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'''Allen Newell''' ([[San Francisco]], [[19. ožujka]] [[1927.]] — [[Pittsburgh]], [[19. srpnja]] [[1992.]]) je bio američki znanstvenik, jedan od osnivača područja [[umjetna inteligencija|umjetne inteligencije]]. | '''Allen Newell''' ([[San Francisco]], [[19. ožujka]] [[1927.]] — [[Pittsburgh]], [[19. srpnja]] [[1992.]]) je bio američki znanstvenik, jedan od osnivača područja [[umjetna inteligencija|umjetne inteligencije]]. | ||
Njegova polja rada bila su [[računarstvo]] i [[kognitivna psihologija]], a radio je za korporaciju [[RAND]] pri [[Sveučilište Carnegie Mellon|Sveučilištu Carnegie Mellon]]. Pridonio je razvoju [[Information Processing Language]]-a (1956.) i dvjema ranijim [[umjetna inteligencija|AI]] programima, [[stroj logičke teorije]] (1956.) te [[opći rješavač problema]] (1957.) (zajedno s [[Herbert A. Simon|Herbertom A. Simonom]]). Godine 1975., nagrađen je [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]-ovom [[Turingova nagrada|Turingovom nagradom]], za doprinos razvoju umjetne inteligencije i psihologije ljudske kognicije.<ref name="NYT-AllenNewell-died">{{ | Njegova polja rada bila su [[računarstvo]] i [[kognitivna psihologija]], a radio je za korporaciju [[RAND]] pri [[Sveučilište Carnegie Mellon|Sveučilištu Carnegie Mellon]]. Pridonio je razvoju [[Information Processing Language]]-a (1956.) i dvjema ranijim [[umjetna inteligencija|AI]] programima, [[stroj logičke teorije]] (1956.) te [[opći rješavač problema]] (1957.) (zajedno s [[Herbert A. Simon|Herbertom A. Simonom]]). Godine 1975., nagrađen je [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]-ovom [[Turingova nagrada|Turingovom nagradom]], za doprinos razvoju umjetne inteligencije i psihologije ljudske kognicije.<ref name="NYT-AllenNewell-died">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/20/us/allen-newell-65-scientist-founded-a-computing-field.html |title=Allen Newell, 65; Scientist Founded A Computing Field |publisher=The New York Times |date=20. srpnja 1992.|accessdate=28. studenog 2010.}}</ref><ref name="NAS-AllenNewell-Biography">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/anewell.html |title=Allen Newell, Biographical Memoirs|author=Herbert A. Simon |publisher=[[United States National Academy of Sciences]] |accessdate=28. studenog 2010.}}</ref> | ||
== Raniji radovi == | == Raniji radovi == | ||
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* 1971 — John Danz Lecturer, University of Washington | * 1971 — John Danz Lecturer, University of Washington | ||
* 1971 — Harry Goode Memorial Award, [[American Federation of Information Processing Societies]] | * 1971 — Harry Goode Memorial Award, [[American Federation of Information Processing Societies]] | ||
* 1972 — Izabran u članstvo [[United States National Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{ | * 1972 — Izabran u članstvo [[United States National Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir?sid=1021&view=basic&pg=srch |title=Search Deceased Member Data |publisher=United States National Academy of Sciences |accessdate={{Format date|2011|7|16}}}} Search with Newell as last name.</ref> | ||
* 1972 — Elected to Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref name=AAAS>{{ | * 1972 — Elected to Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref name=AAAS>{{Citiranje weba|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter N|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterN.pdf|publisher=[[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|7|16}}}}</ref> | ||
* 1975 — [[A. M. Turing Award]] (with [[Herbert A. Simon]]), [[Association for Computing Machinery]]<ref>{{ | * 1975 — [[A. M. Turing Award]] (with [[Herbert A. Simon]]), [[Association for Computing Machinery]]<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://awards.acm.org/homepage.cfm?srt=all&awd=140 |title=A. M. Turing Award |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|2|10}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212132624/http://awards.acm.org/homepage.cfm?srt=all&awd=140 |archivedate=2009-12-12 }}</ref> | ||
* 1976-77 — [[Guggenheim Fellowship]], [[John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation]]<ref>{{ | * 1976-77 — [[Guggenheim Fellowship]], [[John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation]]<ref>{{Citiranje weba |url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/results?query=Newell&lower_bound=1976&upper_bound=1977&competition=ALL&fellowship_category=ALL&x=17&y=9 |title=Search Fellows |publisher=[[John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|7|18}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032248/http://www.gf.org/fellows/results?query=Newell&lower_bound=1976&upper_bound=1977&competition=ALL&fellowship_category=ALL&x=17&y=9 |archivedate=2012-09-23 }} Search for Newell between 1976 and 1977.</ref> | ||
* 1979 — Alexander C. Williams Jr. Award (with William C. Biel, Robert Chapman and John L. Kennedy), Human Factors Society | * 1979 — Alexander C. Williams Jr. Award (with William C. Biel, Robert Chapman and John L. Kennedy), Human Factors Society | ||
* 1980 — Elected to member of the [[United States National Academy of Engineering]]<ref name="NAE">{{ | * 1980 — Elected to member of the [[United States National Academy of Engineering]]<ref name="NAE">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/Directory20412/28821.aspx |title=NAE Members Directory - Dr. Allen Newell |publisher=[[United States National Academy of Engineering]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|1|22}}}}</ref> | ||
* 1980 — First President, [[American Association for Artificial Intelligence]] | * 1980 — First President, [[American Association for Artificial Intelligence]] | ||
* 1981 — Charter recipient of the [[Computer Pioneer Award]] from the [[IEEE Computer Society]]<ref>{{ | * 1981 — Charter recipient of the [[Computer Pioneer Award]] from the [[IEEE Computer Society]]<ref>{{Citiranje weba |url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/pioneer#_118_tabs_WAR_pluginsui_INSTANCE_d0QT_tab2 |title=Computer Pioneer Charter Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE Computer Society]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|7|16}} |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IHEophMr?url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/pioneer#_118_tabs_WAR_pluginsui_INSTANCE_d0QT_tab2 |archive-date=2013-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
* 1985 — Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, [[American Psychological Association]] | * 1985 — Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, [[American Psychological Association]] | ||
* 1986 — Doctor of Science (Honorary), [[University of Pennsylvania]] | * 1986 — Doctor of Science (Honorary), [[University of Pennsylvania]] | ||
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* 1989 — Doctor in the Behavioral and Social Sciences (Honorary), [[University of Groningen]], The Netherlands | * 1989 — Doctor in the Behavioral and Social Sciences (Honorary), [[University of Groningen]], The Netherlands | ||
* 1989 — William James Fellow Award (charter recipient), [[American Psychological Society]] | * 1989 — William James Fellow Award (charter recipient), [[American Psychological Society]] | ||
* 1990 — [[IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award]]<ref>{{ | * 1990 — [[IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award]]<ref>{{Citiranje weba |url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/piore_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award Recipients |publisher=IEEE |accessdate={{Format date|2010|12|30}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124232834/http://ieee.org/documents/piore_rl.pdf |archive-date=2010-11-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
* 1990 — [[IEEE W.R.G. Baker Prize Paper Award]]<ref>{{ | * 1990 — [[IEEE W.R.G. Baker Prize Paper Award]]<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/baker_rl.pdf |title=IEEE W.R.G. Baker Prize Paper Award Recipients |publisher=IEEE |accessdate={{Format date|2010|11|28}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yCQiCmPi?url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/baker_rl.pdf |archivedate=April 25, 2011 }}</ref> | ||
* 1992 — U.S. [[National Medal of Science]]<ref name="AllenNewell-MedalFromBush">{{ | * 1992 — U.S. [[National Medal of Science]]<ref name="AllenNewell-MedalFromBush">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=254 |title=The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details Allen Newell |publisher=US National Science Foundation |accessdate={{Format date|2010|11|28}}}}</ref> | ||
* 1992 — [[The Franklin Institute]]’s [[Louis E. Levy Medal]]<ref name="LevyMedal_Laureates">{{ | * 1992 — [[The Franklin Institute]]’s [[Louis E. Levy Medal]]<ref name="LevyMedal_Laureates">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LEVY+&sy=1923&ey=1999&name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database - Louis E. Levy Medal Laureates |publisher=[[Franklin Institute]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|1|22}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629195033/http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LEVY+&sy=1923&ey=1999&name=Submit |archivedate=June 29, 2011 }}</ref> | ||
The [[AAAI#ACM - AAAI Allen Newell Award|ACM - AAAI Allen Newell Award]] was named in his honor. The [[Allen Newell Award for Research Excellence|Award for Research Excellence]] of the [[Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science]] was also named in his honor. | The [[AAAI#ACM - AAAI Allen Newell Award|ACM - AAAI Allen Newell Award]] was named in his honor. The [[Allen Newell Award for Research Excellence|Award for Research Excellence]] of the [[Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science]] was also named in his honor. | ||
Trenutačna izmjena od 21:58, 29. travnja 2022.
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| Allen Newell | |
| Rođenje | ožujka 19, 1927 Script error: No such module "SAD grad". |
|---|---|
| Smrt | 19. srpnja 1992. (dob: 65) Script error: No such module "SAD grad". |
| Državljanstvo | SAD |
| Polje | računarstvo kognitivna psihologija |
| Institucija | Sveučilište Carnegie Mellon |
| Alma mater | Sveučilište Stanford Sveučilište Princeton Sveučilište Carnegie Mellon |
| Poznat po | Information Processing Language Soar |
| Istaknute nagrade | Turingova nagrada (1975) National Medal of Science (1992) Medalja Louis E. Levy (1992) |
Allen Newell (San Francisco, 19. ožujka 1927. — Pittsburgh, 19. srpnja 1992.) je bio američki znanstvenik, jedan od osnivača područja umjetne inteligencije.
Njegova polja rada bila su računarstvo i kognitivna psihologija, a radio je za korporaciju RAND pri Sveučilištu Carnegie Mellon. Pridonio je razvoju Information Processing Language-a (1956.) i dvjema ranijim AI programima, stroj logičke teorije (1956.) te opći rješavač problema (1957.) (zajedno s Herbertom A. Simonom). Godine 1975., nagrađen je ACM-ovom Turingovom nagradom, za doprinos razvoju umjetne inteligencije i psihologije ljudske kognicije.[1][2]
Raniji radovi
Newell je diplomirao fiziku na Stanfordu. Postdiplomski studij je nastavio u periodu 1949. — 1950. na Princetonu, gdje je studirao matematiku.
Uslijed rane izloženosti dotad nepoznatom podučju teorije igara i iskustvu sa studija matematike, bio je uvjeren da bi mu kombinacija eksperimenta i teoretskog istraživanja više odgovarala nego čista matematika.
Godine 1950. napušta Princeton i pridružuje se korporaciji RAND Santa Monici, gdje je, prema vlastitom kazivanju, radio u "grupi koja je istraživala logističke probleme za Air Force. Njegov rad sa Josephom Kruskalom doveo je do stvaranja 2 teorije: Model za teoriju organizacije (en. Model for Organization Theory) i Formuliranje preciznih koncepata u teoriji organizacije (en. Formulating Precise Concepts in Organization Theory). Newell je kasnije doktorirao na sveučilištu Carnegie Mellon pod mentorstvom Herberta Simona.
Nakon toga, Newel se, po vlastitom kazivanju, "okreće osmišljavanju i pokretanju laboratorijskih eksperimenata na temu odlučivanja u malim grupama". No, nije bio zadovoljan sa točnošću i validnošću rezultata koji su proizašli iz ovih ograničenih istraživanja. Pridružio se kolegama iz RAND-a (John Kennedy, Bob Chapman i Bill Biel) na projektu sustava ranog upozoravanja (en. Early warning system za Air Force, gdje je proučavao organizacijske procese kod letačkih posada. Godine 1952. su dobili financijsku potporu za izgradnju simulatora kojim bi ispitali i analizirali interakcije u pilotskoj kabini, vezane za donošenje odluka i rukovanje informacijama. Iz ovih istraživanja, Newel je došao do ideje da je obrada informacija središnja aktivnost u organizaciji.
Poveznice
Izvori
- ↑ "Allen Newell, 65; Scientist Founded A Computing Field". The New York Times. 20. srpnja 1992.. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/20/us/allen-newell-65-scientist-founded-a-computing-field.html Pristupljeno 28. studenog 2010.
- ↑ Herbert A. Simon. "Allen Newell, Biographical Memoirs". United States National Academy of Sciences. http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/anewell.html Pristupljeno 28. studenog 2010.
Vanjske poveznice
Daljnje čitanje
- Oral history interview with Allen Newell at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Newell discusses his entry into computer science, funding for computer science departments and research, the development of the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University, including the work of Alan Perlis and Raj Reddy, and the growth of the computer science and artificial intelligence research communities. Compares computer science programs at Stanford, MIT, and Carnegie Mellon.
- Full-text digital archive of Allen Newell papers
- Mind Models online Artificial Intelligence exhibit
- Publications by Allen Newell from Interaction-Design.org
- Allen Newell by Gualtiero Piccinini in New Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Thomson Gale, ed.