WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica

2021-12-10T04:21:58Z

Bot: Automatski unos stranica

Nova stranica

{{wikipoveznice}}
'''Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin)''' je prirodni monoterpen, odnosno derivat te jedan od thujaplicina<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Russell J. Chedgy, Young Woon Lim, Colette Breuil|title=Effects of leaching on fungal growth and decay of western redcedar|url=https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/W08-161|date=2009-05-01|journal=Canadian Journal of Microbiology|volume=55|issue=5|pages=578–586|id=10.1139/W08-161|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> pronađen u [[Drveće|drveću]] bilje porodice [[Čempresovke|čempresovki]] (''[[Cupressaceae]]'').

Zbog svog antivirusnog<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=B. M. Krenn, E. Gaudernak, B. Holzer, K. Lanke, F. J. M. Van Kuppeveld, J. Seipelt|title=Antiviral Activity of the Zinc Ionophores Pyrithione and Hinokitiol against Picornavirus Infections|url=https://jvi.asm.org/content/83/1/58|date=2009-01-01|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=83|issue=1|pages=58–64|id=10.1128/JVI.01543-08|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>, antimikrobnog<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Yoshihiko Inamori, Sayo Shinohara, Hiroshi Tsujibo, Toshihiro Okabe, Yasuhiro Morita, Yoshikazu Sakagami|title=Antimicrobial Activity and Metalloprotease Inhibition of Hinokitiol-Related Compounds, the Constituents of Thujopsis dolabrata S. and Z. hondai MAK.|url=http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.Journalarchive/bpb1993/22.990?from=CrossRef|date=1999|journal=Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin|volume=22|issue=9|pages=990–993|id=10.1248/bpb.22.990|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> i protuupalnog djelovanja<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Yoshihiko Inamori, Sayo Shinohara, Hiroshi Tsujibo, Toshihiro Okabe, Yasuhiro Morita, Yoshikazu Sakagami|title=Antimicrobial Activity and Metalloprotease Inhibition of Hinokitiol-Related Compounds, the Constituents of Thujopsis dolabrata S. and Z. hondai MAK.|url=http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.Journalarchive/bpb1993/22.990?from=CrossRef|date=1999|journal=Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin|volume=22|issue=9|pages=990–993|id=10.1248/bpb.22.990|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>, Hinokitiol se koristi pri izradi sredstava za oralnu upotrebu, kao i proizvodima koji se koriste prilikom liječenja. Poznat kao ionofor cinka i željeza, Hinokitiol je odobren kao prehrambeni aditiv. <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Y. Inamori, S. Shinohara, H. Tsujibo, T. Okabe, Y. Morita, Y. Sakagami|title=Antimicrobial activity and metalloprotease inhibition of hinokitiol-related compounds, the constituents of Thujopsis dolabrata S. and Z. hondai MAK|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10513629|date=1999-09|journal=Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin|volume=22|issue=9|pages=990–993|id=10.1248/bpb.22.990|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>Podrijetlo imena potječe od činjenice da je prvobitno izoliran u Tajvanskom hinokiju, 1936. godine.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Ichiro Murata, Shô Itô, Toyonobu Asao|title=Tetsuo Nozoe: Chemistry and Life|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tcr.201200024|date=2012-12-14|journal=The Chemical Record|volume=12|issue=6|pages=599–607|id=10.1002/tcr.201200024|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> Prisutnost Hinokitiola javlja se u japanskom čempresu (Japanese Hinoki), dok oko 0.04% mase čini kod smreka kanarskih otoka (Juniperus cedrus), četinjača iz porodice čempresa - japanska hiba ([[Thujopsis dolabrata]]) i kod golemih tuja ([[Thuja plicata]]). Korištenjem otapala i ultrazvuka hinokitiol može biti vrlo lako izdvojen iz cedrova drva. <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Russell J. Chedgy, C.R. Daniels, John Kadla, Colette Breuil|title=Screening fungi tolerant to Western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) extractives. Part 1. Mild extraction by ultrasonication and quantification of extractives by reverse-phase HPLC|url=http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2007.61.issue-2/hf.2007.033/hf.2007.033.xml|date=2007-03-01|journal=Holzforschung|volume=61|issue=2|pages=190–194|id=10.1515/HF.2007.033|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

Strukturno je povezan s tropolom koji sadrži manjak izopropanola. Organski spojevi tropolona poznati su kao kelatni agensi.

== Antimikrobno djelovanje ==
Hinokitiol je karakteriziran širokim spektrom bioloških aktivnosti, od kojih su mnoge navedene i opisane u literaturi. Prvo i najznačajnije jest antimikrobno djelovanje koje omogućuje borbu organizma protiv bakterija i gljivica, neovisno o otpornosti na antibiotike. <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Yin-Hua Shih, Kuo-Wei Chang, Shih-Min Hsia, Cheng-Chia Yu, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Tzu-Yun Chi|title=In vitro antimicrobial and anticancer potential of hinokitiol against oral pathogens and oral cancer cell lines|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944501312001462|date=2013-06|journal=Microbiological Research|volume=168|issue=5|pages=254–262|id=10.1016/j.micres.2012.12.007|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Yasuhiro Morita, Yoshikazu Sakagami, Toshihiro Okabe, Tatsuhiko Ohe, Yoshihiko Inamori, Nakao Ishida|title=The Mechanism of the Bactericidal Activity of Hinokitiol|url=http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.Journalarchive/bio1996/12.101?from=CrossRef|date=2007|journal=Biocontrol Science|volume=12|issue=3|pages=101–110|id=10.4265/bio.12.101|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

Hinokitiol je pokazao pozitivno djelovanje na Streptococcus Pneaumonie, Streptococcus Mutans i Streptococcus Aureus. <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Tong-Hong Wang, Shih-Min Hsia, Chi-Hao Wu, Shun-Yao Ko, Michael Yuanchien Chen, Yin-Hua Shih|title=Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Liquid and Vapor Phase Phenolic Essential Oil Compounds against Oral Microorganisms|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163147|date=2016-09-28|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=11|issue=9|pages=e0163147|id=10.1371/journal.pone.0163147|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Hisanori Domon, Takumi Hiyoshi, Tomoki Maekawa, Daisuke Yonezawa, Hikaru Tamura, Shigetada Kawabata|title=Antibacterial activity of hinokitiol against both antibiotic‐resistant and ‐susceptible pathogenic bacteria that predominate in the oral cavity and upper airways|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1348-0421.12688|date=2019-06|journal=Microbiology and Immunology|volume=63|issue=6|pages=213–222|id=10.1111/1348-0421.12688|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>Također, Hinokitiol sadrži inhibitorne učinke na klamidiju, odnosno Chlamydia trachomatis te može biti korišten lijek.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Hiroaki Yamano, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Kozue Sato, Sadashi Shiga, Toshikatsu Hagiwara, Kazunobu Ouchi|title=In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Hinokitiol on Proliferation of Chlamydia trachomatis|url=https://aac.asm.org/content/49/6/2519|date=2005-06|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=49|issue=6|pages=2519–2521|id=10.1128/AAC.49.6.2519-2521.2005|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige|title=Secondary metabolites of western red cedar (Thuja plicata) : their biotechnological applications and role in conferring natural durability|last=Chedgy, Russell.|date=2010|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/646005570|publisher=Lambert Academic Publishing|location=Saarbrucken, Germany|isbn=978-3-8383-4661-8}}</ref>

== Antiviralno djelovanje ==
Novija istraživanja pokazala su kako Hinokitiol sadrži antivirusno djelovanje kada se koristi s cinkom u borbi protiv humanih virusa, uključujući Rinovirus, Koksaki virus i Mengovirus.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=B. M. Krenn, E. Gaudernak, B. Holzer, K. Lanke, F. J. M. Van Kuppeveld, J. Seipelt|title=Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiol against picornavirus infections|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922875|date=2009-01|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=83|issue=1|pages=58–64|id=10.1128/JVI.01543-08|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> Liječenje virusnih infekcija stvara velik ekonomski napredak i stvara velik značaj Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji. Oštećujući virusni polyprotein Hinokitiol inhibira replikaciju virusa, no ova mogućnost striktno ovisi o dostupnosti dvovalentnih iona metala jer Hinokitiol djeluje kao njihov kelator.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=B. M. Krenn, E. Gaudernak, B. Holzer, K. Lanke, F. J. M. Van Kuppeveld, J. Seipelt|title=Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiol against picornavirus infections|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922875|date=2009-01|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=83|issue=1|pages=58–64|id=10.1128/JVI.01543-08|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

Prisutnost cinka u kombinaciji s Hinokitiolom podržava ove sposobnosti te daljni tekst govori više o tome.

== Djelovanje ==
Uz široko-spektrno, antimikrobno djelovanje, Hinokitiol posjeduje i protuupalno te protuumorsko djelovanje, karakterizirano prilikom brojnih istraživanja in vitro stanica životinjskog podrijetla.

Hinokitiol inhibira ključne markere i upalne puteve, poput TNF-a i NF-kB-a te istražuje njihov potencijal pri liječenju kroničnih upala i autoimunih stanja. Istraživanja su pokazala da Hinokitiol pokazuje citotoksičnost na nekoliko istaknut čelija carcinoma pospješujući autofagične procese. <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Tae Bok Lee, Jin Hyun Jun|title=Can Hinokitiol Kill Cancer Cells? Alternative Therapeutic Anticancer Agent via Autophagy and Apoptosis|url=http://www.kjcls.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.2.221|date=2019-06-30|journal=The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science|volume=51|issue=2|pages=221–234|id=10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.2.221|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Chao-Hong Liu, Guan-Yi Wu, Tzu-Yin Lee, Manjunath Manubolu, Cheng-Ying Hsieh|title=Hinokitiol Inhibits Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells via Suppression of MMPs and Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes and Apoptosis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29565268|date=2018-03-22|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=19|issue=4|id=10.3390/ijms19040939|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Istraživanja povezana sa Koronavirusom ==
Potencijalna, antiviralna svojstva Hinokitiola proizlaze prilikom njegovog djelovanja kao ionofor cinka. Hinokitiol omogućuje stapanje cinkovih iona s stanicama koji potiču umnožavanje RNA virusa te na taj način inhibira replikaciju virusa.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=B. M. Krenn, E. Gaudernak, B. Holzer, K. Lanke, F. J. M. Van Kuppeveld, J. Seipelt|title=Antiviral Activity of the Zinc Ionophores Pyrithione and Hinokitiol against Picornavirus Infections|url=https://jvi.asm.org/content/83/1/58|date=2009-01-01|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=83|issue=1|pages=58–64|id=10.1128/JVI.01543-08|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

Neki, značajni [[RNA]] virusi sadrže virus ljudske gripe, poznat kao SARS<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis, Sjoerd H. E. van den Worm, Amy C. Sims, Ralph S. Baric, Eric J. Snijder, Martijn J. van Hemert|title=Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176|date=2010-11-04|journal=PLoS Pathogens|volume=6|issue=11|pages=e1001176|id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>. Ioni cinka bili su u stanju značajno inhibirati replikaciju virusa u samim stanicama te su pokazali važnost dotoka cinka. Istraživanja su provedena uz korištenje cinkogov ionofora, čije je djelovanje vrlo slično Hinokitiolu.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis, Sjoerd H. E. van den Worm, Amy C. Sims, Ralph S. Baric, Eric J. Snijder, Martijn J. van Hemert|title=Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176|date=2010-11-04|journal=PLoS Pathogens|volume=6|issue=11|pages=e1001176|id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

Prilikom proučavanja stanica, zaključivo je da Hinokitiol inhibira razmnožavanje Rinovirusa, Koksaki virusa i Mengovirusa. Hinokitiol inhibira replikaciju Pikornavirusa ometajući aktivnosti virusnog poliproteina kako bi aktivnost Hinokitiola ovisila o dostupnosti iona cinka.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=B. M. Krenn, E. Gaudernak, B. Holzer, K. Lanke, F. J. M. Van Kuppeveld, J. Seipelt|title=Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiol against picornavirus infections|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922875|date=2009-01|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=83|issue=1|pages=58–64|id=10.1128/JVI.01543-08|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Ionofor željeza ==
Pokazalo se kako Hinokitiol obnavlja količinu hemoglobina kod glodavaca. Hinokitiol djeluje kao ionofor željeza te povezuje željezo u stanice<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=M. Doss|title=Formation of zinc chelates from porphyrin methyl esters for spectrophotometric analysis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5470741|date=1970-05|journal=Zeitschrift Fur Klinische Chemie Und Klinische Biochemie|volume=8|issue=3|pages=208–211|id=10.1515/cclm.1970.8.3.208|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Robert Service|title=Iron Man molecule restores balance to cells|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/iron-man-molecule-restores-balance-cells|date=2017-05-11|journal=Science|id=10.1126/science.aal1178|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>, povečavajući razinu željeza.

Poprilično 70% željeza u ljudskom tijelu sadržano je unutar crvenih krvnih stranica, a posebno unutar proteina hemoglobina. Željezo je bitno za razvoj svih živih organizama, bilo ljudskih ili životinjskih te djeluje kao ključni element nekolicine anatomskih funkcija. U važnije anatomske funkcije ubrajamo transport kisika, sintezu deoksiribonukleinske kiseline (DNK). Transport elektrona i nedostatak željeza mogu dovesti do krvnih poremaćaja, odnosno anemije koja je vrlo opasna te može ima štetno djelovanje na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Nazanin Abbaspour, Richard Hurrell, Roya Kelishadi|title=Review on iron and its importance for human health|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778671|date=2014-02|journal=Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences|volume=19|issue=2|pages=164–174|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Sinergično djelovanje cinka ==
Kao ionofor cinka, Hinokitiol sadrži sposobnost koja inhibira replikaciju virusa. Sažeto rečeno, Hinokitiol, kao ionofor cinka ima značajnu ulogu u transportu molekula stanica kroz plazmatsku ili intracelularnu membranu. Na taj se način povećava unutarčelijska koncentracija određenih molekula kao što je cink.

Zaključivo je da iskorištavanjem prednosti antivirusnih svojstva cinka u kombinaciji s Hinokitiolom pospješujemo brži unos cinka.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Ionophores - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/ionophores|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Istraživanja povezana s liječenjem karcinoma ==
Životnjski provedena istraživanja pokazuju kako Hinokitiol ihibira metateze<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Chao-Hong Liu, Guan-Yi Wu, Tzu-Yin Lee, Manjunath Manubolu, Cheng-Ying Hsieh|title=Hinokitiol Inhibits Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells via Suppression of MMPs and Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes and Apoptosis|url=http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/4/939|date=2018-03-22|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=19|issue=4|pages=939|id=10.3390/ijms19040939|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Hinokitiol reduces tumor metastasis by inhibiting heparanase via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway|url=https://www.medsci.org/v17p0403.htm|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>i sadrži proliferativni učinak na stanice raka.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Tae Bok Lee, Jin Hyun Jun|title=Can Hinokitiol Kill Cancer Cells? Alternative Therapeutic Anticancer Agent via Autophagy and Apoptosis|url=http://www.kjcls.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.2.221|date=2019-06-30|journal=The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science|volume=51|issue=2|pages=221–234|id=10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.2.221|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Dom-Gene Tu, Yun Yu, Che-Hsin Lee, Yu-Liang Kuo, Yin-Che Lu, Chi-Wen Tu|title=Hinokitiol inhibits vasculogenic mimicry activity of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through proteasome-mediated degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor|url=https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2016.4300|date=2016-04|journal=Oncology Letters|volume=11|issue=4|pages=2934–2940|id=10.3892/ol.2016.4300|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Guangya Zhang, Jiangping He, Xiaofei Ye, Jing Zhu, Xi Hu, Minyan Shen|title=β-Thujaplicin induces autophagic cell death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest through ROS-mediated Akt and p38/ERK MAPK signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41419-019-1492-6|date=2019-04|journal=Cell Death & Disease|volume=10|issue=4|pages=255|id=10.1038/s41419-019-1492-6|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Chien-Hsun Huang, Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Chao-Chien Chang, Tsorng-Harn Fong, Shing-Hwa Lu, Philip Thomas|title=Hinokitiol Exerts Anticancer Activity through Downregulation of MMPs 9/2 and Enhancement of Catalase and SOD Enzymes: In Vivo Augmentation of Lung Histoarchitecture|url=http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/10/17720|date=2015-09-25|journal=Molecules|volume=20|issue=10|pages=17720–17734|id=10.3390/molecules201017720|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Tae-Bok Lee, Eun-Ju Seo, Ji-Yun Lee, Jin Hyun Jun|title=Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Curcumin and Hinokitiol on Gefitinib Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1934578X1801301223|date=2018-12|journal=Natural Product Communications|volume=13|issue=12|pages=1934578X1801301|id=10.1177/1934578X1801301223|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Yin-Hua Shih, Kuo-Wei Chang, Shih-Min Hsia, Cheng-Chia Yu, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Tzu-Yun Chi|title=In vitro antimicrobial and anticancer potential of hinokitiol against oral pathogens and oral cancer cell lines|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944501312001462|date=2013-06|journal=Microbiological Research|volume=168|issue=5|pages=254–262|id=10.1016/j.micres.2012.12.007|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Nedostatak cinka ==
Nedostatak cinka prikazan je u pojedinim stanicama stanicama raka, kao i vraćanje optimalne unutar-stanične razine cinka koja potencijalno dovodi do supresije rasta tumora.

Hinokitiol jest cinkov ionofor, no još je uvijek potrebno provesti odgovarajuća istraživanja kako bi se utvrdile učinkovite koncentracije za medicinsku upotrebu.

* "Učinkovitost cinka u prehrani pri smanjenju rasta melanoma i eksperimentalnih metastaza"<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Michael J. Murray, Kent L. Erickson, Gerald L. Fisher|title=Effects of dietary zinc on melanoma growth and experimental metastasis|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304383583902069|date=1983-12|journal=Cancer Letters|volume=21|issue=2|pages=183–194|id=10.1016/0304-3835(83)90206-9|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=C Taccioli, H Chen, Y Jiang, X P Liu, K Huang, K J Smalley|title=Dietary zinc deficiency fuels esophageal cancer development by inducing a distinct inflammatory signature|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/onc2011592|date=2012-10|journal=Oncogene|volume=31|issue=42|pages=4550–4558|id=10.1038/onc.2011.592|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>
* "Dijetalni nedostatak cinka pospješuje razvoj raka jednjaka"
* "Metaanaliza istraživanja: povezanost između razine cinka u serumu i raka pluća<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Ying Wang, Zhengyi Sun, Aipeng Li, Yongsheng Zhang|title=Association between serum zinc levels and lung cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies|url=https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-019-1617-5|date=2019-12|journal=World Journal of Surgical Oncology|volume=17|issue=1|pages=78|id=10.1186/s12957-019-1617-5|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>
* "Napredna istraživanja odnosa nedostatka cinka i srodnih mikro-RNA karcinoma jednjaka<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Cong-Min Liu, Di Liang, Jing Jin, Dao-Juan Li, Ya-Chen Zhang, Zhao-Yu Gao|title=Research progress on the relationship between zinc deficiency, related microRNAs, and esophageal carcinoma: Zinc deficiency, microRNAs, and EC|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1759-7714.12493|date=2017-11|journal=Thoracic Cancer|volume=8|issue=6|pages=549–557|id=10.1111/1759-7714.12493|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Proizvodi koji sadrže Hinokitiol ==
Hinokitiol ima široku upotrebu pri izradi kozmetičkih proizvoda, pasta za zube, oralnih sprejeva, krema za sunčanje i u proizvodima koji potiču rast kose. Jedna od vodećih tvrtki koja prodaje proizvode na bazi Hinokitiola jest Hinoki Clinical.

Tvrtka je osnovana 1956. godine, nakon što je 1955. godine<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=STEPHEN ADU-BREDU, AKIO HAGIHARA|title=Long-term carbon budget of the above-ground parts of a young hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa
) stand|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00544.x|date=2003-03|journal=Ecological Research|volume=18|issue=2|pages=165–175|id=10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00544.x|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> započelo prvo ‘industijsko ekstrahiranje Hinokitiola’. Hinoki trenutno ima preko 18 različitih asortimana proizvoda, temeljenih na Hinokitiolu. Brand pod nazivom Relief Life<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Frank Buschmann, Christa Schwanninger|title=Successful Product Line Engineering: Experiences from the Real World|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/splc.2011.57|date=2011-08|journal=2011 15th International Software Product Line Conference|id=10.1109/splc.2011.57|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> pohvalio se s milujnskom prodajom svoje zubne paste pod nazivom Dental Series.<ref>{{Citiranje knjige|title=Biodiversity and Natural Product Diversity|date=2002|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1460-1567(02)80498-6|pages=i–ii|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-043707-1}}</ref>

Ostali značajni proizvođači proizvoda na bazi Hinokitiola su Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Kobayashi Pharmaceuticals, Taisho Pharmaceuticals i SS Pharmaceuticals. Osim područja Azije, i druge su tvrtke na području SAD-a<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Postnatal changes in maternal serum antioxidant vitamins|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5580/5c1|date=2008|journal=The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness|volume=6|issue=1|id=10.5580/5c1|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> i Australije<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Postnatal changes in maternal serum antioxidant vitamins|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5580/5c1|date=2008|journal=The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness|volume=6|issue=1|id=10.5580/5c1|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>, poput Swanson Vitamins® počele primjenjivati Hinokitiol. 2006. godine Hinokitiol je kategoriziran na listi domaćih tvari (Domestic Substances List) u Kanadi, kao ne-toksičan i ne-bioakumulativan za vodene organizme.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Kuno Schedler, Treasury Board of Canada|title=Canada: Getting Government Right|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/976897|date=1998-01|journal=Public Administration Review|volume=58|issue=1|pages=92|id=10.2307/976897|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> Američka zajednica za zaštitu okoliša (EWG - Environmental Working Group) posvetila je stranicu Hinokitiolu, kao sastojku koji sadrži malu opasnost za izazivanje alergija, raka i toksičnosti<ref>{{Citiranje knjige|title=Das Assoziationsabkommen EWG — Türkei|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-211-30166-6_1|pages=1–13|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=Vienna|isbn=3-211-20820-8}}</ref> gdje je zadovoljivo ocjenu 1-2. Usporedivši ocjenu i karakteristike Hinokitiola i propilparabena (Propylparaben), propilparaben pokazuje veliku opasnost i toksičnost. Europska komisija za poremećaje hormona procijenila<ref>{{Citiranje knjige|title=Das Assoziationsabkommen EWG — Türkei|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-211-30166-6_1|pages=1–13|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=Vienna|isbn=3-211-20820-8}}</ref> je propilparaben endokrinim razaračem te dajući mu ocjenu 4-6 na istoj stranici EWG-a.

== Dr ZinX ==
2. travnja 2020. godine, australijski proizvođač cinkovog oksida Advance Nanotek<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Yoshinori Yamamoto|title=Editorial: Organic synthesis for nanotek, and nanotek for organic synthesis|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.091|date=2014-09|journal=Tetrahedron|volume=70|issue=36|pages=6038|id=10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.091|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> podnio je zahtjev s tvrtkom AstiVita Limited<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.35131/ishb.2020.14.1.|date=2020-05-31|journal=Journal of Health and Beauty|volume=14|issue=1|id=10.35131/ishb.2020.14.1.|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> za izradu patenta antivirusnog sustava koji se sastoji od različitih proizvoda<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Julian Teicher, Nina Dow|title=E-government in Australia: Promise and progress|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ip-2002-0020|date=2003-07-28|journal=Information Polity|volume=7|issue=4|pages=231–246|id=10.3233/ip-2002-0020|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> za oralnu njegu, čiji je glavni sastojak Hinokitiol.

Marka koja uključuje inovaciju proizvoda nazvan je Dr ZinX te za 2020. godinu predviđa predstavljanje svoje čuvene kombinacije cinka i Hinokitiola. 18. svibnja 2020. godine<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Morley, Cecil Denis, (20 May 1911–14 Feb. 1999), Secretary General, The Stock Exchange, London, 1965–71; retired|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u180637|date=2007-12-01|journal=Who Was Who|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Dr. Akintayo Segun Oguntona, Dr. Ricardo Morasen Cuevas Jose, Dr. Mazwa Hussein|title=Ankylosing Spondylitis among Patients Attending the Rheumatology Outpatient Department of a Specialist Hospital|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2020.v05i01.005|date=2020-01-15|journal=Saudi Journal of Medicine|volume=05|issue=01|pages=20–24|id=10.36348/sjm.2020.v05i01.005|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> objavljeni su rezultati ispitivanja pod nazivom “Kvantitativni test za evaulaciju virucidnih aktivnosti na području medicine”.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Companion May 2020: full issue PDF|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/20412495.0520.1|date=2020-05-01|journal=BSAVA Companion|volume=2020|issue=5|pages=1–38|id=10.22233/20412495.0520.1|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Vaishali Keluskar Dr.|title=Tribute to Dr. Soheyl Sheikh (17th April 1968 - 31st May 2020)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-1363.288144|date=2020|journal=Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=95|id=10.4103/0972-1363.288144|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> Rezultati testa pokazali su '3.25 log', odnosno 99.9 postotnu redukciju čiste koncentracije u vremenskom razdoblju od pet minuta protiv tzv. mačjeg koronavirusa (Feline Coronavirus).<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=&NA;|title=The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has received ten reports of hyponatraemia associated with desmopressin use|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812150-00007|date=2008-08|journal=Reactions Weekly|volume=&NA;|issue=1215|pages=3|id=10.2165/00128415-200812150-00007|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

Cink se pokazao kao bitan dodatak prehrane, a istraživanja su pokazala kako 17,3% globalnog stanovništva sadrži neadekvatan unos.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=K. Ryan Wessells, Kenneth H. Brown|title=Estimating the Global Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency: Results Based on Zinc Availability in National Food Supplies and the Prevalence of Stunting|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510072/|date=2012-11-29|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=7|issue=11|id=10.1371/journal.pone.0050568|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=R. Bethene Ervin, Jocelyn Kennedy-Stephenson|title=Mineral Intakes of Elderly Adult Supplement and Non-Supplement Users in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey|url=https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/132/11/3422/4687273|date=2002-11-01|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=132|issue=11|pages=3422–3427|id=10.1093/jn/132.11.3422|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Obečavajuća budućnost ==
Početkom 2000-ih, istraživači su prepoznali važnost Hinokitiola pri izradi lijekova, posebice onih koji se koriste za borbu protiv klamidije (Chlamydia trachomatis). Kemičar Martin Burke u suradnji je s kolegama sa Sveučilišta Illinois Urbana-Champaign i drugih institucija otkrio značajanu medicinsku upotrebu Hinokitiola. Cilj gospodina Burka, bio je prevladati i normalizirati nepravilan transport željeza u životinjama. Nedostatak nekoliko proteina može dovesti do manjka željeza u stanicama, odnosno do anemije, no čak može imati i suprotan učinak, tzv. hemokromatozu.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Tong-Ming Hseu|title=Physico-Chemical Studies of Hinokitiol. II. A Spectrophotometric Study on Hinokitiol|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.195900004|date=1959-09|journal=Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society|volume=6|issue=1|pages=38–46|id=10.1002/jccs.195900004|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

Koristeći kulture kvasca, osiromašenih genom surogata, istraživači su pregledali zbirku malih molekula koje upučuju na transport željeza i rast stanica. Hinokitiol se pokazao kao uspješan pri vraćanji funkcionalnosti stanica te je daljnim, napornim radom tima uspostavljen mehanizam kojim vraća ili smanjuje željezo.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Anthony S. Grillo, Anna M. SantaMaria, Martin D. Kafina, Alexander G. Cioffi, Nicholas C. Huston, Murui Han|title=Restored iron transport by a small molecule promotes absorption and hemoglobinization in animals|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aah3862|date=2017-05-12|journal=Science|volume=356|issue=6338|pages=608–616|id=10.1126/science.aah3862|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> Istraživanja su vršena na sisavcima te je otkriveno da glodavci koji su služili za razmatranje nedostatka željeza, a naknado su hranjeni su Hinokitiolom, stvaraju povrat unosa željeza u crijevima. Slična istraživanja, provedena na zebrama, pokazala su kako su molekule obnovile proizvodnju hemoglobina. <ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Robert Service|title=Iron Man molecule restores balance to cells|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aal1178|date=2017-05-11|journal=Science|id=10.1126/science.aal1178|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>Komentar na rad gospodina Burke-a, odnosno nadimak koji je dodijeljen djelovanju Hinokitiola jest "Molekula željeznog čovjeka". Nadimak je istovremeno pogodan, a i ironičan jer prevedeno ime nalaznika Nozoe-a na egleski jezik glasi "Čelični čovjek" (Iron Man). Značajna istraživanja također su provedena u oralnim aplikacijama Hinokitiola s obzirom da povećanju potražnju proizvoda koje se temelje na Hinokitiolu.

Jedno takvo istraživanje, pod naslovom "Antibakterijski učinak Hinokitiola protiv antibiotika i patogenih bakterija koje prevladavaju u oralnoj šupljini i gornjim dišnim putevima" povezano je s osam različitih institucija u Japanu, a daje zaključak da Hinokitiol pokazuje antibakterijsko djelovanje protiv širokog spektra patogenih bakterija te sadrži nisku citotoksičnost prema ljudskim epitelnim stanicama.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Hisanori Domon, Takumi Hiyoshi, Tomoki Maekawa, Daisuke Yonezawa, Hikaru Tamura, Shigetada Kawabata|title=Antibacterial activity of hinokitiol against both antibiotic‐resistant and ‐susceptible pathogenic bacteria that predominate in the oral cavity and upper airways|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1348-0421.12688|date=2019-06|journal=Microbiology and Immunology|volume=63|issue=6|pages=213–222|id=10.1111/1348-0421.12688|language=en|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref>

== Izvori ==
{{izvori|2}}

[[Kategorija:Organska kemija]]

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 19. svibanj 2025. u 23:19
Redak 1:		Redak 1:
	{{~~wikipoveznice~~}}		{{HIEpoveznice}}
	'''Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin)''' je prirodni monoterpen, odnosno derivat te jedan od thujaplicina<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Russell J. Chedgy, Young Woon Lim, Colette Breuil\|title=Effects of leaching on fungal growth and decay of western redcedar\|url=https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/W08-161\|date=2009-05-01\|journal=Canadian Journal of Microbiology\|volume=55\|issue=5\|pages=578–586\|id=10.1139/W08-161\|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> pronađen u [[Drveće\|drveću]] bilje porodice [[Čempresovke\|čempresovki]] (''[[Cupressaceae]]'').		'''Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin)''' je prirodni monoterpen, odnosno derivat te jedan od thujaplicina<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Russell J. Chedgy, Young Woon Lim, Colette Breuil\|title=Effects of leaching on fungal growth and decay of western redcedar\|url=https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/W08-161\|date=2009-05-01\|journal=Canadian Journal of Microbiology\|volume=55\|issue=5\|pages=578–586\|id=10.1139/W08-161\|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> pronađen u [[Drveće\|drveću]] bilje porodice [[Čempresovke\|čempresovki]] (''[[Cupressaceae]]'').

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 7. ožujak 2022. u 07:00
Redak 1:		Redak 1:
	~~<!--'''Hinokitiol'''-->~~{{wikipoveznice}}		{{wikipoveznice}}
	'''Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin)''' je prirodni monoterpen, odnosno derivat te jedan od thujaplicina<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Russell J. Chedgy, Young Woon Lim, Colette Breuil\|title=Effects of leaching on fungal growth and decay of western redcedar\|url=https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/W08-161\|date=2009-05-01\|journal=Canadian Journal of Microbiology\|volume=55\|issue=5\|pages=578–586\|id=10.1139/W08-161\|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> pronađen u [[Drveće\|drveću]] bilje porodice [[Čempresovke\|čempresovki]] (''[[Cupressaceae]]'').		'''Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin)''' je prirodni monoterpen, odnosno derivat te jedan od thujaplicina<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Russell J. Chedgy, Young Woon Lim, Colette Breuil\|title=Effects of leaching on fungal growth and decay of western redcedar\|url=https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/W08-161\|date=2009-05-01\|journal=Canadian Journal of Microbiology\|volume=55\|issue=5\|pages=578–586\|id=10.1139/W08-161\|accessdate=2020-07-29}}</ref> pronađen u [[Drveće\|drveću]] bilje porodice [[Čempresovke\|čempresovki]] (''[[Cupressaceae]]'').

Hinokitiol - Povijest promjena

Suradnik10: Zamjena teksta - '{{wikipoveznice}}' u '{{HIEpoveznice}}'

WikiSysop: brisanje nepotrebnog teksta

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica