Kvrgavi bor - Povijest promjena

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	\| karta_raspon = Pinus attenuata range map 1.png		\| karta_raspon = Pinus attenuata range map 1.png
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	'''Kvrgavi bor '''('''''Pinus attenuata''''' , zvan i ''Pinus tuberculata''<ref>{{~~cite book~~ \| last1 = Chase\| first1 = J. Smeaton\| authorlink1 = J. Smeaton Chase\| title = Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains \| url = https://archive.org/details/conebearingtrees00chas\| location = Chicago \| publisher = [[A. C. McClurg & Co.]] \| pages = [https://archive.org/details/conebearingtrees00chas/page/99 99] \| isbn = \|year=1911 \| oclc = 3477527\|lccn=11004975}} {{LCC\|QK495.C75 C4}}, s ilustracijama [[Carl Eytel\|Carla Eytela]] - [http://www.cslfdn.org/pdf/bulletin-95.pdf Kurut, Gary F. (2009), "Carl Eytel: Southern California Desert Artist", ''California State Library Foundation'', Bulletin No. 95, pp. 17-20] retrieved Nov. 13, 2011</ref>), drvo je koje raste u blagoj klimi na siromašnim tlima. Nalazi se od planina južnog [[Oregon\|Oregona]] do [[Baja California\|Donje Kalifornije]] s najvećom koncentracijom u sjevernoj [[Kalifornija\|Kaliforniji]] i oregonsko-kalifornijskoj granici.<ref name="Moore2008">{{~~cite book~~ \|author1=Moore, Gerry \|author2=Kershner, Bruce \|author3=Craig Tufts \|author4=Daniel Mathews \|author5=Gil Nelson \|author6=Spellenberg, Richard \|author7=Thieret, John W. \|author8=Terry Purinton \|author9=Block, Andrew \|title=National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America \|publisher=Sterling \|location=New York \|year=2008 \|page= 85\|isbn=1-4027-3875-7}}</ref>		'''Kvrgavi bor '''('''''Pinus attenuata''''' , zvan i ''Pinus tuberculata''<ref>{{Citiranje knjige \| last1 = Chase\| first1 = J. Smeaton\| authorlink1 = J. Smeaton Chase\| title = Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains \| url = https://archive.org/details/conebearingtrees00chas\| location = Chicago \| publisher = [[A. C. McClurg & Co.]] \| pages = [https://archive.org/details/conebearingtrees00chas/page/99 99] \| isbn = \|year=1911 \| oclc = 3477527\|lccn=11004975}} {{LCC\|QK495.C75 C4}}, s ilustracijama [[Carl Eytel\|Carla Eytela]] - [http://www.cslfdn.org/pdf/bulletin-95.pdf Kurut, Gary F. (2009), "Carl Eytel: Southern California Desert Artist", ''California State Library Foundation'', Bulletin No. 95, pp. 17-20] retrieved Nov. 13, 2011</ref>), drvo je koje raste u blagoj klimi na siromašnim tlima. Nalazi se od planina južnog [[Oregon\|Oregona]] do [[Baja California\|Donje Kalifornije]] s najvećom koncentracijom u sjevernoj [[Kalifornija\|Kaliforniji]] i oregonsko-kalifornijskoj granici.<ref name="Moore2008">{{Citiranje knjige \|author1=Moore, Gerry \|author2=Kershner, Bruce \|author3=Craig Tufts \|author4=Daniel Mathews \|author5=Gil Nelson \|author6=Spellenberg, Richard \|author7=Thieret, John W. \|author8=Terry Purinton \|author9=Block, Andrew \|title=National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America \|publisher=Sterling \|location=New York \|year=2008 \|page= 85\|isbn=1-4027-3875-7}}</ref>

	== Opis ==		== Opis ==

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	== Vanjske poveznice ==		== Vanjske poveznice ==
	~~{{Commonscat\|Pinus attenuata}}~~
	*{{Jepson Manual \|id=195,210,212 \|link=1}}		*{{Jepson Manual \|id=195,210,212 \|link=1}}
	*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PIAT USDA Plants Profile: ''Pinus attenuata'']		*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PIAT USDA Plants Profile: ''Pinus attenuata'']

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2021-12-10T19:21:16Z

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{{Taksokvir
| boja = lightgreen
| naziv = Kvrgavi bor
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn | author = Farjon, A. | title = ''Pinus attenuata'' | volume = 2013 | page = e.T42343A2974092 | date = 2013 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42343A2974092.en}}</ref>
| slika = Pinus attenuata1 Shultzc.jpg
| slika_širina = 250px
| slika_opis =
| regnum = [[Biljke|Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Golosjemenjače|Pinophyta]]
| classis = [[Pinopsida]]
| ordo = [[Pinales]]
| familia = [[Pinaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Borovi|Pinus]]''
| subgenus = ''[[Pinus subg. Pinus]]''
| sectio = ''[[P. sect. Pinus]]''
| subsectio = ''[[P. subsect. Australes]]''
| species = '''''P. attenuata'''''
| dvoimeno = ''Pinus attenuata''
| dvoimeno_autorstvo = [[John Gill Lemmon|Lemmon]]
| karta_raspon = Pinus attenuata range map 1.png
}}
'''Kvrgavi bor '''('''''Pinus attenuata''''' , zvan i ''Pinus tuberculata''<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Chase| first1 = J. Smeaton| authorlink1 = J. Smeaton Chase| title = Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains | url = https://archive.org/details/conebearingtrees00chas| location = Chicago | publisher = [[A. C. McClurg & Co.]] | pages = [https://archive.org/details/conebearingtrees00chas/page/99 99] | isbn = |year=1911 | oclc = 3477527|lccn=11004975}} {{LCC|QK495.C75 C4}}, s ilustracijama [[Carl Eytel|Carla Eytela]] - [http://www.cslfdn.org/pdf/bulletin-95.pdf Kurut, Gary F. (2009), "Carl Eytel: Southern California Desert Artist", ''California State Library Foundation'', Bulletin No. 95, pp. 17-20] retrieved Nov. 13, 2011</ref>), drvo je koje raste u blagoj klimi na siromašnim tlima. Nalazi se od planina južnog [[Oregon|Oregona]] do [[Baja California|Donje Kalifornije]] s najvećom koncentracijom u sjevernoj [[Kalifornija|Kaliforniji]] i oregonsko-kalifornijskoj granici.<ref name="Moore2008">{{cite book |author1=Moore, Gerry |author2=Kershner, Bruce |author3=Craig Tufts |author4=Daniel Mathews |author5=Gil Nelson |author6=Spellenberg, Richard |author7=Thieret, John W. |author8=Terry Purinton |author9=Block, Andrew |title=National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America |publisher=Sterling |location=New York |year=2008 |page= 85|isbn=1-4027-3875-7}}</ref>

== Opis ==
Krošnja ''Pinus attenuata'' obično je stožasta s ravnim deblom. Dostiže visinu od 8–24 metara.{{sfn|Earle|2018}} {{Sfn|Earle|2018}} Međutim, na posebno siromašnim mjestima može rasti u obliku grma. Preferira suha stjenovita planinska tla. Kora je u mladosti glatka, pahuljasta i sivosmeđa, postaje tamno sivo-crveno-smeđa i plitko izbrazdana u ravne ljuskave grebene. Grančice su crveno-smeđe i često smolaste.

[[List|Listovi]] su u [[Svežanj (botanika)|svežnjevima]] od tri,<ref>eNature Field Guides, 2007</ref> iglastog oblika, žuto-zeleni, uvijeni i dugi 9-15 cm. [[Češer]]i su dugački 8–16 cm, u grupama od tri do šest na granama. Ljuske završavaju kratkim jakim bodljama. Češeri ostaju zatvoreni dugi niz godina dok ih vatra ne otvori i omogući klijanje. Kao rezultat toga, češeri se čak mogu ugraditi u deblo kako drvo raste.
<gallery>
Datoteka:Pinaceae Knobcone Pine Pinus attenuata.jpg|Borove iglice
Datoteka:H20130601-8518—Pinus attenuata—Walker Ridge (9233604022).jpg|muški češeri
Datoteka:Pinus attenuata BLM7.jpg|Češeri
Datoteka:Knobcone_Pine_Cone.jpg|Češer
Datoteka:Pinus attenuata Big Basin 5.jpg|Biljka
Datoteka:Pinus attenuata Big Basin 4.jpg|Stanište
</gallery>

== Ekologija ==
''Pinus attenuata'' tvori gotovo čiste sastojine, no na obali može [[Hibrid (botanika)|hibridizirati]] s [[Pinus muricata|biskupskim borom (''Pinus muricata'')]] i [[Kalifornijski bor|kalifornijskim borom (''Pinus radiata'')]].

U zapadnom podnožju [[Sierra Nevada (planinski lanac u SAD-u)|Sierre Nevade]], čvornov bor često je dominantan [[Quercus douglasii|plavom hrastu (''Quercus douglasii'')]].<ref>C. Michael Hogan, 2008</ref>

== Izvori ==
{{Izvori}}

== Daljnje čitanje ==
* {{cite iucn|author=Conifer Specialist Group|year=1998|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/42343/0|title=''Pinus attenuata''|access-date=12 May 2006|ref=harv}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070315152636/http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/detail.asp?source=&parkid=&searchText=&allSpecies=&shapeID=0&lshapeID=22&curAbbr=&lastView=default&lastGroup=10&lastRegion=&lastFilter=4&lastShapeName=&trackType=&curRegionID=&size=&habitat=&fruit=&color=&sortBy=family&curFamilyID=696&regionSelect=All+regions&regionZIP=&curGroupID=10&lgfromWhere=&curPageNum=27 eNature Field Guides (2007) ''Knobcone Pine'']
* {{Gymnosperm Database |family=Pinaceae |genus=Pinus |species=attenuata}}
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120228073950/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=85046 ''Blue Oak: Quercus douglasii'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg]
* Elna S. Bakker (1971). ''An island called California''. University of California press (1972). {{ISBN|0-520-02159-2}}

== Vanjske poveznice ==
{{Commonscat|Pinus attenuata}}
*{{Jepson Manual |id=195,210,212 |link=1}}
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PIAT USDA Plants Profile: ''Pinus attenuata'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060223015725/http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=225 Virginia Tech Dendrology - Knobcone Pine]
*{{CalPhotos|Pinus|attenuata}}

[[Kategorija:Borovi]]