Rimski put: razlika između inačica

Inačica od 18. studeni 2021. u 02:03

Rimski putevi su predstavljali važan dio razvoja rimske države, od oko 500. pr. Kr. do razdoblja proširenja pod Republikom i Carstvom.^[1]^[2] Rimski putevi su omogućili Rimljanima kretanje vojnih snaga i trgovačkih dobara i prenošenje vijesti.^[3] Sustav rimskih puteva je imao ukupnu dužinu od preko 400,000 km, a od čega je preko 80.500 bilo popločano.^[4]^[5] Kada je Rim došao na vrhunac moći, iz njega je vodilo najmanje 29 velikih vojnih puteva.^[6] Hills were cut through and deep ravines filled in.^[6] U jednom je trenutku Rimsko Carstvo bilo podijeljeno u 113 provincija kroz koje su prozailo 372 velika puta.^[6] Samo u Galiji je izgrađeno ili popločano 21.000 km puteva, a u Britaniji najmanje 4.000 km.^[6]

Rimljani su postali prilično vješti u izgradnji puteva,^[7] za koje su koristili izraz viae.^[8] Oni su bili namijenjeni prijevozu materijala s jedne na drugu lokaciju. Na njima je bilo dozvoljeno hodati i goniti stoku, odnosno voziti različita vozila.^[8] Viae su se obično razlikovale od manjih, obično zemljanih puteva.^[8]

Mreža rimskih puteva je bila važna za održavanje stabilnosti i širenje Carstva. Legije su ih uspješno koristile, a neki od njih se koriste dan-danas, nekoliko tisućljeća kasnije. U kasnoj antici, su, međutim, ti putevi doprinijeli propasti Carstva jer su olakšavali prodor barbarima u njegovu dubinu.

Izvori

↑ Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Page 309
↑ Forbes, Robert James (1993). Studies in ancient technology, Volume 2. Brill. str. 146. ISBN 978 90 04 00622 5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Oi70BovgoQC&pg=PA146&dq=%22Via+Gabina%22+road+built&hl=en&ei=39XjTMPQKMqzhAfP0cnNDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Via%20Gabina%22%20road%20built&f=false
↑ Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. Page 9
↑ Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. Page 9.
↑ Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 ^6,3 Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. Page 320.
↑ Aitken, Thomas. Road Making and Maintenance: A Practical Treatise for Engineers, Surveyors, and Others. London: C. Griffin and Company, Limited, 1900. Page 1 - 5.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Smith (1890).

Vanjske poveznice

Opći članci

Opisi puteva

Izgradnja puteva

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Na Wikimedijinom Zajedničkom poslužitelju postoje datoteke vezane uz: roads Rimski put

[1] Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Page 309

[2] Forbes, Robert James (1993). Studies in ancient technology, Volume 2. Brill. str. 146. ISBN 978 90 04 00622 5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Oi70BovgoQC&pg=PA146&dq=%22Via+Gabina%22+road+built&hl=en&ei=39XjTMPQKMqzhAfP0cnNDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Via%20Gabina%22%20road%20built&f=false

[3] Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. Page 9

[4] Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. Page 9.

[5] Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.

[LWPageArticleRoadsCanals-6] 6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 ^6,3 Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. Page 320.

[7] Aitken, Thomas. Road Making and Maintenance: A Practical Treatise for Engineers, Surveyors, and Others. London: C. Griffin and Company, Limited, 1900. Page 1 - 5.

[SmithDictionaryAntiquities-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Smith (1890).

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@@ Redak 2: / Redak 2: @@
 [[Datoteka:PompeiiStreet.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Rimska ulica u [[Pompeji]]ma]]
-'''Rimski putevi''' su predstavljali važan dio razvoja [[Stari Rim|rimske]] države, od oko 500. pr. Kr. do razdoblja proširenja pod [[Rimska Republika|Republikom]] i [[Rimsko Carstvo|Carstvom]].<ref>Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. [http://books.google.com/books?id=aEfvR1Qcd0gC&pg=PA309 Page 309]</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Forbes|first=Robert James|title=Studies in ancient technology, Volume 2|year=1993|publisher=Brill|isbn=978 90 04 00622 5|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Oi70BovgoQC&pg=PA146&dq=%22Via+Gabina%22+road+built&hl=en&ei=39XjTMPQKMqzhAfP0cnNDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Via%20Gabina%22%20road%20built&f=false|page=146}}</ref> Rimski putevi su omogućili Rimljanima kretanje vojnih snaga i [[rimska trgovina|trgovačkih]] dobara i prenošenje vijesti.<ref>Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Dzv2oZM5_38C&pg=PA9 Page 9]</ref> Sustav rimskih puteva je imao ukupnu dužinu od preko 400,000&nbsp;km, a od čega je preko 80.500&nbsp; bilo popločano.<ref>Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. [http://books.google.com/books?id=y1ngxn_xTOIC&pg=PA9 Page 9].</ref><ref>Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.</ref> Kada je Rim došao na vrhunac moći, iz njega je vodilo najmanje 29 velikih vojnih puteva.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" /> Hills were cut through and deep ravines filled in.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" /> U jednom je trenutku Rimsko Carstvo bilo podijeljeno u 113 provincija kroz koje su prozailo 372 velika puta.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals">Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. [http://books.google.com/books?id=ERQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA320 Page 320].</ref> Samo u [[Rimska Galija|Galiji]] je izgrađeno ili popločano 21.000&nbsp;km puteva, a u Britaniji najmanje 4.000&nbsp;km.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" />
+'''Rimski putevi''' su predstavljali važan dio razvoja [[Stari Rim|rimske]] države, od oko 500. pr. Kr. do razdoblja proširenja pod [[Rimska Republika|Republikom]] i [[Rimsko Carstvo|Carstvom]].<ref>Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. [http://books.google.com/books?id=aEfvR1Qcd0gC&pg=PA309 Page 309]</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige|last=Forbes|first=Robert James|title=Studies in ancient technology, Volume 2|year=1993|publisher=Brill|isbn=978 90 04 00622 5|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Oi70BovgoQC&pg=PA146&dq=%22Via+Gabina%22+road+built&hl=en&ei=39XjTMPQKMqzhAfP0cnNDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Via%20Gabina%22%20road%20built&f=false|page=146}}</ref> Rimski putevi su omogućili Rimljanima kretanje vojnih snaga i [[rimska trgovina|trgovačkih]] dobara i prenošenje vijesti.<ref>Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Dzv2oZM5_38C&pg=PA9 Page 9]</ref> Sustav rimskih puteva je imao ukupnu dužinu od preko 400,000&nbsp;km, a od čega je preko 80.500&nbsp; bilo popločano.<ref>Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. [http://books.google.com/books?id=y1ngxn_xTOIC&pg=PA9 Page 9].</ref><ref>Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.</ref> Kada je Rim došao na vrhunac moći, iz njega je vodilo najmanje 29 velikih vojnih puteva.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" /> Hills were cut through and deep ravines filled in.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" /> U jednom je trenutku Rimsko Carstvo bilo podijeljeno u 113 provincija kroz koje su prozailo 372 velika puta.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals">Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. [http://books.google.com/books?id=ERQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA320 Page 320].</ref> Samo u [[Rimska Galija|Galiji]] je izgrađeno ili popločano 21.000&nbsp;km puteva, a u Britaniji najmanje 4.000&nbsp;km.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" />
 Rimljani su postali prilično vješti u izgradnji puteva,<ref>Aitken, Thomas. [http://books.google.com/books?id=gMYNAAAAYAAJ Road Making and Maintenance]: A Practical Treatise for Engineers, Surveyors, and Others. London: C. Griffin and Company, Limited, 1900. [http://books.google.com/books?id=gMYNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 Page 1] - 5.</ref> za koje su koristili izraz ''viae''.<ref name="SmithDictionaryAntiquities">Smith (1890).</ref> Oni su bili namijenjeni prijevozu materijala s jedne na drugu lokaciju. Na njima je bilo dozvoljeno hodati i goniti stoku, odnosno voziti različita vozila.<ref name="SmithDictionaryAntiquities" /> ''Viae'' su se obično razlikovale od manjih, obično zemljanih puteva.<ref name="SmithDictionaryAntiquities" />