacea (Mammalia): Evolutionary Pattern and Developmental Correlations". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 73–90. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095426. OCLC 4656321698. http://140.220.1.9/DEPTS/ANAT/Thewissen/pdf/2002ThewWillAnnRev.pdf Pristupljeno veljače 2013.
- Thewissen, J.G.M.; Williams, E.M.; Hussain, S.T. (2001). "Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 (2): 347–366. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0347:EMFFNI]2.0.CO;2. OCLC 631973716
- Uhen, Mark D (2010). "The Origin(s) of Whales". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 38: 189–219. Bibcode 2010AREPS..38..189U. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152453