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	<id>https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Kabardinski_jezik</id>
	<title>Kabardinski jezik - Povijest promjena</title>
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	<updated>2026-08-07T16:47:58Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Povijest promjena ove stranice na wikiju</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.42.3</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kabardinski_jezik&amp;diff=584690&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiSysop: Zamjena teksta - &#039;&lt;!--&#039;&#039;&#039;K(.*)&#039;&#039;&#039;--&gt;&#039; u &#039;&#039;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kabardinski_jezik&amp;diff=584690&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-05-27T13:24:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zamjena teksta - &amp;#039;&amp;lt;!--&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;K(.*)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;--&amp;gt;&amp;#039; u &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;hr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;←Starija inačica&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Inačica od 27. svibanj 2025. u 13:24&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Redak 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Redak 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--&#039;&#039;&#039;Kabardinski jezik&#039;&#039;&#039;--&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;{{Infookvir jezik&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infookvir jezik&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ime=kabardinski&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ime=kabardinski&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ime jezika kako ga nazivaju njegovi govornici= {{unicode|къэбэрдеибзэ}} &amp;#039;&amp;#039;qabardjajəbza&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ime jezika kako ga nazivaju njegovi govornici= {{unicode|къэбэрдеибзэ}} &amp;#039;&amp;#039;qabardjajəbza&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiSysop</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kabardinski_jezik&amp;diff=64721&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kabardinski_jezik&amp;diff=64721&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-08-27T05:52:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Bot: Automatski unos stranica&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nova stranica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kabardinski jezik&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;--&amp;gt;{{Infookvir jezik&lt;br /&gt;
|ime=kabardinski&lt;br /&gt;
|ime jezika kako ga nazivaju njegovi govornici= {{unicode|къэбэрдеибзэ}} &amp;#039;&amp;#039;qabardjajəbza&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|države=[[Rusija]], [[Turska]]&lt;br /&gt;
|regije=[[Kavkaz (regija)|Kavkaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|govornici=1 milijun&lt;br /&gt;
|rang=&lt;br /&gt;
|jezična porodica=[[Sjeverozapadni kavkaski jezici|sjeverozapadni kavkaski]]&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;kabardinski&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|država=&lt;br /&gt;
|ustanova=&lt;br /&gt;
|pismo=prilagođena [[ćirilica]]&lt;br /&gt;
|iso1=&amp;amp;mdash;|iso2=kbd|sil=kbd&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kabardinski jezik&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (ISO 639-3: [[iso639-3:kbd|kbd]]) je jezik koji se govori na sjevernom [[Kavkaz]]u, a pripada u [[sjeverozapadni kavkaski jezici|sjeverozapadne kavkaske jezike]], užu [[čerkeski jezici|čerkesku]] skupinu. Ponekad se naziva i &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;čerkeskim&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rasprostranjenost ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Od svih sjeverozapadnih kavkaskih jezika, kabardinski ima najviše govornika (oko milijun), a rasprostranjen je u [[Rusija|ruskim]] republikama [[Kabardino-Balkarija|Kabardino-Balkariji]] i [[Karačajevo-Čerkezija|Karačajevo-Čerkeziji]], kao i u dijaspori u [[Turska|Turskoj]] i [[Bliski Istok|Bliskom Istoku]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Osobine ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kabardinski je poznat po velikom broju suglasnika, 47 ili 48. Jezik je [[ergativni jezici|ergativnog tipa]]. Posjeduje dva glavna dijalekta, zvana &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Besleney&amp;#039;&amp;#039; i &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Terek&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Glasovi ===&lt;br /&gt;
Ima ih 56: ph b p&amp;#039; tDh dD tD&amp;#039; kJh gJ kJ&amp;#039; kWh gW kW&amp;#039; q&amp;#039; qW&amp;#039; tDs dDz tDs&amp;#039; qX qXW f v f&amp;#039; sD zD S Z S&amp;#039; 0_ 6_ xJ xW gFJ X XW RF RFW H 9 m nD lDFJ hlDFJ r ? ?W hh a+: i_ 3 j w i: u: &amp;quot;e: &amp;quot;o: hlDFJ&amp;#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://web.phonetik.uni-frankfurt.de/L/L2601.html Kabardian]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Jezik posjeduje samo tri fonološki različita samoglasnika: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, dugo &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ā&amp;#039;&amp;#039; i &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ə&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([[šva]]). Razlika između &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; i &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ā&amp;#039;&amp;#039; nije samo u duljini, nego i u izgovoru: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; je srednji otvoreni samoglasnik, a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ā&amp;#039;&amp;#039; niski otvoreni.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! prednji&lt;br /&gt;
! srednji &lt;br /&gt;
! stražnji&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! zatvoren&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! srednji-zatv.&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
| align=center| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ə&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! srednji-otv.&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
| align=center| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! otvoren&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
| align=center| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ā&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sustav suglasnika je vrlo složen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Vidi još ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Adigejski jezik]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rusija]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kavkaz (regija)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Izvori ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{izvori}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Literatura===&lt;br /&gt;
*Colarusso, John: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Kabardian language&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuipers, A.H. 1960. Phoneme and Morpheme in Kabardian. Mouton, The Hague.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vanjske poveznice ===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://archive.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=KAB Ethnologue (14th), kôd KAB]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://archive.ethnologue.com/15/show_language.asp?code=kbd Ethnologue (15th)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=kbd Ethnologue (16th)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ranko Matasović]]: [http://deenes.ffzg.hr/~rmatasov/PREGLED%20KABARDINSKE%20GRAMATIKE.pdf Pregled gramatike kabardinskog jezika] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kabardian.htm Kabardian (къэбэрдеибзэ) alphabet] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[ethnologue:kbd|Trenutačno izdanje Ethnolguea: kôd &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;kbd&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Sjeverozapadni kavkaski jezici]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Jezici Rusije]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Jezici Turske]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Jezici Sirije]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Jezici Jordana]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Jezici Njemačke]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Jezici po abecedi:K]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiSysop</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>