Uređujete Stupanj iskorištenja raznih izvora svjetlosti

<!--'''Stupanj iskorištenja raznih izvora svjetlosti'''-->[[datoteka:Luminosity.png|mini|desno|300px|Funkcija osjetljivosti [[oko|oka]] prikazana je na dijagramu kojemu se na apscisi nalaze [[valna duljina|valne duljine]] približno je simetrična krivulja s oštrim maksimumom jednakim jedinici na valnoj duljini 555 [[metar|nm]] za dnevnu osjetljivost (crno) i 507 nm za noćnu osjetljivost (zeleno). Njezina je vrijednost za valnu duljinu 600 nm 0,63, a za valne duljine 380 i 780 nm iznosi 0.]]

[[datoteka:Linear visible spectrum.svg|mini|desno|300px|]]

'''Svjetlosna učinkovitost''' ili '''luminacijska efektnost''' (oznaka η) je [[fotometrija|fotometrijska]] [[fizikalna veličina]] kojom se opisuje učinak određenih [[frekvencija]] [[Elektromagnetsko zračenje|elektromagnetskih valova]] na ljudski osjet [[vid]]a; omjer je [[svjetlosni tok|svjetlosnog toka]] ''Ф<sub>s</sub>'' i [[tok zračenja|toka zračenja]] ''Ф'', to jest:

:<math>\eta = \frac{\Phi_s}{\Phi} </math>

Najveća je svjetlosna učinkovitost (683 lm/W) žutozelene [[svjetlost]]i, [[valna duljina|valne duljine]] 555 [[metar|nm]]. [[Mjerna jedinica]] svjetlosne učinkovitosti jest [[lumen]] po [[vat]]u (lm/W). <ref> '''svjetlosna učinkovitost (luminacijska efektnost)''', [http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=59118] "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</ref>

== Stupanj iskorištenja raznih izvora svjetlosti ==
[[Stupanj iskorištenja]] izvora svjetlosti, za umjetnu rasvjetu, je bezdimenzionalni odnos između svjetlosnog toka (sim. ''Φ''; jed. lm) koje emitira svjetlo i ulazne električne snage (sim. P; jed. W), koje to svjetlo troši. 

{| class="wikitable"
!Kategorija<br>&nbsp;||Vrsta<br>&nbsp;||Ukupna<br>[[luminozitet]]na efikasnost (lm/W)||Ukupan<br>stupanj iskorištenja<ref name="max">Defined such that the maximum value possible is 100%.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Izgaranje
|[[svijeća]]
|0,3<ref>1 candela*4&pi;&nbsp;steradians/40 W</ref>
|0,04%
|-
|stare ulične plinske svjetiljke
| 1–2<ref>{{cite journal | title=Recent Developments in Gas Street Lighting | journal=The American City |volume=22 |issue=5  |publisher=Civic Press |location=New York | page=490 | first=F. V. |last=Westermaier | year=1920 | url=http://books.google.com/?id=rWxLAAAAMAAJ&dq=mantle%20lamp&pg=PA490#v=onepage&q=mantle%20lamp}}</ref>
|0,15–0,3%
|-
| rowspan="6" align="center" |[[električna žarulja]]
|100–200 W vofram električna žarulja (230&nbsp;V)
|13,8<ref>[http://www.bulbs.ch/index.php?cPath=49_41_55_61_94 Bulbs: Gluehbirne.ch: Philips Standard Lamps (German)]</ref>–15.2<ref name="philc">[http://www.lighting.philips.com/de_de/tools_downloads/pricelist_lamps/downloads/preisliste_dede_20081023.pdf Philips Product Catalog] (German)</ref>
|2,0–2,2%
|-
|100–200–500 W halogena volfram žarulja (230&nbsp;V)
|16,7<ref>cite web |url=http://www.osram.de/_global/pdf/osram_de/tools_services/downloads/allgemeinbeleuchtung/halogenlampen/haloluxhalopar.pdf |title=Osram halogen |work=www.osram.de |language=German |accessdate=2008-01-28|format=PDF| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071107054500/http://www.osram.de/_global/pdf/osram_de/tools_services/downloads/allgemeinbeleuchtung/halogenlampen/haloluxhalopar.pdf| archivedate = November 7, 2007</ref>–17.6<ref name="philc"/>–19.8<ref name="philc"/>
|2,4–2,6–2,9%
|-
|5–40–100 W vofram električna žarulja (120&nbsp;V)
|5–12,6<ref name="incandescent">{{Citiranje web | title=The Nature of Light| last=Keefe| first=T.J.| year=2007| url=http://www.ccri.edu/physics/keefe/light.htm | accessdate=2007-11-05}}</ref>–17.5<ref name="incandescent"/>
|0,7–1,8–2,6%
|-
|2,6 W halogena volfram žarulja (5,2&nbsp;V)
|19,2<ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.ts-audio.biz/tsshop/WGS/411/PRD/LFH0324408/Osram_6406330_500mA_52V_E10_BLK1_MINIWATT-Halogen-Gluehlampe_f.Taschenl..htm |title=Osram Miniwatt-Halogen |work=www.ts-audio.biz |accessdate=2008-01-28}}June 2008</ref>
|2,8%
|-
|volfram kvarc halogena (12–24&nbsp;V)
|24
|3,5%
|-
|fotografske i projekcione svjetiljke
|35<ref name="bulbguide">{{Citiranje web | author=Klipstein, Donald L.| year=1996 | title=The Great Internet Light Bulb Book, Part I | url=http://freespace.virgin.net/tom.baldwin/bulbguide.html | accessdate=2006-04-16}}</ref>
|5,1%
|-
| rowspan="6" align="center" |[[Svjetleća dioda]] - LED
|bijela LED (sirova, bez napajanja)
|4,5–150 <!-- Do not add values for experimental LEDs, unless the number is supported by a reference to a reliable, *independent* source. Manufacturer press releases are not independent sources! See:[[Talk:Luminous_efficacy#new_record_for_LED_efficiency]] --><ref>[http://electronicdesign.com/content.aspx?topic=white-led-offers-broad-temp-range-and-color-yield4&catpath=components White LED Offers Broad Temp Range And Color Yield] Electronicdesign ''' ''' Otherwise see:[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811012255/http://electronicdesign.com/article/components/white-led-offers-broad-temp-range-and-color-yield4.aspx Google Cache]</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.nichia.co.jp/specification/led_09/NSPWR70CSS-K1-E.pdf |title=Nichia NSPWR70CSS-K1 specifications |publisher=Nichia Corp. |format=pdf |accessdate=April 26, 2009}} September 2010|bot=H3llBot</ref><ref name="LED">{{Citiranje web | author=Klipstein, Donald L.| title=The Brightest and Most Efficient LEDs and where to get them | work=Don Klipstein's Web Site | url=http://members.misty.com/don/led.html#ln | accessdate=2008-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.cree.com/Products/pdf/XLampXP-G.pdf |title=Cree XLamp XP-G LEDs Data Sheet}} Claims 132 lm/W.</ref>
|0,66–22,0%
|-
|4,1 W LED Edisonov navoj  (120&nbsp;V)
|58,5–82,9<ref name="Toshiba-LED">[http://en.item.rakuten.com/alllight/lelaw8l_toshiba/ Toshiba E-CORE LED Lamp]</ref>
|8.6–12.1%
|-
|6,9 W LED svjetiljka s navojem (120&nbsp;V)
|55,1–81,9<ref name="Toshiba-LED"/>
|8,1–12,0%
|-
|7 W LED PAR20-par.al.reflektor (120&nbsp;V)
|28,6<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001NP8N9G/ref=oss_T15_product GE 73716 7-Watt Energy Smart PAR20 LED Light Bulb]</ref>
|4,2%
|-
|8,7 W LED svjetiljka s navojem (120&nbsp;V)
|69,0–93,1<ref name="Toshiba-LED"/><ref>[http://ledsreview.com/news/367/ Toshiba to release 93 lm/W LED bulb] Ledrevie</ref>
|10,1–13,6%
|-
|Teoretska granica
|260,0–300,0<ref name="physorg.com">[http://www.physorg.com/news202453100.html White LEDs with super-high luminous efficacy] physorg.com</ref>
|38,1–43,9%
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Lučna svjetiljka
|[[ksenon]] lučna svjetiljka
|30–50<ref name="xenon">{{Citiranje web | title=Technical Information on Lamps | work=Optical Building Blocks | url=http://www.pti-nj.com/products/High-Speed-Spectrofluorometer/TechNotes/TechnicalInformationLamps.pdf | format=pdf|accessdate=2010-05-01}} Note that the figure of 150&nbsp;lm/W given for xenon lamps appears to be a typo. The page contains other useful information.</ref><ref>{{Citiranje knjige|title=OSRAM Sylvania Lamp and Ballast Catalog|year=2007}}</ref>
|4,4–7,3%
|-
|[[živa]]-ksenon lučna svjetiljka
|50–55<ref name="xenon"/>
|7,3–8,0%
|-
| rowspan="6" align="center" |[[Fluorescentna cijev|Fluorescentna svjetiljka]]
|T12 cijev s magnetskom prigušnicom
| 60<ref name=FEMP>{{cite paper|url=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/procurement/eep_fluortube_lamp.html |title=How to buy an energy-efficient fluorescent tube lamp |author =Federal Energy Management Program |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy |date=December 2000}} </ref>
| 9%
|-
|9–32 W štedna žarulja
|46–75<ref name="cf">{{Citiranje web | title=Low Mercury CFLs | url=http://www.energyfederation.org/consumer/default.php/cPath/25_44_3006 | publisher=Energy Federation Incorporated | accessdate=2008-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje web | title=Conventional CFLs | url=http://www.energyfederation.org/consumer/default.php/cPath/25_44_784 | publisher=Energy Federation Incorporated | accessdate=2008-12-23}}</ref><ref name="philc"/>
|8–11,45%<ref name="CF_efficiency">{{Citiranje web | title=Global bulbs | url=http://www.1000bulbs.com/32-Watt-Compact-Fluorescents/37889/ | publisher= 1000Bulbs.com accessdate=2010-2-20}}| </ref>
|-
|T8 cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom
| 80–100<ref name=FEMP/>
| 12–15%
|-
|PL-S 11W U-cijev s tradicionalnom prigušnicom
| 82<ref name="U-tubes">{{Citiranje web | author=Phillips | title=Phillips Master | url=http://skinflint.co.uk/a416644.html | accessdate=2010-12-21}}</ref>
| 12%
|-
|T5 svjetiljka
| 70–104,2<ref name="energyrating">{{Citiranje web | author=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australia | title=Energy Labelling—Lamps | url=http://www.energyrating.gov.au/appsearch/download.asp | accessdate=2008-08-14}}</ref><ref name="Plusrite">{{Citiranje web | url=http://www.1000bulbs.com/F35T5-6500K/39598/ | publisher=1000Bulbs.com| accessdate=2010-2-20|title=1000bulbs.com}}</ref>
| 10–15,63%
|-
|Spiralna cijev s elektronskom prigušnicom
| 114-124,3<ref name="spiraltubes">{{Citiranje web | author=Panasonic | title=Panasonic Spiral Fluorescent | url=http://panasonic.co.jp/corp/news/official.data/data.dir/jn100609-1/jn100609-1.html | accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref>
| 15–18%
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center" |[[Tinjalica]]
|1400 W sumporna svjetiljka
|100<ref>{{Citiranje novina |url=http://www.iaeel.org/IAEEL/iaeel/newsl/1996/ett1996/LiTech_b_1_96.html |title=1000-watt sulfur lamp now ready |work=IAEEL newsletter |year=1996 |issue=1 |publisher=IAEEL |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030818061414/http://195.178.164.205/IAEEL/iaeel/newsl/1996/ett1996/LiTech_b_1_96.html |archivedate=18 kolovoza 2003 |accessdate=2 ožujka 2011 }}</ref><!--Prototype, not production unit.-->
|15%
|-
|metalna halidna svjetiljka
|65–115<ref>{{Citiranje web |url=http://www.venturelighting.com/TechCenter/Metal-Halide-TechIntro.html |title=The Metal Halide Advantage |year=2007 |work=Venture Lighting |accessdate=2008-08-10}}</ref>
|9,5–17%
|-
|Natrijeva svjetiljka s visokim pritiskom
|85–150<ref name="philc"/>
|12–22%
|-
|Natrijeva svjetiljka s niskim pritiskom
|100–200<ref name="sodium">{{Citiranje web|title=LED or Neon? A scientific comparison| url=http://www.signweb.com/index.php/channel/12/id/138/}}</ref><ref name="lightning">{{Citiranje web|url=http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/4.html|title=Why is lightning coloured? (gas excitations)}}</ref><ref name="philc"/>
|15–29%
|-
|align="center"|Katodnaluminescencija
|elektronski stimulirana luminescencija
|30<ref name="ELS">{{Citiranje web|title="Vu1 ESL™ R-30 Energy Efficient Light Bulb Specifications"|url=http://www.vu1corporation.com/eslupdate/}}</ref>
|5%
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Idealni izvor
|usječeno 5800 K [[crno tijelo]]
|251 
|37%
|-
|Zeleno svjetlo kod 555&nbsp;nm (maksimalno moguća iskoristljivost)
|683,002
|100%
|}

==Izvori==
{{izvori|3}}

[[Kategorija:Elektroenergetika]]
[[Kategorija:Fotometrija]]

[[ru:Световая отдача]]