Sirijska pustinja - Povijest promjena

Suradnik10: Zamjena teksta - '{{Citiranje web|' u '{{citiranje weba|'

2025-09-14T00:49:38Z

Zamjena teksta - '{{Citiranje web|' u '{{citiranje weba|'

Suradnik10: Zamjena teksta - '{{Citiranje web |' u '{{citiranje weba|'

2025-09-14T00:31:04Z

Zamjena teksta - '{{Citiranje web |' u '{{citiranje weba|'

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 14. rujan 2025. u 00:31
Redak 1:		Redak 1:
	{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}		{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}
	[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]		[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]
	'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{Citiranje web\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{~~Citiranje web~~ \|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>		'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{Citiranje web\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citiranje weba\|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>

	== Lokacija i ime ==		== Lokacija i ime ==
Redak 42:		Redak 42:
	-->		-->
	== Gospodarstvo i poljoprivreda ==		== Gospodarstvo i poljoprivreda ==
	Uz niske [[oborine]] i slabu kvalitetu tla, područje se uglavnom koristi za ispašu stoke. [[Beduini\|beduinski]] pastiri, od kojih mnogi još uvijek žive kao [[nomadi]], uzgajaju oko 12 milijuna [[ovca\|ovaca]] i [[koza]], kao i manji broj [[deva]].<ref name=IFAD>{{~~Citiranje web~~ \|url=http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/voice/tags/syria/syria_green \|title=The grass is greener: rehabilitating the Syrian Badia \|work=Rural Poverty Portal \|publisher=IFAD \|accessdate=11 December 2019}}</ref>		Uz niske [[oborine]] i slabu kvalitetu tla, područje se uglavnom koristi za ispašu stoke. [[Beduini\|beduinski]] pastiri, od kojih mnogi još uvijek žive kao [[nomadi]], uzgajaju oko 12 milijuna [[ovca\|ovaca]] i [[koza]], kao i manji broj [[deva]].<ref name=IFAD>{{citiranje weba\|url=http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/voice/tags/syria/syria_green \|title=The grass is greener: rehabilitating the Syrian Badia \|work=Rural Poverty Portal \|publisher=IFAD \|accessdate=11 December 2019}}</ref>

	[[Međunarodni fond za poljoprivredni razvoj]], koji ima za cilj ublažavanje ruralnog [[Siromaštvo\|siromaštva]], godine 1995. je u suradnji sa [[Sirijska vlada\|sirijskom vladom]] pokrenuo je projekt rehabilitacije više od milijun [[hektar]]a degradirane zemlje u sirijskoj Badiji. U nekim je područjima, kad je paša bila ograničena, došlo do spontanog povratka mnogih autohtonih biljaka. U ostalim područjima koja su bila znatno degradirana, ograničenja ispaše dopunjena su ponovnim sjetvom i sadnjom krmnih vrsta. Do trenutka završetka projekta 2010. godine zasađeno je gotovo četvrt milijuna hektara, a zasađeno je gotovo stotinu tisuća hektara domaćim krmnim grmljem. Rezultat je bio velik uspjeh, jer su neki stočari prijavili desetostruko povećanje produktivnosti stoke.<ref name="IFAD" />		[[Međunarodni fond za poljoprivredni razvoj]], koji ima za cilj ublažavanje ruralnog [[Siromaštvo\|siromaštva]], godine 1995. je u suradnji sa [[Sirijska vlada\|sirijskom vladom]] pokrenuo je projekt rehabilitacije više od milijun [[hektar]]a degradirane zemlje u sirijskoj Badiji. U nekim je područjima, kad je paša bila ograničena, došlo do spontanog povratka mnogih autohtonih biljaka. U ostalim područjima koja su bila znatno degradirana, ograničenja ispaše dopunjena su ponovnim sjetvom i sadnjom krmnih vrsta. Do trenutka završetka projekta 2010. godine zasađeno je gotovo četvrt milijuna hektara, a zasađeno je gotovo stotinu tisuća hektara domaćim krmnim grmljem. Rezultat je bio velik uspjeh, jer su neki stočari prijavili desetostruko povećanje produktivnosti stoke.<ref name="IFAD" />

WikiSysop: file->datoteka

2022-05-08T06:51:38Z

file->datoteka

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 8. svibanj 2022. u 06:51
Redak 25:		Redak 25:
	== Povijest==		== Povijest==
	=== Antičko doba ===		=== Antičko doba ===
	[[~~File~~:Syria 133 - Palmyra - Theatre.jpg\|thumb\|left\|[[Palmira]] je bila važno [[trgovina\|trgovačko]] središte smješteno u samom središtu pustinje.]]		[[Datoteka:Syria 133 - Palmyra - Theatre.jpg\|thumb\|left\|[[Palmira]] je bila važno [[trgovina\|trgovačko]] središte smješteno u samom središtu pustinje.]]
	Pustinja je od pradavnih vremena bila naseljena [[beduini\|beduinskim]] [[Pleme\|plemenima]], a mnoga od tih plemena i danas žive u njoj, uglavnom u gradovima i naseljima pokraj [[oaza]]. Neki se Beduini i danas pridržavaju načina života.		Pustinja je od pradavnih vremena bila naseljena [[beduini\|beduinskim]] [[Pleme\|plemenima]], a mnoga od tih plemena i danas žive u njoj, uglavnom u gradovima i naseljima pokraj [[oaza]]. Neki se Beduini i danas pridržavaju načina života.
	<!--		<!--

WikiSysop: bny

2022-04-14T08:56:27Z

bny

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 14. travanj 2022. u 08:56
Redak 1:		Redak 1:
	~~<!--'''Sirijska pustinja'''-->~~{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}		{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}
	[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]		[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]
	'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{Citiranje web\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web \|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>		'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{Citiranje web\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web \|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite book +{{Citiranje knjige)

2022-01-02T21:04:03Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite book +{{Citiranje knjige)

Prikaži promjene

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite web +{{Citiranje web)

2021-12-08T07:39:15Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite web +{{Citiranje web)

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite news +{{Citiranje novina)

2021-12-06T05:54:08Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite news +{{Citiranje novina)

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 6. prosinac 2021. u 05:54
Redak 39:		Redak 39:

	The desert was first traversed by motor vehicle in 1919.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Grant\|first1=Christina Phelps\|title=The Syrian desert : caravans, travel and exploration\|date=2003\|publisher=Taylor and Francis\|location=Hoboken\|isbn=9781136192715\|page=273\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4d-3AAAAQBAJ}}</ref>		The desert was first traversed by motor vehicle in 1919.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Grant\|first1=Christina Phelps\|title=The Syrian desert : caravans, travel and exploration\|date=2003\|publisher=Taylor and Francis\|location=Hoboken\|isbn=9781136192715\|page=273\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4d-3AAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
	During the [[Iraq War]], the desert served as a major supply line for the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)\|Iraqi resistance]], with the Iraq portion of the desert becoming a primary stronghold of the [[Sunni]] resistance operating in the [[Al Anbar Governorate]], particularly after the Coalition capture of [[Fallujah]] during the [[Second Battle of Fallujah]]. A series of Coalition military operations were relatively ineffective at removing the resistance presence in the Desert. As the resistance began to gain control of the surrounding areas, coalition spokesmen began to downplay the importance of the Syrian desert as a center of operations; nevertheless the Syrian Desert remains one of the primary routes for smuggling equipment due to its location near the Syrian border. By September 2006 the resistance had gained control of virtually all of the Anbar Governorate and had moved most of their forces, equipment and leaders further east to resistance-controlled cities near the Euphrates river.<ref>{{~~cite news~~\|author= \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15362568 \|title=U.S. diplomat apologizes for remarks \|publisher=NBC News \|date=2006-10-22 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{~~cite news~~\|first=Ellen \|last=Knickmeyer \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/29/AR2006052901172_pf.html \|title=U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq \|publisher=Washingtonpost.com \|date=2006-05-29 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{~~cite news~~\|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120525180025/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2012-05-25 \|title=WP: U.S. to reinforce troops in west Iraq \|publisher=MSNBC \|date=2006-05-30 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|author= \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components \|title=Situation Called Dire in West Iraq \|publisher=Washington Post \|date=2006-09-10 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref>		During the [[Iraq War]], the desert served as a major supply line for the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)\|Iraqi resistance]], with the Iraq portion of the desert becoming a primary stronghold of the [[Sunni]] resistance operating in the [[Al Anbar Governorate]], particularly after the Coalition capture of [[Fallujah]] during the [[Second Battle of Fallujah]]. A series of Coalition military operations were relatively ineffective at removing the resistance presence in the Desert. As the resistance began to gain control of the surrounding areas, coalition spokesmen began to downplay the importance of the Syrian desert as a center of operations; nevertheless the Syrian Desert remains one of the primary routes for smuggling equipment due to its location near the Syrian border. By September 2006 the resistance had gained control of virtually all of the Anbar Governorate and had moved most of their forces, equipment and leaders further east to resistance-controlled cities near the Euphrates river.<ref>{{Citiranje novina\|author= \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15362568 \|title=U.S. diplomat apologizes for remarks \|publisher=NBC News \|date=2006-10-22 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje novina\|first=Ellen \|last=Knickmeyer \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/29/AR2006052901172_pf.html \|title=U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq \|publisher=Washingtonpost.com \|date=2006-05-29 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje novina\|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120525180025/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2012-05-25 \|title=WP: U.S. to reinforce troops in west Iraq \|publisher=MSNBC \|date=2006-05-30 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|author= \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components \|title=Situation Called Dire in West Iraq \|publisher=Washington Post \|date=2006-09-10 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref>
	-->		-->
	== Gospodarstvo i poljoprivreda ==		== Gospodarstvo i poljoprivreda ==

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{Cite web +{{Citiranje weba)

2021-11-25T04:20:13Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{Cite web +{{Citiranje weba)

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 25. studeni 2021. u 04:20
Redak 1:		Redak 1:
	<!--'''Sirijska pustinja'''-->{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}		<!--'''Sirijska pustinja'''-->{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}
	[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]		[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]
	'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{~~Cite web~~\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{cite book\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>		'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{cite book\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>

	== Lokacija i ime ==		== Lokacija i ime ==

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica

2021-11-25T00:46:42Z

Bot: Automatski unos stranica

Nova stranica

{{Coord|33|33|33|N|38|83|33|E|display=title}}
[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png|mini|250x250px|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]
'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453|title=Grasslands of the World|author1=Suttie, J.M.|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.|author3=Batello, Caterina|publisher=FAO|year=2005|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic|publisher=FAO|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Nathaniel|last2=Parker|first2=Steve|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{cite book|last1=Betts|first1=Alison|author-link=Alison Betts|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.|date=1996|publisher=Collis Publication|location=England|isbn=9781850756149|page=1|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html |title=Syrian Desert |accessdate=December 12 2019 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html |archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New International Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795|year=1914|publisher=Dodd, Mead|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>

== Lokacija i ime ==
Pustinja je omeđena [[Orontes|Dolinom rijeke Orontes]] i [[vulkansko područje|vulkanskim područjima]] [[Harrat al-Sham]]a prema zapadu, te [[Eufrat]]om na istoku. Na sjeveru, pustinja se pretvara u plodnija travnata područja, dok se na jugu pretapa u [[Arabijska pustinja|Arabijsku pustinju]].<ref name="betts"/>

Prema nekim izvorima, Sirijska pustinja i "Pustinja Hamad" su sinonimi<ref name="britannica41">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JixQAQAAMAAJ&q=Nafud+hamad+deserts|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge, Volume 2|date=1941|page=173|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref>, dok drugi izvori ime Hamad vežu za južnu središnju visoravan<ref>{{cite web|title=Syrian Desert|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Syrian-Desert|website=Britannica.com|accessdate=December 12 2019|date=1999}}</ref>, dok neki cijelu regiju nazivaju Hamad, a ''Sirijsku pustinju'' izjednačavaju s njenim sjevernim dijelom.<ref>{{cite book|title=The International Whitaker, Volume 2|date=1913|publisher=International Whitaker|page=62|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZrJPAAAAMAAJ&dq=hamad|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Neki dijelovi Sirijske pustinje imaju zasebna imena, pa se tako područja oko gradova [[Palmira|Palmire]] i [[Homs]]a poknekad nazivaju ''Palmirska pustinja'' ili ''Homska pustinja''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Annual Review, Volume 2|date=1973|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|page=476.|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K2YDAAAAMAAJ&q=%22homs+desert%22|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Istočni dio Sirijske pustinje, u području sirijsko-iračke granice, tj. na zapadu Iraka, se u Iraku ponekad naziva ''Zapadna pustinja''.<ref name="Sumer-Vol20">{{cite journal|last1=Mudīrīyat al-Āthār al-Qadīmah al-ʻĀmmah|title=Sumer|date=1964|volume=20|page=10|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LkdRAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Directorate General of Antiquities.|language=en|quote=The western desert of Iraq forms the eastern half of the Badiyat ash-Sham (The Syrian Desert)}}</ref><ref name="AreaHandbook1956">{{cite book|last1=Studies|first1=Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International|title=Area Handbook on Iraq|date=1956|publisher=Pr. by Human Relations Area Files|page=34|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XlcdAQAAMAAJ|language=en|quote=The Western Desert. The western reaches of Iraq form part of the "Badiyat al-Sham" or "al-Shamiya", the Syrian Desert.}}</ref>
[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert (5079180729).jpg|mini|250x250px|Sirijska pustinja]]
Sirijska pustinja je poznata i pod nazivom ''Shamiyah''.<ref name=McIntosh>{{cite book|last1=McIntosh|first1=Jane|title=Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives|date=2005|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=9781576079652|page=11|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9veK7E2JwkUC&pg=PA11&dq="Shamiyah+desert"|accessdate=December 12 2019|ref=McIntosh|language=en}}</ref>
te '''Badiyat al-Sham''' (ili ''Badiyat ash-Sham'')<ref name="AreaHandbook1956"/><ref name="Sumer-Vol20"/>

== Zemljopis ==
U središtu pustinje nalazi se [[Visoravan|plato]] Hamad, regija na nadmorskoj visini između 700 i 900 [[Nadmorska visina|m n/m]], ravna, [[Stijena|kamena]] [[polupustinja]] od [[vapnenac|vapnenačkog]] tla s [[rožnjak|rožnjačkim]] [[Šljunak|šljunkom]]. Ono malo [[Kiša|kiše]] što padne na plato otiče u lokalne [[slana ravnica|slane ravnice]] (''Sabkha''). Najveći vrhovi na platou su [[Khawr um Wual]] u [[Saudijska Arabija|Saudijskioj Arabiji]] (oko 1000 m/nm) i [[Jebel Aneiza]] (960 m/nm) na [[tromeđa|tromeđi]] [[Jordan]]a, [[Irak]]a i S. Arabije<ref name=wagner>{{cite book|last1=Wagner|first1=Wolfgang|title=Groundwater in the Arab Middle East|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9783642193514|page=141|accessdate=2 February 2017|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0dFttVkr2uwC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jebel ‘Aneiza, Saudi Arabia|url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4361447&fid=5593&c=saudi_arabia|website=geographic.org|accessdate=2 February 2017}}</ref>

Zajedno s pustinjama [[Arapski poluotok|Arapskog poluotoka]], ova je pustinja opisana kao jedna od najsuših pustinja na svijetu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Transboundary Aquifers, Challenges and New Directions|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002116/211661e.pdf|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=2 February 2017|location=Paris|page=4|date=December 2010}}</ref>

== Živi svijet ==
Neke od biljaka Sirijske pustinje su ''[[Salsola vermiculata]]'', ''[[Stipa barbata]]'', ''[[Artemisia herba-alba]]'' i ''[[Atriplex leucoclada]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Pustinjski [[ekosustav]] je ugrožen sušom, pretjeranom ispašom, lovom i drugim ljudskim aktivnostima. Neke autohtone životinje više ne žive u ovom području, a mnoge [[cvjetnica|cvjetnice]] su [[izumiranje|izumrle]], te zamijenjene [[trava]]ma s nižom prehrambenom vrijednošću za stoku.<ref name="GEF">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdIsm-GYtTAC&pg=PA17|title=GEF Country Portfolio Evaluation: Syria (1994–2008)|publisher=GEF Evaluation Office|isbn=978-1-933992-24-2|page=17}}</ref>

Sirijska pustinja je postojbina [[sirijski hrčak|sirijskog hrčka]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=McPherson|first1=Charles W.|title=Laboratory hamsters|date=1987|publisher=Academic Press|location=Orlando|isbn=9780127141657|page=216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PKxPVW25SUYC|accessdate=2 February 2017}}</ref>

[[Roda|Rode]], [[čaplja|čaplje]], [[ždral]]ovi, manje barske ptice, [[patkarice]], kao i [[grabežljivci]] posjećuju sezonska jezera. Mali su [[glodavci]] uobičajeni, kao i njihovi grabežljivci kao što su [[zmije]], [[Škorpion]]i i [[lažni pauci]]. U prošlosti su tu boravili i [[gazela|gazele]], [[vuk]]ovi, [[čagalj|čagljevi]], [[lisica|lisice]], [[mačke]] i [[karakal]]i, [[noj]]evi, [[čita|čite]], ''[[Alcelaphus buselaphus]]'' i [[kulan]]. Veći [[sisavci]] se više ne mogu naći, a vjeruje se da je to posljedica [[lov]]a od strane ljudi.<ref name="betts" /><ref name="McIntosh" />

== Povijest==
=== Antičko doba ===
[[File:Syria 133 - Palmyra - Theatre.jpg|thumb|left|[[Palmira]] je bila važno [[trgovina|trgovačko]] središte smješteno u samom središtu pustinje.]]
Pustinja je od pradavnih vremena bila naseljena [[beduini|beduinskim]] [[Pleme|plemenima]], a mnoga od tih plemena i danas žive u njoj, uglavnom u gradovima i naseljima pokraj [[oaza]]. Neki se Beduini i danas pridržavaju načina života.

=== Moderna povijest ===

== Gospodarstvo i poljoprivreda ==
Uz niske [[oborine]] i slabu kvalitetu tla, područje se uglavnom koristi za ispašu stoke. [[Beduini|beduinski]] pastiri, od kojih mnogi još uvijek žive kao [[nomadi]], uzgajaju oko 12 milijuna [[ovca|ovaca]] i [[koza]], kao i manji broj [[deva]].<ref name=IFAD>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/voice/tags/syria/syria_green |title=The grass is greener: rehabilitating the Syrian Badia |work=Rural Poverty Portal |publisher=IFAD |accessdate=11 December 2019}}</ref>

[[Međunarodni fond za poljoprivredni razvoj]], koji ima za cilj ublažavanje ruralnog [[Siromaštvo|siromaštva]], godine 1995. je u suradnji sa [[Sirijska vlada|sirijskom vladom]] pokrenuo je projekt rehabilitacije više od milijun [[hektar]]a degradirane zemlje u sirijskoj Badiji. U nekim je područjima, kad je paša bila ograničena, došlo do spontanog povratka mnogih autohtonih biljaka. U ostalim područjima koja su bila znatno degradirana, ograničenja ispaše dopunjena su ponovnim sjetvom i sadnjom krmnih vrsta. Do trenutka završetka projekta 2010. godine zasađeno je gotovo četvrt milijuna hektara, a zasađeno je gotovo stotinu tisuća hektara domaćim krmnim grmljem. Rezultat je bio velik uspjeh, jer su neki stočari prijavili desetostruko povećanje produktivnosti stoke.<ref name="IFAD" />

== Vidi još ==
* [[Arabijska pustinja]]
* [[Plodni polumjesec]]

== Izvori ==
{{izvori|2}}

[[Kategorija:Pustinje]]

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 14. rujan 2025. u 00:49
Redak 1:		Redak 1:
	{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}		{{Coord\|33\|33\|33\|N\|38\|83\|33\|E\|display=title}}
	[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]		[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert.png\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja na topografskom zemljovidu]]
	'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{~~Citiranje web~~\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citiranje weba\|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>		'''Sirijska pustinja''' ([[Arapski jezik\|arapski]]: بادية الشام, ''Bādiyat al-Shām''), poznata i kao '''Sirijska stepa''', '''Jordanska stepa''' ili '''Badia''',<ref name=":0">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBA_HxFizNgC&pg=PA453\|title=Grasslands of the World\|author1=Suttie, J.M.\|author2=Reynolds, Stephen G.\|author3=Batello, Caterina\|publisher=FAO\|year=2005\|isbn=978-92-5-105337-9\|page=453.}}</ref> je regija [[pustinja]], [[Stepska klima\|polupustinja]] i [[stepa]] koje pokriva 500.000 km<sup>2</sup> [[Bliski istok\|Bliskog istoka]], uključujući dijelove [[Sirija\|Sirije]], sjeveroistočnog [[Jordan]]a, sjeverne [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijske Arabije]] i zapadnog [[Irak]]a. Pokriva 85 % površine Jordana<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.badiafund.gov.jo/en/node/310\|title=Jordan Badia {{!}} The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia\|website=www.badiafund.gov.jo\|access-date=December 12 2019}}</ref> i 55 % Sirije.<ref>{{citiranje weba\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5097e/y5097e04.htm\|title=The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic\|publisher=FAO\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Na jugu se stapa s [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijskom pustinjom]].<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Harris\|first1=Nathaniel\|last2=Parker\|first2=Steve\|title=Atlas of the World's Deserts\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNCWeuxKR2gC&pg=PA49\|year=2003\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-57958-310-1\|page=49.}}</ref> Ovo područje reljefno je otvoreno, kameno<!--or gravelly [[desert pavement]]-->, mjestimice ispresijecano s [[vadi]]jima.<ref name=betts>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Betts\|first1=Alison\|author-link=Alison Betts\|title=The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in Eastern Jordan, vol. 1.\|date=1996\|publisher=Collis Publication\|location=England\|isbn=9781850756149\|page=1\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvKfQAST33YC\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citiranje weba\|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|title=Syrian Desert \|accessdate=December 12 2019 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113195931/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572123/Syrian_Desert.html \|archivedate=January 13, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=New International Encyclopedia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRUoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA795\|year=1914\|publisher=Dodd, Mead\|page=795}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579014/Syrian-Desert Syrian Desert, Encarta]</ref>

	== Lokacija i ime ==		== Lokacija i ime ==
	Pustinja je omeđena [[Orontes\|Dolinom rijeke Orontes]] i [[vulkansko područje\|vulkanskim područjima]] [[Harrat al-Sham]]a prema zapadu, te [[Eufrat]]om na istoku. Na sjeveru, pustinja se pretvara u plodnija travnata područja, dok se na jugu pretapa u [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijsku pustinju]].<ref name="betts"/>		Pustinja je omeđena [[Orontes\|Dolinom rijeke Orontes]] i [[vulkansko područje\|vulkanskim područjima]] [[Harrat al-Sham]]a prema zapadu, te [[Eufrat]]om na istoku. Na sjeveru, pustinja se pretvara u plodnija travnata područja, dok se na jugu pretapa u [[Arabijska pustinja\|Arabijsku pustinju]].<ref name="betts"/>

	Prema nekim izvorima, Sirijska pustinja i "Pustinja Hamad" su sinonimi<ref name="britannica41">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JixQAQAAMAAJ&q=Nafud+hamad+deserts\|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge, Volume 2\|date=1941\|page=173\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref>, dok drugi izvori ime Hamad vežu za južnu središnju visoravan<ref>{{~~Citiranje web~~\|title=Syrian Desert\|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Syrian-Desert\|website=Britannica.com\|accessdate=December 12 2019\|date=1999}}</ref>, dok neki cijelu regiju nazivaju Hamad, a ''Sirijsku pustinju'' izjednačavaju s njenim sjevernim dijelom.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=The International Whitaker, Volume 2\|date=1913\|publisher=International Whitaker\|page=62\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZrJPAAAAMAAJ&dq=hamad\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Neki dijelovi Sirijske pustinje imaju zasebna imena, pa se tako područja oko gradova [[Palmira\|Palmire]] i [[Homs]]a poknekad nazivaju ''Palmirska pustinja'' ili ''Homska pustinja''.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=Annual Review, Volume 2\|date=1973\|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses\|page=476.\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K2YDAAAAMAAJ&q=%22homs+desert%22\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Istočni dio Sirijske pustinje, u području sirijsko-iračke granice, tj. na zapadu Iraka, se u Iraku ponekad naziva ''Zapadna pustinja''.<ref name="Sumer-Vol20">{{cite journal\|last1=Mudīrīyat al-Āthār al-Qadīmah al-ʻĀmmah\|title=Sumer\|date=1964\|volume=20\|page=10\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LkdRAQAAMAAJ\|publisher=Directorate General of Antiquities.\|language=en\|quote=The western desert of Iraq forms the eastern half of the Badiyat ash-Sham (The Syrian Desert)}}</ref><ref name="AreaHandbook1956">{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Studies\|first1=Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International\|title=Area Handbook on Iraq\|date=1956\|publisher=Pr. by Human Relations Area Files\|page=34\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XlcdAQAAMAAJ\|language=en\|quote=The Western Desert. The western reaches of Iraq form part of the "Badiyat al-Sham" or "al-Shamiya", the Syrian Desert.}}</ref>		Prema nekim izvorima, Sirijska pustinja i "Pustinja Hamad" su sinonimi<ref name="britannica41">{{Citiranje knjige\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JixQAQAAMAAJ&q=Nafud+hamad+deserts\|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge, Volume 2\|date=1941\|page=173\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref>, dok drugi izvori ime Hamad vežu za južnu središnju visoravan<ref>{{citiranje weba\|title=Syrian Desert\|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Syrian-Desert\|website=Britannica.com\|accessdate=December 12 2019\|date=1999}}</ref>, dok neki cijelu regiju nazivaju Hamad, a ''Sirijsku pustinju'' izjednačavaju s njenim sjevernim dijelom.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=The International Whitaker, Volume 2\|date=1913\|publisher=International Whitaker\|page=62\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZrJPAAAAMAAJ&dq=hamad\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Neki dijelovi Sirijske pustinje imaju zasebna imena, pa se tako područja oko gradova [[Palmira\|Palmire]] i [[Homs]]a poknekad nazivaju ''Palmirska pustinja'' ili ''Homska pustinja''.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|title=Annual Review, Volume 2\|date=1973\|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses\|page=476.\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K2YDAAAAMAAJ&q=%22homs+desert%22\|accessdate=December 12 2019}}</ref> Istočni dio Sirijske pustinje, u području sirijsko-iračke granice, tj. na zapadu Iraka, se u Iraku ponekad naziva ''Zapadna pustinja''.<ref name="Sumer-Vol20">{{cite journal\|last1=Mudīrīyat al-Āthār al-Qadīmah al-ʻĀmmah\|title=Sumer\|date=1964\|volume=20\|page=10\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LkdRAQAAMAAJ\|publisher=Directorate General of Antiquities.\|language=en\|quote=The western desert of Iraq forms the eastern half of the Badiyat ash-Sham (The Syrian Desert)}}</ref><ref name="AreaHandbook1956">{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Studies\|first1=Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International\|title=Area Handbook on Iraq\|date=1956\|publisher=Pr. by Human Relations Area Files\|page=34\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XlcdAQAAMAAJ\|language=en\|quote=The Western Desert. The western reaches of Iraq form part of the "Badiyat al-Sham" or "al-Shamiya", the Syrian Desert.}}</ref>
	[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert (5079180729).jpg\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja]]		[[Datoteka:Syrian Desert (5079180729).jpg\|mini\|250x250px\|Sirijska pustinja]]
	Sirijska pustinja je poznata i pod nazivom ''Shamiyah''.<ref name=McIntosh>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=McIntosh\|first1=Jane\|title=Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives\|date=2005\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|location=Santa Barbara\|isbn=9781576079652\|page=11\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9veK7E2JwkUC&pg=PA11&dq="Shamiyah+desert"\|accessdate=December 12 2019\|ref=McIntosh\|language=en}}</ref>		Sirijska pustinja je poznata i pod nazivom ''Shamiyah''.<ref name=McIntosh>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=McIntosh\|first1=Jane\|title=Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives\|date=2005\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|location=Santa Barbara\|isbn=9781576079652\|page=11\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9veK7E2JwkUC&pg=PA11&dq="Shamiyah+desert"\|accessdate=December 12 2019\|ref=McIntosh\|language=en}}</ref>
Redak 12:		Redak 12:

	== Zemljopis ==		== Zemljopis ==
	U središtu pustinje nalazi se [[Visoravan\|plato]] Hamad, regija na nadmorskoj visini između 700 i 900 [[Nadmorska visina\|m n/m]], ravna, [[Stijena\|kamena]] [[polupustinja]] od [[vapnenac\|vapnenačkog]] tla s [[rožnjak\|rožnjačkim]] [[Šljunak\|šljunkom]]. Ono malo [[Kiša\|kiše]] što padne na plato otiče u lokalne [[slana ravnica\|slane ravnice]] (''Sabkha''). Najveći vrhovi na platou su [[Khawr um Wual]] u [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijskioj Arabiji]] (oko 1000 m/nm) i [[Jebel Aneiza]] (960 m/nm) na [[tromeđa\|tromeđi]] [[Jordan]]a, [[Irak]]a i S. Arabije<ref name=wagner>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Wagner\|first1=Wolfgang\|title=Groundwater in the Arab Middle East\|date=2011\|publisher=Springer\|location=New York\|isbn=9783642193514\|page=141\|accessdate=2 February 2017\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0dFttVkr2uwC}}</ref><ref>{{~~Citiranje web~~\|title=Jebel ‘Aneiza, Saudi Arabia\|url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4361447&fid=5593&c=saudi_arabia\|website=geographic.org\|accessdate=2 February 2017}}</ref>		U središtu pustinje nalazi se [[Visoravan\|plato]] Hamad, regija na nadmorskoj visini između 700 i 900 [[Nadmorska visina\|m n/m]], ravna, [[Stijena\|kamena]] [[polupustinja]] od [[vapnenac\|vapnenačkog]] tla s [[rožnjak\|rožnjačkim]] [[Šljunak\|šljunkom]]. Ono malo [[Kiša\|kiše]] što padne na plato otiče u lokalne [[slana ravnica\|slane ravnice]] (''Sabkha''). Najveći vrhovi na platou su [[Khawr um Wual]] u [[Saudijska Arabija\|Saudijskioj Arabiji]] (oko 1000 m/nm) i [[Jebel Aneiza]] (960 m/nm) na [[tromeđa\|tromeđi]] [[Jordan]]a, [[Irak]]a i S. Arabije<ref name=wagner>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Wagner\|first1=Wolfgang\|title=Groundwater in the Arab Middle East\|date=2011\|publisher=Springer\|location=New York\|isbn=9783642193514\|page=141\|accessdate=2 February 2017\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0dFttVkr2uwC}}</ref><ref>{{citiranje weba\|title=Jebel ‘Aneiza, Saudi Arabia\|url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4361447&fid=5593&c=saudi_arabia\|website=geographic.org\|accessdate=2 February 2017}}</ref>

	Zajedno s pustinjama [[Arapski poluotok\|Arapskog poluotoka]], ova je pustinja opisana kao jedna od najsuših pustinja na svijetu.<ref>{{~~Citiranje web~~\|title=Transboundary Aquifers, Challenges and New Directions\|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002116/211661e.pdf\|publisher=[[UNESCO]]\|accessdate=2 February 2017\|location=Paris\|page=4\|date=December 2010}}</ref>		Zajedno s pustinjama [[Arapski poluotok\|Arapskog poluotoka]], ova je pustinja opisana kao jedna od najsuših pustinja na svijetu.<ref>{{citiranje weba\|title=Transboundary Aquifers, Challenges and New Directions\|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002116/211661e.pdf\|publisher=[[UNESCO]]\|accessdate=2 February 2017\|location=Paris\|page=4\|date=December 2010}}</ref>

	== Živi svijet ==		== Živi svijet ==
Redak 39:		Redak 39:

	The desert was first traversed by motor vehicle in 1919.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Grant\|first1=Christina Phelps\|title=The Syrian desert : caravans, travel and exploration\|date=2003\|publisher=Taylor and Francis\|location=Hoboken\|isbn=9781136192715\|page=273\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4d-3AAAAQBAJ}}</ref>		The desert was first traversed by motor vehicle in 1919.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|last1=Grant\|first1=Christina Phelps\|title=The Syrian desert : caravans, travel and exploration\|date=2003\|publisher=Taylor and Francis\|location=Hoboken\|isbn=9781136192715\|page=273\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4d-3AAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
	During the [[Iraq War]], the desert served as a major supply line for the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)\|Iraqi resistance]], with the Iraq portion of the desert becoming a primary stronghold of the [[Sunni]] resistance operating in the [[Al Anbar Governorate]], particularly after the Coalition capture of [[Fallujah]] during the [[Second Battle of Fallujah]]. A series of Coalition military operations were relatively ineffective at removing the resistance presence in the Desert. As the resistance began to gain control of the surrounding areas, coalition spokesmen began to downplay the importance of the Syrian desert as a center of operations; nevertheless the Syrian Desert remains one of the primary routes for smuggling equipment due to its location near the Syrian border. By September 2006 the resistance had gained control of virtually all of the Anbar Governorate and had moved most of their forces, equipment and leaders further east to resistance-controlled cities near the Euphrates river.<ref>{{Citiranje novina\|author= \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15362568 \|title=U.S. diplomat apologizes for remarks \|publisher=NBC News \|date=2006-10-22 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje novina\|first=Ellen \|last=Knickmeyer \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/29/AR2006052901172_pf.html \|title=U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq \|publisher=Washingtonpost.com \|date=2006-05-29 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje novina\|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120525180025/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2012-05-25 \|title=WP: U.S. to reinforce troops in west Iraq \|publisher=MSNBC \|date=2006-05-30 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{~~Citiranje web~~\|author= \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components \|title=Situation Called Dire in West Iraq \|publisher=Washington Post \|date=2006-09-10 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref>		During the [[Iraq War]], the desert served as a major supply line for the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)\|Iraqi resistance]], with the Iraq portion of the desert becoming a primary stronghold of the [[Sunni]] resistance operating in the [[Al Anbar Governorate]], particularly after the Coalition capture of [[Fallujah]] during the [[Second Battle of Fallujah]]. A series of Coalition military operations were relatively ineffective at removing the resistance presence in the Desert. As the resistance began to gain control of the surrounding areas, coalition spokesmen began to downplay the importance of the Syrian desert as a center of operations; nevertheless the Syrian Desert remains one of the primary routes for smuggling equipment due to its location near the Syrian border. By September 2006 the resistance had gained control of virtually all of the Anbar Governorate and had moved most of their forces, equipment and leaders further east to resistance-controlled cities near the Euphrates river.<ref>{{Citiranje novina\|author= \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15362568 \|title=U.S. diplomat apologizes for remarks \|publisher=NBC News \|date=2006-10-22 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje novina\|first=Ellen \|last=Knickmeyer \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/29/AR2006052901172_pf.html \|title=U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq \|publisher=Washingtonpost.com \|date=2006-05-29 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje novina\|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120525180025/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13039231/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2012-05-25 \|title=WP: U.S. to reinforce troops in west Iraq \|publisher=MSNBC \|date=2006-05-30 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{citiranje weba\|author= \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components \|title=Situation Called Dire in West Iraq \|publisher=Washington Post \|date=2006-09-10 \|accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref>
	-->		-->
	== Gospodarstvo i poljoprivreda ==		== Gospodarstvo i poljoprivreda ==