Magnetska permeabilnost - Povijest promjena

WikiSysop: Zamjena teksta - '' u ''

2025-05-29T10:28:18Z

Zamjena teksta - '' u ''

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 29. svibanj 2025. u 10:28
Redak 1:		Redak 1:
	~~<!--'''Magnetska permeabilnost'''-->~~[[datoteka:Permeability by Zureks.svg\|mini\|desno\|300px\|Pojednostavljeni usporedni pregled permeabilnosti: [[Feromagnetizam\|feromagnetika]] (μ<sub>f</sub>), paramagnetika(μ<sub>p</sub>), [[vakuum]]a (μ<sub>0</sub>) i dijamagnetika (μ<sub>d</sub>).]]		[[datoteka:Permeability by Zureks.svg\|mini\|desno\|300px\|Pojednostavljeni usporedni pregled permeabilnosti: [[Feromagnetizam\|feromagnetika]] (μ<sub>f</sub>), paramagnetika(μ<sub>p</sub>), [[vakuum]]a (μ<sub>0</sub>) i dijamagnetika (μ<sub>d</sub>).]]

	'''Magnetska permeabilnost''' je [[Elektromagnetizam\|elektromagnetna]] osobina materijala koja pokazuje intenzitet [[Magnetizacija\|magnetizacije]] tijela kada su ona izložena vanjskim [[Magnetno polje\|magnetnom polju]]. Magnetska permeabilnost se označava grčkim slovom ''mi'' (μ). Pojam ''magnetska permeabilnost'' osmislio je [[Oliver Heaviside]] [[1885.]] U jedinicama [[SI]] sustava, permeabilnost se izražava u [[Henri\|Henrijima]] po [[metar\|metru]] (H/m), ili u [[Newton (jedinica)\|Newtonima]] po [[Amper]]u na kvadrat (N/A<sup>2</sup>) ili Volt · sekunda na Amper · metar {Vs/Am}.		'''Magnetska permeabilnost''' je [[Elektromagnetizam\|elektromagnetna]] osobina materijala koja pokazuje intenzitet [[Magnetizacija\|magnetizacije]] tijela kada su ona izložena vanjskim [[Magnetno polje\|magnetnom polju]]. Magnetska permeabilnost se označava grčkim slovom ''mi'' (μ). Pojam ''magnetska permeabilnost'' osmislio je [[Oliver Heaviside]] [[1885.]] U jedinicama [[SI]] sustava, permeabilnost se izražava u [[Henri\|Henrijima]] po [[metar\|metru]] (H/m), ili u [[Newton (jedinica)\|Newtonima]] po [[Amper]]u na kvadrat (N/A<sup>2</sup>) ili Volt · sekunda na Amper · metar {Vs/Am}.

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{Citiraj web +{{Citiranje weba)

2021-12-01T08:19:39Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{Citiraj web +{{Citiranje weba)

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 1. prosinac 2021. u 08:19
Redak 33:		Redak 33:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.26 · 10<sup>0</sup>		\| 1.26 · 10<sup>0</sup>
	\| 1 000 000 <ref>{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://www.metglas.com/products/page5_1_2_6.htm \|title="Metglas Magnetic Alloy 2714A", ''Metglas'' \|publisher=Metglas.com \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 1 000 000 <ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.metglas.com/products/page5_1_2_6.htm \|title="Metglas Magnetic Alloy 2714A", ''Metglas'' \|publisher=Metglas.com \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| kod 0.5 [[Tesla\|T]]		\| kod 0.5 [[Tesla\|T]]
	\| 100 kHz		\| 100 kHz
Redak 40:		Redak 40:
	\|		\|
	\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-1</sup>		\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-1</sup>
	\| 200 000 <ref name="Iron">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/magprop.html#c2 \|title="Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials", ''Iron'' \|publisher=C.R Nave Georgia State University \|date= \|accessdate=2013-12-01}}</ref>		\| 200 000 <ref name="Iron">{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/magprop.html#c2 \|title="Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials", ''Iron'' \|publisher=C.R Nave Georgia State University \|date= \|accessdate=2013-12-01}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 47:		Redak 47:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.0 · 10<sup>-1</sup>		\| 1.0 · 10<sup>-1</sup>
	\| 80 000 <ref name="Nanoperm">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://www.magnetec.de/eng/pdf/werkstoffkennlinien_nano_e.pdf \|title="Typical material properties of NANOPERM", ''Magnetec'' \|format=PDF \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 80 000 <ref name="Nanoperm">{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.magnetec.de/eng/pdf/werkstoffkennlinien_nano_e.pdf \|title="Typical material properties of NANOPERM", ''Magnetec'' \|format=PDF \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| kod 0.5 T		\| kod 0.5 T
	\| 10 kHz		\| 10 kHz
Redak 54:		Redak 54:
	\|		\|
	\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-2</sup>		\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-2</sup>
	\| 20 000 <ref name="hyper">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html \|title="Relative Permeability", ''Hyperphysics'' \|publisher=Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 20 000 <ref name="hyper">{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html \|title="Relative Permeability", ''Hyperphysics'' \|publisher=Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| kod 0.002 T		\| kod 0.002 T
	\|		\|
Redak 61:		Redak 61:
	\|		\|
	\| 6.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>		\| 6.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>
	\| 50 000 <ref name="nickal">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://www.nickel-alloys.net/nickelalloys.html \|title=Nickel Alloys-Stainless Steels, Nickel Copper Alloys, Nickel Chromium Alloys, Low Expansion Alloys \|publisher=Nickel-alloys.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 50 000 <ref name="nickal">{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.nickel-alloys.net/nickelalloys.html \|title=Nickel Alloys-Stainless Steels, Nickel Copper Alloys, Nickel Chromium Alloys, Low Expansion Alloys \|publisher=Nickel-alloys.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 68:		Redak 68:
	\|		\|
	\| 2.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>		\| 2.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>
	\| 18 000 <ref name="vacuumschmeltze">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://www.vacuumschmelze.com/fileadmin/Medienbiliothek_2010/Downloads/HT/2013-03-27_Soft_Magnetic_Cobalt-_Iron_Alloys_final_version.pdf \|title="Soft Magnetic Cobalt-Iron Alloys", ''Vacuumschmeltze'' \|publisher=www.vacuumschmeltze.com \|date= \|accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>		\| 18 000 <ref name="vacuumschmeltze">{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.vacuumschmelze.com/fileadmin/Medienbiliothek_2010/Downloads/HT/2013-03-27_Soft_Magnetic_Cobalt-_Iron_Alloys_final_version.pdf \|title="Soft Magnetic Cobalt-Iron Alloys", ''Vacuumschmeltze'' \|publisher=www.vacuumschmeltze.com \|date= \|accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 96:		Redak 96:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup> - 2.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup>		\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup> - 2.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup>
	\| 1 000 – 1 800<ref name="Carpenter">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://www.cartech.com/techarticles.aspx?id=1476\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steels\|author=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|publisher=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|year=2013}}</ref>		\| 1 000 – 1 800<ref name="Carpenter">{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.cartech.com/techarticles.aspx?id=1476\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steels\|author=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|publisher=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|year=2013}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 145:		Redak 145:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-6</sup> - 8.8 · 10<sup>-6</sup>		\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-6</sup> - 8.8 · 10<sup>-6</sup>
	\| 1.003–7 <ref name="SSAS">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|url=http://www.bssa.org.uk/cms/File/SSAS2.81-Magnetic%20Properties.pdf\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steel\|author=British Stainless Steel Association\|publisher=Stainless Steel Advisory Service\|year=2000}}</ref>		\| 1.003–7 <ref name="SSAS">{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.bssa.org.uk/cms/File/SSAS2.81-Magnetic%20Properties.pdf\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steel\|author=British Stainless Steel Association\|publisher=Stainless Steel Advisory Service\|year=2000}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 165:		Redak 165:
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Aluminij]]		\|[[Aluminij]]
	\| 2.22 · 10<sup>-5</sup> <ref name="clarke">{{~~Citiraj web~~\|author=Richard A. Clarke \|url=http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/mu/ \|title=Clarke, R. ''Magnetic properties of materials'', surrey.ac.uk \|publisher=Ee.surrey.ac.uk \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 2.22 · 10<sup>-5</sup> <ref name="clarke">{{Citiranje weba\|author=Richard A. Clarke \|url=http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/mu/ \|title=Clarke, R. ''Magnetic properties of materials'', surrey.ac.uk \|publisher=Ee.surrey.ac.uk \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| 1.256665 · 10<sup>-6</sup>		\| 1.256665 · 10<sup>-6</sup>
	\| 1.000022		\| 1.000022
Redak 188:		Redak 188:
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\| 1 <ref>{{~~Citiraj web~~\|author=NDT.net \|url=http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v078/v078.htm \|title=Determination of dielectric properties of insitu concrete at radar frequencies \|publisher=Ndt.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 1 <ref>{{Citiranje weba\|author=NDT.net \|url=http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v078/v078.htm \|title=Determination of dielectric properties of insitu concrete at radar frequencies \|publisher=Ndt.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite web +{{Citiraj web)

2021-12-01T00:11:05Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite web +{{Citiraj web)

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 1. prosinac 2021. u 00:11
Redak 33:		Redak 33:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.26 · 10<sup>0</sup>		\| 1.26 · 10<sup>0</sup>
	\| 1 000 000 <ref>{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://www.metglas.com/products/page5_1_2_6.htm \|title="Metglas Magnetic Alloy 2714A", ''Metglas'' \|publisher=Metglas.com \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 1 000 000 <ref>{{Citiraj web\|url=http://www.metglas.com/products/page5_1_2_6.htm \|title="Metglas Magnetic Alloy 2714A", ''Metglas'' \|publisher=Metglas.com \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| kod 0.5 [[Tesla\|T]]		\| kod 0.5 [[Tesla\|T]]
	\| 100 kHz		\| 100 kHz
Redak 40:		Redak 40:
	\|		\|
	\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-1</sup>		\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-1</sup>
	\| 200 000 <ref name="Iron">{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/magprop.html#c2 \|title="Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials", ''Iron'' \|publisher=C.R Nave Georgia State University \|date= \|accessdate=2013-12-01}}</ref>		\| 200 000 <ref name="Iron">{{Citiraj web\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/magprop.html#c2 \|title="Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials", ''Iron'' \|publisher=C.R Nave Georgia State University \|date= \|accessdate=2013-12-01}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 47:		Redak 47:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.0 · 10<sup>-1</sup>		\| 1.0 · 10<sup>-1</sup>
	\| 80 000 <ref name="Nanoperm">{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://www.magnetec.de/eng/pdf/werkstoffkennlinien_nano_e.pdf \|title="Typical material properties of NANOPERM", ''Magnetec'' \|format=PDF \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 80 000 <ref name="Nanoperm">{{Citiraj web\|url=http://www.magnetec.de/eng/pdf/werkstoffkennlinien_nano_e.pdf \|title="Typical material properties of NANOPERM", ''Magnetec'' \|format=PDF \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| kod 0.5 T		\| kod 0.5 T
	\| 10 kHz		\| 10 kHz
Redak 54:		Redak 54:
	\|		\|
	\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-2</sup>		\| 2.5 · 10<sup>-2</sup>
	\| 20 000 <ref name="hyper">{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html \|title="Relative Permeability", ''Hyperphysics'' \|publisher=Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 20 000 <ref name="hyper">{{Citiraj web\|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html \|title="Relative Permeability", ''Hyperphysics'' \|publisher=Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| kod 0.002 T		\| kod 0.002 T
	\|		\|
Redak 61:		Redak 61:
	\|		\|
	\| 6.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>		\| 6.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>
	\| 50 000 <ref name="nickal">{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://www.nickel-alloys.net/nickelalloys.html \|title=Nickel Alloys-Stainless Steels, Nickel Copper Alloys, Nickel Chromium Alloys, Low Expansion Alloys \|publisher=Nickel-alloys.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 50 000 <ref name="nickal">{{Citiraj web\|url=http://www.nickel-alloys.net/nickelalloys.html \|title=Nickel Alloys-Stainless Steels, Nickel Copper Alloys, Nickel Chromium Alloys, Low Expansion Alloys \|publisher=Nickel-alloys.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 68:		Redak 68:
	\|		\|
	\| 2.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>		\| 2.3 · 10<sup>-2</sup>
	\| 18 000 <ref name="vacuumschmeltze">{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://www.vacuumschmelze.com/fileadmin/Medienbiliothek_2010/Downloads/HT/2013-03-27_Soft_Magnetic_Cobalt-_Iron_Alloys_final_version.pdf \|title="Soft Magnetic Cobalt-Iron Alloys", ''Vacuumschmeltze'' \|publisher=www.vacuumschmeltze.com \|date= \|accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>		\| 18 000 <ref name="vacuumschmeltze">{{Citiraj web\|url=http://www.vacuumschmelze.com/fileadmin/Medienbiliothek_2010/Downloads/HT/2013-03-27_Soft_Magnetic_Cobalt-_Iron_Alloys_final_version.pdf \|title="Soft Magnetic Cobalt-Iron Alloys", ''Vacuumschmeltze'' \|publisher=www.vacuumschmeltze.com \|date= \|accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 96:		Redak 96:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup> - 2.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup>		\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup> - 2.26 · 10<sup>-3</sup>
	\| 1 000 – 1 800<ref name="Carpenter">{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://www.cartech.com/techarticles.aspx?id=1476\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steels\|author=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|publisher=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|year=2013}}</ref>		\| 1 000 – 1 800<ref name="Carpenter">{{Citiraj web\|url=http://www.cartech.com/techarticles.aspx?id=1476\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steels\|author=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|publisher=Carpenter Technology Corporation\|year=2013}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 145:		Redak 145:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-6</sup> - 8.8 · 10<sup>-6</sup>		\| 1.26 · 10<sup>-6</sup> - 8.8 · 10<sup>-6</sup>
	\| 1.003–7 <ref name="SSAS">{{~~cite~~ web\|url=http://www.bssa.org.uk/cms/File/SSAS2.81-Magnetic%20Properties.pdf\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steel\|author=British Stainless Steel Association\|publisher=Stainless Steel Advisory Service\|year=2000}}</ref>		\| 1.003–7 <ref name="SSAS">{{Citiraj web\|url=http://www.bssa.org.uk/cms/File/SSAS2.81-Magnetic%20Properties.pdf\|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steel\|author=British Stainless Steel Association\|publisher=Stainless Steel Advisory Service\|year=2000}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Redak 165:		Redak 165:
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Aluminij]]		\|[[Aluminij]]
	\| 2.22 · 10<sup>-5</sup> <ref name="clarke">{{~~cite~~ web\|author=Richard A. Clarke \|url=http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/mu/ \|title=Clarke, R. ''Magnetic properties of materials'', surrey.ac.uk \|publisher=Ee.surrey.ac.uk \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 2.22 · 10<sup>-5</sup> <ref name="clarke">{{Citiraj web\|author=Richard A. Clarke \|url=http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/mu/ \|title=Clarke, R. ''Magnetic properties of materials'', surrey.ac.uk \|publisher=Ee.surrey.ac.uk \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\| 1.256665 · 10<sup>-6</sup>		\| 1.256665 · 10<sup>-6</sup>
	\| 1.000022		\| 1.000022
Redak 188:		Redak 188:
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\| 1 <ref>{{~~cite~~ web\|author=NDT.net \|url=http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v078/v078.htm \|title=Determination of dielectric properties of insitu concrete at radar frequencies \|publisher=Ndt.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>		\| 1 <ref>{{Citiraj web\|author=NDT.net \|url=http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v078/v078.htm \|title=Determination of dielectric properties of insitu concrete at radar frequencies \|publisher=Ndt.net \|date= \|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite book +{{Citiranje knjige)

2021-11-17T06:36:03Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{cite book +{{Citiranje knjige)

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 17. studeni 2021. u 06:36
Redak 153:		Redak 153:
	\|		\|
	\| 1.32 · 10<sup>-6</sup>		\| 1.32 · 10<sup>-6</sup>
	\| 1.05 <ref>{{~~cite book~~\|url=http://books.google.com/?id=_y3LSh1XTJYC&pg=PT232\|page=232\|title=Design of Rotating Electrical Machines\|author=Juha Pyrhönen, Tapani Jokinen, Valéria Hrabovcová\|publisher=John Wiley and Sons\|year=2009\|isbn=0-470-69516-1}}</ref>		\| 1.05 <ref>{{Citiranje knjige\|url=http://books.google.com/?id=_y3LSh1XTJYC&pg=PT232\|page=232\|title=Design of Rotating Electrical Machines\|author=Juha Pyrhönen, Tapani Jokinen, Valéria Hrabovcová\|publisher=John Wiley and Sons\|year=2009\|isbn=0-470-69516-1}}</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica

2021-10-08T08:44:32Z

Bot: Automatski unos stranica

Nova stranica

[[datoteka:Permeability by Zureks.svg|mini|desno|300px|Pojednostavljeni usporedni pregled permeabilnosti: [[Feromagnetizam|feromagnetika]] (μf), paramagnetika(μp), [[vakuum]]a (μ0) i dijamagnetika (μd).]]

'''Magnetska permeabilnost''' je [[Elektromagnetizam|elektromagnetna]] osobina materijala koja pokazuje intenzitet [[Magnetizacija|magnetizacije]] tijela kada su ona izložena vanjskim [[Magnetno polje|magnetnom polju]]. Magnetska permeabilnost se označava grčkim slovom ''mi'' (μ). Pojam ''magnetska permeabilnost'' osmislio je [[Oliver Heaviside]] [[1885.]] U jedinicama [[SI]] sustava, permeabilnost se izražava u [[Henri|Henrijima]] po [[metar|metru]] (H/m), ili u [[Newton (jedinica)|Newtonima]] po [[Amper]]u na kvadrat (N/A2) ili Volt · sekunda na Amper · metar {Vs/Am}.

'''Magnetska permeabilnost vakuuma''' ili '''univerzalna magnetska konstanta''' (znak <math> \mu_0 </math>) je prirodna konstanta magnetske permeabilnosti za [[vakuum]], koja iznosi: <math> \mu_0 </math>= 4''π'' · 10–7 H/m <ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/ampere.html The NIST reference on fundamental physical constants] </ref> ili <math> \mu_0 </math> = 12.566370614 · 10–7 N/A². Jednaka je recipročnoj vrijednosti umnoška dielektrične permitivnosti vakuuma ''ε0'' i kvadrata [[brzina svjetlosti|brzine svjetlosti]] ''c'' u vakuumu: ''μ0'' = 1/(''ε0c''2). <ref> '''magnetska permeabilnost vakuuma''', [http://www.enciklopedija.hr//natuknica.aspx?ID=47678] "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2014.</ref>

'''Dielektrična permitivnost vakuuma''', '''permitivnost vakuuma''', '''dielektričnost vakuuma''' ili '''dielektrična konstanta vakuuma''' (znak ''ε0'') je prirodna konstanta koja je jednaka recipročnoj vrijednosti umnoška magnetske permeabilnosti vakuuma ''μ0'' i kvadrata brzine svjetlosti ''c'' u vakuumu: ''ε0'' = 1/(''μ0c2'') = 8.854187817 · 10–12 F/m. <ref> '''dielektrična permitivnost vakuuma''', [http://www.enciklopedija.hr//natuknica.aspx?ID=69658] "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2014.</ref>

==Relativna magnetna permeabilnost==
'''Relativna magnetska permeabilnost''' (znak ''μr'') je [[fizikalna veličina]] koja opisuje [[magnet]]sku propusnost tvari u odnosu na magnetsku permeabilnost vakuuma; to je količnik magnetske permeabilnosti ''μ'' i [[magnetska permeabilnost vakuuma|magnetske permeabilnosti vakuuma]] ''μ0'' (<math>\mu_0 = 4 \pi \times 10^{-7}</math>). Mjerna je jedinica relativne magnetske permeabilnosti broj jedan (1):

:<math>\mu_{r} = \frac{\mu}{\mu_{0}} </math>

[[Magnetna susceptibilnost]] se može iskazati pomoću relativne magnetne permeabilnosti:

:<math>\chi_m = \mu_r - 1 \,</math>

Relativna magnetska permeabilnost dijamagnetičnih tvari nešto je manja od 1, na primjer relativana je magnetska permeabilnost [[voda|vode]] 0.999991, [[srebro|srebra]] 0.9999975, [[Bakar (element)|bakra]] 0.999994. Relativna magnetska permeabilnost paramagnetičnih tvari nešto je veća od 1, na primjer [[platina|platine]] 1.000265, [[aluminij]]a 1.0000082, [[zrak]]a 1.00000037, a relativna magnetska permeabilnost feromagnetičnih tvari značajno je veća od 1, na primjer relativna je magnetska permeabilnost čistog [[željezo|željeza]] 5 000, a mi-metala ([[slitina]] od 77% [[nikal|nikla]], 16% željeza, 5% bakra, 2% [[krom]]a ili [[molibden]]a) 50 000 do 80 000. <ref> '''relativna magnetska permeabilnost''', [http://www.enciklopedija.hr//natuknica.aspx?ID=69740] "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2014.</ref>

== Vrijednosti za neke materijale ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Magnetna susceptibilnost i permeabilnost za odabrane materijale
|-
! Materijal
! class="unsortable"|Susceptibilnost ''χm'' (volumetrijski SI)
! class="unsortable"|Permeabilnost ''μ'' [H/m]
! data-sort-type="number" |Relativna permeabilnost ''μ/μ0''
! class="unsortable"|[[Magnetsko polje]]
! class="unsortable"|[[Frekvencija]] (max.)
|-
| Metglas
|
| 1.26 · 100
| 1 000 000 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metglas.com/products/page5_1_2_6.htm |title="Metglas Magnetic Alloy 2714A", ''Metglas'' |publisher=Metglas.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
| kod 0.5 [[Tesla|T]]
| 100 kHz
|-
| [[Željezo]] (99.95% čisto Fe [[Toplinska obrada|normalizirano]] u H)
|
| 2.5 · 10-1
| 200 000 <ref name="Iron">{{cite web|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/magprop.html#c2 |title="Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials", ''Iron'' |publisher=C.R Nave Georgia State University |date= |accessdate=2013-12-01}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|Nanoperm
|
| 1.0 · 10-1
| 80 000 <ref name="Nanoperm">{{cite web|url=http://www.magnetec.de/eng/pdf/werkstoffkennlinien_nano_e.pdf |title="Typical material properties of NANOPERM", ''Magnetec'' |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
| kod 0.5 T
| 10 kHz
|-
|Mu-metal
|
| 2.5 · 10-2
| 20 000 <ref name="hyper">{{cite web|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html |title="Relative Permeability", ''Hyperphysics'' |publisher=Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
| kod 0.002 T
|
|-
|Mu-metal
|
| 6.3 · 10-2
| 50 000 <ref name="nickal">{{cite web|url=http://www.nickel-alloys.net/nickelalloys.html |title=Nickel Alloys-Stainless Steels, Nickel Copper Alloys, Nickel Chromium Alloys, Low Expansion Alloys |publisher=Nickel-alloys.net |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[Kobalt]]-željezo (trake visoke permeabilnosti)
|
| 2.3 · 10-2
| 18 000 <ref name="vacuumschmeltze">{{cite web|url=http://www.vacuumschmelze.com/fileadmin/Medienbiliothek_2010/Downloads/HT/2013-03-27_Soft_Magnetic_Cobalt-_Iron_Alloys_final_version.pdf |title="Soft Magnetic Cobalt-Iron Alloys", ''Vacuumschmeltze'' |publisher=www.vacuumschmeltze.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|Permalloy
| 8 000
| 1.0 · 10-2
| 8 000
| kod 0.002 T
|
|-
| [[Željezo]] (99.8% čisto)
|
| 6.3 · 10-3
| 5 000
|
|
|-
| Električarski [[čelik]]
|
| 5.0 · 10-3
| 4 000
| kod 0.002 T
|
|-
| [[Ferit]]ični [[nehrđajući čelik]] (normaliziran)
|
| 1.26 · 10-3 - 2.26 · 10-3
| 1 000 – 1 800<ref name="Carpenter">{{cite web|url=http://www.cartech.com/techarticles.aspx?id=1476|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steels|author=Carpenter Technology Corporation|publisher=Carpenter Technology Corporation|year=2013}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[Martenzit]]ni nehrđajući čelik (normaliziran)
|
| 9.42 · 10-4 - 1.19 · 10-3
| 750 – 950
|
|
|-
| [[Ferit (magnet)|Ferit]] ([[mangan]]ski [[cink]])
|
| > 8.0 · 10-4
| 640 (ili više)
|
|100 kHz ~ 1 MHz
|-
|[[Ferit (magnet)|Ferit]] ([[nikal|niklov]] cink)
|
| 2.0 · 10-5 - 8.0 · 10-4
| 16 – 640
|
|100 kHz ~ 1 M[[Hz]]
|-
|[[Ugljični čelik]]
|
| 1.26 · 10-4
| 100
| kod 0.002 T
|
|-
|[[Nikal]]
|
| 1.26 · 10-4 - 7.54 · 10-4
| 100 – 600
| kod 0.002 T
|
|-
| Martenzitni nehrđajući čelik ([[kaljenje|kaljen]])
|
| 5.0 · 10-5 - 1.2 · 10-4
| 40 – 95
|
|
|-
| [[Austenit]]ni nehrđajući čelik
|
| 1.26 · 10-6 - 8.8 · 10-6
| 1.003–7 <ref name="SSAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.bssa.org.uk/cms/File/SSAS2.81-Magnetic%20Properties.pdf|title=Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steel|author=British Stainless Steel Association|publisher=Stainless Steel Advisory Service|year=2000}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Neodimij]]ev [[magnet]]
|
| 1.32 · 10-6
| 1.05 <ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=_y3LSh1XTJYC&pg=PT232|page=232|title=Design of Rotating Electrical Machines|author=Juha Pyrhönen, Tapani Jokinen, Valéria Hrabovcová|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2009|isbn=0-470-69516-1}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|[[Platina]]
|
| 1.25697 · 10-6
| 1.000265
|
|
|-
|[[Aluminij]]
| 2.22 · 10-5 <ref name="clarke">{{cite web|author=Richard A. Clarke |url=http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/mu/ |title=Clarke, R. ''Magnetic properties of materials'', surrey.ac.uk |publisher=Ee.surrey.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
| 1.256665 · 10-6
| 1.000022
|
|
|-
|[[Drvo (materijal)|Drvo]]
|
| 1.25663760 · 10-6
| 1.00000043
|
|
|-
|[[Zrak]]
|
|1.25663753 · 10-6
|1.00000037 <ref name=Cullity2008>B. D. Cullity and C. D. Graham (2008), Introduction to Magnetic Materials, 2nd edition, 568 pp., p.16</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[Beton]] (suhi)
|
|
| 1 <ref>{{cite web|author=NDT.net |url=http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v078/v078.htm |title=Determination of dielectric properties of insitu concrete at radar frequencies |publisher=Ndt.net |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|[[Vakuum]]
| 0
| 4π × 10−7 (μ0)
| 1 (točno, po definiciji)
|
|
|-
|[[Vodik]]
| -2.2 · 10-9 <ref name="clarke" />
| 1.2566371 · 10-6
| 1.0000000
|
|
|-
|[[Teflon]]
|
| 1.2567 · 10-6 <ref name="hyper"/>
| 1.0000
|
|
|-
|[[Drago kamenje|Safir]]
| -2.1 · 10-7
| 1.2566368 · 10-6
| 0.99999976
|
|
|-
|[[Bakar (element)|Bakar]]
| -6.4 · 10-6 ili -9.2 · 10-6 <ref name="clarke" />
| 1.256629 · 10-6
| 0.999994
|
|
|-
|[[Voda]]
| -8.0 · 10-6
| 1.256627 · 10-6
| 0.999992
|
|
|-
|[[Bizmut]]
| -1.66 · 10-4
| 1.25643 · 10-6
| 0.999834
|
|
|-
|[[Supravodljivost|Supravodič]]
| −1
| 0
| 0
|
|
|}

==Izvori==
{{izvori}}

== Vanjske poveznice ==
*[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html Relativna magnetna permeabilnost]
*[http://www.denichsoiltest.com Test permeabilnosti zemljišta]
*[http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/mu/ Magnetne osobine materijala]

==Povezani članci==
*[[feromagnetizam]]
*[[dijamagnetizam]]
*[[paramagnetizam]]
*[[elektromagnetizam]]

[[Kategorija:Fizikalne veličine]]