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	[[Kategorija:Planetologija]]		[[Kategorija:Planetologija]]

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'''Fultonova praznina''',<ref name="Quanta Magazine 2019">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/as-planet-discoveries-pile-up-a-gap-appears-in-the-pattern-20190516/|title=As Planet Discoveries Pile Up, a Gap Appears in the Pattern|last=Boyle|first=Rebecca|date=2019-05-16|work=Quanta Magazine|accessdate=2020-06-24}}</ref> '''dolina fotoisparavanja,'''<ref name="Van Eylen Agentoft Lundkvist Kjeldsen pp. 4786–4795">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Van Eylen|first=V|title=An asteroseismic view of the radius valley: stripped cores, not born rocky|date=2018-07-06|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=479|issue=4|pages=4786–4795}}</ref><ref name="Armstrong Meru Bayliss Kennedy pL1">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Armstrong|first=David J.|title=A Gap in the Mass Distribution for Warm Neptune and Terrestrial Planets|date=2019-07-17|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=880|issue=1}}</ref> ili '''subneptunska''' '''pustinja'''<ref name="McDonald Kreidberg Lopez p22">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=McDonald|first=George D.|title=The Sub-Neptune Desert and Its Dependence on Stellar Type: Controlled by Lifetime X-Ray Irradiation|date=2019-04-29|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=876|issue=1}}</ref> uočena je oskudica planeta s polumjerima između 1,5 i 2 puta veće od Zemljinog polumejra, vjerojatno zbog gubitka mase uzrokovanog [[Fotoisparavanje|fotoisparavanjem]].<ref name="Owen Wu p105">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Owen|first=James E.|title=KEPLERPLANETS: A TALE OF EVAPORATION|date=2013-09-12|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=775|issue=2}}</ref><ref name="Fulton Petigura Howard Isaacson p109">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Fulton|first=Benjamin J.|title=The California-KeplerSurvey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets|date=2017-08-24|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=154|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="Owen Wu p29">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Owen|first=James E.|title=The Evaporation Valley in the Kepler Planets|date=2017-09-20|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=847|issue=1}}</ref> Bimodalnost u populaciji egzoplaneta Kepler prvi je put primijećena 2013. godine, a zabilježeno je kao moguće potvrđivanje hipoteze u nastajanju da bi fotoisparavanje moglo dovesti do gubitka atmosferske mase na bliskim planetima male mase.<ref name="Lopez Fortney Miller p59">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Lopez|first=Eric D.|title=HOW THERMAL EVOLUTION AND MASS-LOSS SCULPT POPULATIONS OF SUPER-EARTHS AND SUB-NEPTUNES: APPLICATION TO THE KEPLER-11 SYSTEM AND BEYOND|date=2012-11-21|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=761|issue=1}}</ref> To bi dovelo do populacije golih, stjenovitih jezgri s manjim polumjerima pri malim udaljenostima od matičnih zvijezda i planeta s debelim omotačima kojima dominiraju [[vodik]] i [[helij]] s većim polumjerima kod većih udaljenosti. Bimodalnost u raspodjeli potvrđena je podacima preciznije u istraživanju California-Kepler 2017. godine, koje se pokazalo da odgovaraju predviđanjima hipoteze o fotoevaporativnom gubitku mase kasnije te godine.

Unatoč implikaciji riječi "praznina", Fultonova praznina zapravo ne predstavlja raspon radijusa koji u potpunosti nedostaju u promatranoj populaciji egzoplaneta, već niz radijusa koji se čine relativno neobičnim.<ref name="Fulton Petigura Howard Isaacson p109">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Fulton|first=Benjamin J.|title=The California-KeplerSurvey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets|date=2017-08-24|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=154|issue=3}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFultonPetiguraHowardIsaacson2017">Fulton, Benjamin J.; Petigura, Erik A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Hebb, Leslie; Weiss, Lauren M.; Johnson, John Asher; Morton, Timothy D.; Sinukoff, Evan; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Hirsch, Lea A. (2017-08-24). "The California-KeplerSurvey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets". ''The Astronomical Journal''. American Astronomical Society. '''154''' (3): 109. [[ArXiv (identifikator)|arXiv]]:[//arxiv.org/abs/1703.10375 1703.10375]. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa80eb|10.3847/1538-3881/aa80eb]]. [[ISSN]] [//www.worldcat.org/issn/1538-3881 1538-3881].</cite></ref> Kao rezultat toga, "dolina" se često koristi umjesto "praznine".<ref name="Van Eylen Agentoft Lundkvist Kjeldsen pp. 4786–4795">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Van Eylen|first=V|title=An asteroseismic view of the radius valley: stripped cores, not born rocky|date=2018-07-06|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=479|issue=4|pages=4786–4795}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVan_EylenAgentoftLundkvistKjeldsen2018">Van Eylen, V; Agentoft, Camilla; Lundkvist, M S; Kjeldsen, H; Owen, J E; Fulton, B J; Petigura, E; Snellen, I (2018-07-06). "An asteroseismic view of the radius valley: stripped cores, not born rocky". ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society''. Oxford University Press (OUP). '''479''' (4): 4786–4795. [[ArXiv (identifikator)|arXiv]]:[//arxiv.org/abs/1710.05398 1710.05398]. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1783|10.1093/mnras/sty1783]]. [[ISSN]] [//www.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711 0035-8711].</cite></ref><ref name="Armstrong Meru Bayliss Kennedy pL1">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Armstrong|first=David J.|title=A Gap in the Mass Distribution for Warm Neptune and Terrestrial Planets|date=2019-07-17|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=880|issue=1}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFArmstrongMeruBaylissKennedy2019">Armstrong, David J.; Meru, Farzana; Bayliss, Daniel; Kennedy, Grant M.; Veras, Dimitri (2019-07-17). [[doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab2ba2|"A Gap in the Mass Distribution for Warm Neptune and Terrestrial Planets"]]. ''The Astrophysical Journal''. American Astronomical Society. '''880''' (1): L1. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab2ba2|10.3847/2041-8213/ab2ba2]]. [[ISSN]] [//www.worldcat.org/issn/2041-8213 2041-8213].</cite></ref><ref name="Owen Wu p29">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Owen|first=James E.|title=The Evaporation Valley in the Kepler Planets|date=2017-09-20|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=847|issue=1}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOwenWu2017">Owen, James E.; Wu, Yanqin (2017-09-20). "The Evaporation Valley in the Kepler Planets". ''The Astrophysical Journal''. American Astronomical Society. '''847''' (1): 29. [[ArXiv (identifikator)|arXiv]]:[//arxiv.org/abs/1705.10810 1705.10810]. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa890a|10.3847/1538-4357/aa890a]]. [[ISSN]] [//www.worldcat.org/issn/1538-4357 1538-4357].</cite></ref> Specifični izraz "Fultonova praznina" nazvan je po [[Benjamin J. Fulton|Benjaminu J. Fultonu]], čija je doktorska disertacija uključivala precizna mjerenja radijusa koja su potvrdila oskudicu planeta između 1,5 i 2 Zemljina polumjera, za što je dobio nagradu Robert J. Trumpler,<ref name="W.M. Keck Observatory 2018-09-10">{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.keckobservatory.org/fulton_gap/|title=BJ Fulton Wins 2018 Robert J. Trumpler Award for 'Landmark' Exoplanet Discovery Using Keck Observatory|date=2018-09-10|work=W.M. Keck Observatory|accessdate=2018-09-11}}</ref><ref name="University of Hawaiʻi System News 2018">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2018/08/15/benjamin-fulton-recognition/|title=IfA graduate receives prestigious award for work on extrasolar planets|date=2018-08-15|work=University of Hawaiʻi System News|accessdate=2018-09-11}}</ref> iako je postojanje ovog radijusne praznine zabilježeno zajedno s njenim temeljnim mehanizmima već 2012.<ref name="Lopez Fortney Miller p59">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Lopez|first=Eric D.|title=HOW THERMAL EVOLUTION AND MASS-LOSS SCULPT POPULATIONS OF SUPER-EARTHS AND SUB-NEPTUNES: APPLICATION TO THE KEPLER-11 SYSTEM AND BEYOND|date=2012-11-21|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=761|issue=1}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLopezFortneyMiller2012">Lopez, Eric D.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Miller, Neil (2012-11-21). [[doi:10.1088/0004-637x/761/1/59|"HOW THERMAL EVOLUTION AND MASS-LOSS SCULPT POPULATIONS OF SUPER-EARTHS AND SUB-NEPTUNES: APPLICATION TO THE KEPLER-11 SYSTEM AND BEYOND"]]. ''The Astrophysical Journal''. IOP Publishing. '''761''' (1): 59. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/0004-637x/761/1/59|10.1088/0004-637x/761/1/59]]. [[ISSN]] [//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X 0004-637X].</cite></ref> i 2013.<ref name="Owen Wu p105">{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Owen|first=James E.|title=KEPLERPLANETS: A TALE OF EVAPORATION|date=2013-09-12|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=775|issue=2}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOwenWu2013">Owen, James E.; Wu, Yanqin (2013-09-12). "KEPLERPLANETS: A TALE OF EVAPORATION". ''The Astrophysical Journal''. IOP Publishing. '''775''' (2): 105. [[ArXiv (identifikator)|arXiv]]:[//arxiv.org/abs/1303.3899 1303.3899]. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/0004-637x/775/2/105|10.1088/0004-637x/775/2/105]]. [[ISSN]] [//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X 0004-637X].</cite></ref>

== Ostala moguća objašnjenja ==

* Bijeg plinova sa većih planeta.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|last=Venturini|first=Julia|title=The Formation of Mini-Neptunes|date=17 October 2017|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=848|issue=2|pages=95}}</ref>
* Pristranost u promatranju koje pogoduje lakšem otkrivanju vrućih oceanskih planeta s produljenom atmosferom od [[Vodena para|vodene pare]].

== Vidi također ==

* [[Zemljin blizanac]]
* [[Ekstrasolarni planeti|Egzoplanet]]
* [[Egzoplanetologija]]
* [[Planetologija|Planetarna znanost]]
* [[Super-Zemlja]]
* [[Kepler (svemirski teleskop)|Svemirski teleskop Kepler]]
* [[Atmosferski bijeg]]
* [[Fotoisparavanje]]
* [[Nastanak i evolucija Sunčevog sustava|Stvaranje i evolucija Sunčevog sustava]]

== Izvori ==
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[[Kategorija:Planetologija]]

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Suradnik10 u (test) 02:08, 3. studeni 2025.

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