Razlika između inačica stranice »Fakaleitī«

Trenutačna izmjena od 09:21, 2. siječnja 2022.

Fakaleitī (ili leiti ili fakafefine ili lady), na Tongi, je osoba kojoj je pri rođenju dodijeljen muški spol, ali se rodno izražava kao žena.

Iako se fakaleitī na Tongi ne povezuju nužno s LGBT identitetima u zapadnom svijetu, oni koji odrastaju u tonganskim migrantskim zajednicama na Novom Zelandu, u Australiji i Sjedinjenim Državama mogu pronaći veću razinu zajedništva i sklonosti sličnim identitetima nego fakaleitī u Tongi.

Pojam fakaleitī sastoji se od prefiksa faka- (na način) i posuđenice iz engleskog lady (dama). Sami Fakaleitī radije se nazivaju leitī ili damama. Fakaleitī ili fakafefine slični su samoanskom fa'afafineu i havajskom māhūu.

Udruženje Tonga Leiti organizira natjecanje za Miss Galaxy u Tongi. Također su bili uključeni u reformu zakona na kolonijalni utjecaj o životu fakaleitī koji su ostali na Tongi. 2018. snimljen je dokumentarni film Leitiji na čekanju o vođi fakaleitīja Joeyu Mataeleu i naporima Udruge Tonga Leiti.^[1] Mataele također surađuje s projektom Pacific Equality Project, neprofitnom skupinom koja se zalaže za dekriminalizaciju LGBT naroda iz postkolonijalnih zakona na pacifičkim otocima^[2]

Izvori

Literatura

James, Kerry E. (1994). "Effeminate Males and Changes in the Construction of Gender in Tonga". Pacific Studies 17 (2): 39–69. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/PacificStudies,218
Besnier, Niko (1994). "Polynesian Gender Liminality Through Time and Space". Unutar Herdt, Gilbert. Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. New York: Zone. str. 285–328. ISBN 978-0-942299-82-3
Besnier, Niko (1997). "Sluts and Superwomen: The Politics of Gender Liminality in Urban Tonga". Ethnos 62: 5–31. doi:10.1080/00141844.1997.9981542
Besnier, Niko (2002). "Transgenderism, Locality, and the Miss Galaxy Beauty Pageant in Tonga". American Ethnologist 29: 534–566. doi:10.1525/ae.2002.29.3.534
Besnier, Niko (2003). "Crossing Genders, Mixing Languages: The Linguistic Construction of Transgenderism in Tonga". Unutar Holmes, Janet; Meyerhoff, Miriam. The Handbook of Language and Gender. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. str. 279-301. https://is.muni.cz/el/1423/podzim2012/SAN230/um/the_handbook_of_language_and_gender.pdf
Farran, Sue (2004). "Transsexuals, Fa'afafine, fakaleitī and Marriage Law in the Pacific: Considerations for the Future". Journal of the Polynesian Society (Auckland) 113 (2): 119-142
Besnier, Niko (2004). "The Social Production of Abjection: Desire and Silencing Among Transgender Tongans". Social Anthropology 12: 301–323. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8676.2004.tb00110.x

Vanjske poveznice

Like a Lady in Polynesia

[1] Pacific News Minute: Tonga's Leitis "We Cannot Be Silent Anymore."

[2] The Talanoa Trans Pacific Equality Project.”

[1]

[2]

@@ Redak 12: / Redak 12: @@
 == Literatura==
 * {{cite journal | last1=James |first1= Kerry E. |year= 1994 |title=  Effeminate Males and Changes in the Construction of Gender in Tonga | journal = Pacific Studies |volume= 17 |issue=2 |pages=39–69 | url = http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/PacificStudies,218 }}
-* {{cite book | last=Besnier |first= Niko |year= 1994 |chapter=  Polynesian Gender Liminality Through Time and Space | title=Third Sex, Third Gender:  Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History | editor1-first=Gilbert | editor1-last= Herdt |pages= 285–328 |location=  New York |publisher=  Zone | isbn= 978-0-942299-82-3 }}
+* {{Citiranje knjige | last=Besnier |first= Niko |year= 1994 |chapter=  Polynesian Gender Liminality Through Time and Space | title=Third Sex, Third Gender:  Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History | editor1-first=Gilbert | editor1-last= Herdt |pages= 285–328 |location=  New York |publisher=  Zone | isbn= 978-0-942299-82-3 }}
 * {{cite journal | doi=10.1080/00141844.1997.9981542 | last1=Besnier |first1= Niko |year= 1997 |title=  Sluts and Superwomen: The Politics of Gender Liminality in Urban Tonga | journal = Ethnos |volume= 62 |pages=5–31 }}
 * {{cite journal | last1=Besnier |first1= Niko |year= 2002 |title=  Transgenderism, Locality, and the Miss Galaxy Beauty Pageant in Tonga | journal = American Ethnologist |volume= 29 | pages = 534–566 | doi = 10.1525/ae.2002.29.3.534 }}
-* {{cite book | last=Besnier |first= Niko |year=2003|chapter=  Crossing Genders, Mixing Languages: The Linguistic Construction of Transgenderism in Tonga  | title=The Handbook of Language and Gender|editor1-first=Janet| editor1-last= Holmes|editor2-first=Miriam|editor2-last=Meyerhoff|pages= 279-301|location=Oxford|publisher= Blackwell Publishing Ltd | url = https://is.muni.cz/el/1423/podzim2012/SAN230/um/the_handbook_of_language_and_gender.pdf }}
+* {{Citiranje knjige | last=Besnier |first= Niko |year=2003|chapter=  Crossing Genders, Mixing Languages: The Linguistic Construction of Transgenderism in Tonga  | title=The Handbook of Language and Gender|editor1-first=Janet| editor1-last= Holmes|editor2-first=Miriam|editor2-last=Meyerhoff|pages= 279-301|location=Oxford|publisher= Blackwell Publishing Ltd | url = https://is.muni.cz/el/1423/podzim2012/SAN230/um/the_handbook_of_language_and_gender.pdf }}
 * {{cite journal | last= Farran |first= Sue |year=2004 | title= Transsexuals, Fa'afafine, fakaleitī and Marriage Law in the Pacific: Considerations for the Future | journal=Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume=113|issue=2 |pages=119-142|location=
 Auckland}}