https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Turcizam Turcizam - Povijest promjena 2026-08-06T17:21:28Z Povijest promjena ove stranice na wikiju MediaWiki 1.42.3 https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Turcizam&diff=400911&oldid=prev WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica 2021-12-21T08:12:45Z <p>Bot: Automatski unos stranica</p> <p><b>Nova stranica</b></p><div>&lt;!--&#039;&#039;&#039;Turcizam&#039;&#039;&#039;--&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Turcizam&#039;&#039;&#039; je [[Usvojenice|usvojenica]] u [[Hrvatski jezik|hrvatskom jeziku]] preuzete iz [[Turski jezik|turskog jezika]], koji je utjecao na sve jezike prostora na kojem se rasprostiralo [[Osmansko Carstvo]] u [[Srednji vijek|srednjem]] i [[Novi vijek|novom vijeku]].<br /> <br /> Najčešći su u [[Štokavsko narječje|štokavskom narječju]], a rijetki u drugim narječjima. Mnogi su turcizmi prihvaćeni u standardnom jeziku, neki su rasprostranjeni samo regionalno i dijalektalno, a neki su potisnuti iz upotrebe.<br /> <br /> Turcizam ne implicira isključivo [[riječ]]i izvornog [[Turski jezik|turskog]] ili [[Turkijski jezici|turkijskog]] podrijetla jer većina njih su <br /> [[usvojenice]] i u samom turskom jeziku, pretežito iz [[Perzijski jezik|perzijskog]], [[Grčki jezik|grčkog]] i [[Arapski jezik|arapskog jezika]].<br /> <br /> == Primjeri u standardnom jeziku ==<br /> <br /> Neki primjeri za turcizme ušle u standardni jezik:<br /> <br /> {|style=&quot;background:none;&quot; cellpading=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;<br /> ! &lt;u&gt;[[Hrvatski jezik|hrvatski]]&lt;/u&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! &lt;u&gt;[[Turski jezik|turski]]&lt;/u&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! &lt;u&gt;izvornik&lt;/u&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[alat]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;âlet&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;ālāt&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bakar (element)|bakar]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;bakır&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[boja]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;boya&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[bubreg]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;böbrek&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;budala&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;budala&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;badal&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[bunar]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;pınar&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;čak&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;çak&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;čak&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[čarapa]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;çorap&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;đūrāb&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[čičak]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;çiçek&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[čelik]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;çelik&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;ćup&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kȕp&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;kūp&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[dadilja]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;dadı&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;dādā&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[dućan]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;dükkyan&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;duhkān&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[dugme]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;düǧme&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;tukme&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[deva]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;deve&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;džep&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;cep&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;ǧäyb&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;fitilj&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;fitil&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;fätīl&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[jastuk]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;yastık&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[jogurt]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;yoǧurt&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[krevet]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kerevet&#039;&#039; || ← || grč. &#039;&#039;kreváti&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;kat&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kat&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[kula]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kule&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;koleh&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;kutija&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kûtu&#039;&#039; || ← || grč. &#039;&#039;kouti&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[majmun]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;maymun&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;maimūn&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;oluk&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;oluk&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;ortak&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;ortak&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[pamuk]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;panbuk&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;pambeh&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;papuča&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;pabuç&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;pāpūš&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[patlidžan]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;patlıcan&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;bâdendžân&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[pekmez]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;pekmez&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;begmāz&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[rakija]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;raki&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;arak&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sat (instrument)|sat]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;sâat&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;sât&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[šećer]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;şeker&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;šekar&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[tava]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;tava&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. tābe<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;tavan&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;tavan&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;torba&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;torba&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Obrt|zanat]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;sanat&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;sana&#039;&#039;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Primjeri izvan standardnog jezika ==<br /> <br /> Neki turcizmi koji nisu ušli u standardni jezik ili se osjećaju kao strane riječi:<br /> <br /> {|style=&quot;background:none;&quot; cellpading=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;<br /> ! &lt;u&gt;[[Hrvatski jezik|hrvatski]]&lt;/u&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! &lt;u&gt;[[Turski jezik|turski]]&lt;/u&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! &lt;u&gt;izvornik&lt;/u&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[barjak]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;bayrak&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;bajrak&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[ćevap]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kebap&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;kabâb&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;merak&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;merak&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;mariki&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Anđeo|melek]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;melek&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;málak&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Vlaga|memla]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;nemli&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;nemli&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[paša]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;paşa&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;padšah&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Čavao|ekser]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;ekser&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Novac|pare]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;para&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;pāre&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Žlica|kašika]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kaşık&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;kašek&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;kijamet&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kıyamet&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;kijāma&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;ćufte&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;köfte&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;kūfte&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;kapija&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;kapı&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[jorgovan]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;erguvan&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;argovan&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dvorište|avlija]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;avlı&#039;&#039; || ← || grč. &#039;&#039;aulḗ&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;komšija&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;komşu&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;jok&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;yok&#039;&#039; ||||<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Prozor|pendžer]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;pencere&#039;&#039; || ← || perz. &#039;&#039;pendžereh&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ulica|sokak]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || ← || &#039;&#039;sokak&#039;&#039; || ← || arap. &#039;&#039;zukāk&#039;&#039;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Budući da turski sadrži glasove kojih u hrvatskom nema, pri posuđivanju je došlo do nekih glasovnih promjena, koje se uglavnom svode na prilagođavanje turskih glasova &#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;ı&#039;&#039; kojih nema u hrvatskom. Neke riječi su dobile nastavke da bi odgovarale hrvatskim imenicama ženskog roda (npr. &#039;&#039;čarapa&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;kula&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;kutija&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;rakija&#039;&#039;).<br /> <br /> == Literatura ==<br /> * Dalibor Buljan Klapirić: &#039;&#039;Turcizmi u govoru i narodnim pjesmama Imotske krajine&#039;&#039; ([[2001.]])<br /> * Milan Nosić: &#039;&#039;Rječnik posuđenica iz turskog jezika&#039;&#039;, (Maveda, [[Rijeka]], [[2005.]]), {{ISBN|953-7029-01-8}}<br /> <br /> == Vanjske poveznice ==<br /> <br /> * [[Dalibor Brozović]]: &quot;[http://www.matica.hr/Vijenac/Vij173.nsf/AllWebDocs/DaliborBrozovicPRVOLICEJEDNINE Odoše Turci, ostaše turcizmi]&quot;, [[Vijenac (časopis)|Vijenac]], Broj 173, 19. listopada 2000.<br /> * [http://hjp.znanje.hr/ Hrvatski jezični portal]<br /> <br /> [[Kategorija:Posuđenice]]</div> WikiSysop