Rimske ceste: razlika između inačica

Posljednja izmjena od 18. studeni 2021. u 02:02

Rimske ceste predstavljale su važan dio razvoja rimske države, od oko 500. pr. Kr. do vremena ekspanzije pod Republikom i Carstvom.^[1]^[2] Rimske ceste omogućile su Rimljanima kretanje vojski i trgovačkih dobara te prenošenje vijesti.^[3] Sustav rimskih cesta bio je dug više 400 000 km, od čega je preko 80 500 bilo popločano.^[4]^[5] Kad je Rim bio na vrhuncu moći, iz njega je vodilo najmanje 29 velikih vojnih cesta.^[6] U jednom je trenutku Rimsko Carstvo bilo podijeljeno u 113 provincija kroz koje su se pružale 372 velike ceste.^[6] Samo u Galiji je izgrađeno ili popločano 21 000 km cesta, a u Britaniji najmanje 4 000 km.^[6]

Rimljani su postali prilično vješti u izgradnji cesta,^[7] za koje su koristili izraz viae.^[8] Bile su namijenjene prijevozu materijala s jedne na drugu lokaciju. Na njima je bilo dozvoljeno hodati i goniti stoku, odnosno voziti različita vozila.^[8] Viae su se obično razlikovale od manjih cesta, koji su obično bili zemljani.^[8]

Mreža rimskih cesta bila je važna za održavanje stabilnosti i širenje Carstva. Legije su ih uspješno koristile, a neki od njih se koriste dan-danas, nekoliko tisućljeća kasnije. U kasnoj antici, su, međutim, te ceste doprinijele propasti Carstva jer su olakšavale prodor barbarima u njegovu dubinu.

Izvori

↑ Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Page 309
↑ Lua error in Modul:Citation/CS1 at line 4096: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.
↑ Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. Page 9
↑ Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. Page 9.
↑ Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. Page 320.
↑ Aitken, Thomas. Road Making and Maintenance: A Practical Treatise for Engineers, Surveyors, and Others. London: C. Griffin and Company, Limited, 1900. Page 1 - 5.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Smith (1890).

Vanjske poveznice

[1] Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Page 309

[2] Lua error in Modul:Citation/CS1 at line 4096: data for mw.loadData contains unsupported data type 'function'.

[3] Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. Page 9

[4] Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. Page 9.

[5] Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.

[LWPageArticleRoadsCanals-6] 6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. Page 320.

[7] Aitken, Thomas. Road Making and Maintenance: A Practical Treatise for Engineers, Surveyors, and Others. London: C. Griffin and Company, Limited, 1900. Page 1 - 5.

[SmithDictionaryAntiquities-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Smith (1890).

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@@ Redak 1: / Redak 1: @@
 <!--'''Rimske ceste'''-->[[Datoteka:PompeiiStreet.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Rimska ulica u [[Pompeji]]ma]]
-'''Rimske ceste''' predstavljale su važan dio razvoja [[Stari Rim|rimske]] države, od oko 500. pr. Kr. do vremena ekspanzije pod [[Rimska Republika|Republikom]] i [[Rimsko Carstvo|Carstvom]].<ref>Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. [http://books.google.com/books?id=aEfvR1Qcd0gC&pg=PA309 Page 309]</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Forbes|first=Robert James|title=Studies in ancient technology, Volume 2|year=1993|publisher=Brill|isbn=978 90 04 00622 5|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Oi70BovgoQC&pg=PA146&dq=%22Via+Gabina%22+road+built&hl=en&ei=39XjTMPQKMqzhAfP0cnNDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Via%20Gabina%22%20road%20built&f=false|page=146}}</ref> Rimske ceste omogućile su Rimljanima kretanje [[Rimska vojska|vojski]] i [[Rimska trgovina|trgovačkih]] dobara te prenošenje vijesti.<ref>Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Dzv2oZM5_38C&pg=PA9 Page 9]</ref> Sustav rimskih cesta bio je dug više 400 000 km, od čega je preko 80 500 bilo popločano.<ref>Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. [http://books.google.com/books?id=y1ngxn_xTOIC&pg=PA9 Page 9].</ref><ref>Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.</ref> Kad je Rim bio na vrhuncu moći, iz njega je vodilo najmanje 29 velikih vojnih cesta.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" /> U jednom je trenutku Rimsko Carstvo bilo podijeljeno u 113 provincija kroz koje su se pružale 372 velike ceste.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals">Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. [http://books.google.com/books?id=ERQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA320 Page 320].</ref> Samo u [[Rimska Galija|Galiji]] je izgrađeno ili popločano 21 000 km cesta, a u Britaniji najmanje 4 000 km.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" />
+'''Rimske ceste''' predstavljale su važan dio razvoja [[Stari Rim|rimske]] države, od oko 500. pr. Kr. do vremena ekspanzije pod [[Rimska Republika|Republikom]] i [[Rimsko Carstvo|Carstvom]].<ref>Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. [http://books.google.com/books?id=aEfvR1Qcd0gC&pg=PA309 Page 309]</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige|last=Forbes|first=Robert James|title=Studies in ancient technology, Volume 2|year=1993|publisher=Brill|isbn=978 90 04 00622 5|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Oi70BovgoQC&pg=PA146&dq=%22Via+Gabina%22+road+built&hl=en&ei=39XjTMPQKMqzhAfP0cnNDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Via%20Gabina%22%20road%20built&f=false|page=146}}</ref> Rimske ceste omogućile su Rimljanima kretanje [[Rimska vojska|vojski]] i [[Rimska trgovina|trgovačkih]] dobara te prenošenje vijesti.<ref>Kaszynski, William. The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Dzv2oZM5_38C&pg=PA9 Page 9]</ref> Sustav rimskih cesta bio je dug više 400 000 km, od čega je preko 80 500 bilo popločano.<ref>Gabriel, Richard A. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. [http://books.google.com/books?id=y1ngxn_xTOIC&pg=PA9 Page 9].</ref><ref>Michael Grant, History of Rome (New York: Charles Scribner, 1978), 264.</ref> Kad je Rim bio na vrhuncu moći, iz njega je vodilo najmanje 29 velikih vojnih cesta.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" /> U jednom je trenutku Rimsko Carstvo bilo podijeljeno u 113 provincija kroz koje su se pružale 372 velike ceste.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals">Bailey, L. H., and Wilhelm Miller. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, and Ornantal Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. New York [etc.]: The Macmillan Co, 1900. [http://books.google.com/books?id=ERQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA320 Page 320].</ref> Samo u [[Rimska Galija|Galiji]] je izgrađeno ili popločano 21 000 km cesta, a u Britaniji najmanje 4 000 km.<ref name="LWPageArticleRoadsCanals" />
 Rimljani su postali prilično vješti u izgradnji cesta,<ref>Aitken, Thomas. [http://books.google.com/books?id=gMYNAAAAYAAJ Road Making and Maintenance]: A Practical Treatise for Engineers, Surveyors, and Others. London: C. Griffin and Company, Limited, 1900. [http://books.google.com/books?id=gMYNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 Page 1] - 5.</ref> za koje su koristili izraz ''viae''.<ref name="SmithDictionaryAntiquities">Smith (1890).</ref> Bile su namijenjene prijevozu materijala s jedne na drugu lokaciju. Na njima je bilo dozvoljeno hodati i goniti stoku, odnosno voziti različita vozila.<ref name="SmithDictionaryAntiquities" /> ''Viae'' su se obično razlikovale od manjih cesta, koji su obično bili zemljani.<ref name="SmithDictionaryAntiquities" />