Vidi kôd stranice Ingenuity

{{površan prijevod|engleski|engleskog}}
{{infokutija svemirska letjelica|ime=Ingenuity|slika=[[Datoteka:Mars helicopter on sol 46.png|300 px]]|slika_opis=Helikopter na 46. solu|organizacija=[[NASA]]|glavni_ugovaratelji=|platforma=|tip_misije=Helikopter na Marsu|prelet=|datum_preleta=[[18. veljače]] [[2021.]] (zajedno sa [[Perseverance]] roverom|trenutacna_destinacija=Mars|satelit_od=|datum_ulaska_u_orbitu=|orbitira=|lansiranje=[[30. srpnja]] [[2020.]] <br> 11:50 UTC|lansiran_uz_pomoc=Atlas V|raketa_nosac=|mjesto_lansiranja=[[Cape Canaveral]]|trajanje_misije=19. travnja  - 7. svibnja 2021. (tehnološka demonstracija)<br>
7. svibnja 2021. - danas (operativna demonstracija)|NSSDC_ID=|internet_sjediste=|masa=1.8 kg<ref name="landing press kit">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>|napajanje=RTG|baterije=273 g|orbitalni_rezim=|sirina=|velika_poluos=|ekscentricitet=|inklinacija=|orbitalni_period=|apoapsis=|apogej=|periapsis=|perigej=|interval_ponavljanja=|orbita_dnevno=|ponovljivost=|instrumenti=|glavni_instrumenti=|transponderi=|razlucivost=|podrucje_pokrivanja=|spektralni_pojas=|brzina_prijenosa_podataka=|SSR=|povrsina_pokrivanja=|razlucivost_slike=|ref=}}
[[Datoteka:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter in Croatian.png|mini|304x304px|Dijagram komponenata helikoptera ''Ingenuity'']]


'''Ingenuity''' ([[Hrvatski jezik|hrv.]] ''Domišljatost'', ''Dovitljivost'') je mali [[Sunčeva energija|solarni]] [[helikopter]] koji trenutno djeluje na Marsu i dio je [[NASA|NASA-ine]] misije [[Mars 2020]]. To je [[Zrakoplovstvo na Marsu|prvi zrakoplov]] na [[Mars|Marsu]] koji je 19. travnja 2021. uspješno izveo prvi kontrolirani let na [[Mars|drugoj planeti]], uzlijetajući okomito, lebdeći i slijetajući.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last=Palca|first=Joe|date=19 April 2021|title=Success! NASA's Ingenuity Makes First Powered Flight On Mars|work=[[National Public Radio]]|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/19/985588253/success-nasas-ingenuity-makes-first-powered-flight-on-mars|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hotz|first=Robert Lee|date=2021-04-19|title=NASA's Mars Helicopter Ingenuity Successfully Makes Historic First Flight|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nasas-ingenuity-helicopter-successfully-makes-historic-first-flight-on-mars-11618830461|access-date=2021-04-19|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Sa sedam uspješnih letova, ova [[Vrtnja|rotacijska]], suosovinska i [[bespilotna letjelica]] [[Električna letjelica|na baterije]] služi kao demonstrator [[Zrakoplovstvo|tehnologije]] i operacije za potencijalnu upotrebu budućih zrakoplova [[Popis misija na Mars|na Marsu]] i na drugim svjetovima, s potencijalom za izviđanje lokacija od interesa i kao podrška budućem planiranju ruta vožnje za [[Mars rover|marsovske rovere]].<ref name="NYT-20200623">{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=23 June 2020|title=Mars Is About to Have Its "Wright Brothers Moment" – As part of its next Mars mission, NASA is sending an experimental helicopter to fly through the red planet's thin atmosphere.|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/science/mars-helicopter-nasa.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623070602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/science/mars-helicopter-nasa.html|archive-date=23 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|publisher=SpaceNews|date=19 November 2015|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221200007/https://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="landing press kit" /> [[Dave Lavery]] je izvršni direktor helikoptera ''Ingenuity'', [[MiMi Aung]] je voditelj projekta, Håvard Fjær Grip je glavni pilot, a Bob Balaram glavni je inženjer. Među ostalim suradnicima su [[AeroVironment|AeroVironment Inc.]],<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) SciTech Forum Conference 8–12 January 2018 Kissimmee, Florida {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> [[Istraživački centar Ames|NASA-in istraživački centar Ames]]<ref>[http://kiss.caltech.edu/lectures/Aung_Lecture_2015.html MiMi Aung – Autonomous Systems Deputy Division Manager] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605180541/http://kiss.caltech.edu/lectures/Aung_Lecture_2015.html|date=5 June 2018}} NASA/JPL {{PD-notice}}</ref> i [[Istraživački centar Langley|NASA-in istraživački centar Langley]].<ref name="Witold 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Koning_2018_TechMx.pdf Generation of Mars Helicopter Rotor Model for Comprehensive Analyses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101170950/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Koning_2018_TechMx.pdf|date=1 January 2020}}, Witold J. F. Koning, Wayne Johnson, Brian G. Allan; NASA 2018 {{PD-notice}}</ref>

''Ingenuity'', sada na površini Marsa, bio je pričvršćen na donju stranu rovera ''Perseverance''. Rover se odvojio od sletača [[3. travnja]] 2021.,<ref name="Today">{{cite news|title=Mars Rover Perseverance Set To Launch Drone|newspaper=[[Today (American TV program)]]|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=24 March 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ceFiynmNB0&ab_channel=TODAY|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20210323">{{cite news|last=hang|first=Kenneth|title=Get Ready for the First Flight of NASA’s Mars Helicopter - The experimental vehicle named Ingenuity traveled to the red planet with the Perseverance rover, which is also preparing for its main science mission.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/23/science/nasa-mars-helicopter.html|date=23 March 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20210323">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Alana|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Grey|last3=Agle|first3=DC|title=NASA Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Prepares for First Flight|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-prepares-for-first-flight|date=23 March 2021|work=[[NASA]]|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref> otprilike 60 dana nakon slijetanja ''Perseverance''-a na mjestu slijetanja Octavia E. Butler u [[Jezero (krater)|krateru Jezero]]. Prvo polijetanje je izvedeno 19. travnja 2021. u 08:30 (CET). Rezultati su uspješno potvrđeni u 12:15 popodne (CET), a prva slika helikoptera iznad površine snimljena je od ''[[Perseverance]]'' i samog ''Ingenuity''-a.<ref name="Ginny-flight">{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1KolyCqICI|title=First Flight of the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter: Live from Mission Control|publisher=NASA|via=YouTube|date=19 April 2021|access-date=19 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MH-status-2902">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/290/work-progresses-toward-ingenuity-s-first-flight-on-mars/|title=Work Progresses Toward Ingenuity's First Flight on Mars|date=12 April 2021|website=NASA Mars Helicopter Tech Demo|publisher=NASA}}</ref><ref name="Ingenuity passes full speed test">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1383221042504638464|title=Mars Helicopter completed full-speed spin test|date=17 April 2021|website=Twitter|publisher=NASA|access-date=17 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tech_Demo">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/#Watch-Online|title=Mars Helicopter Tech Demo|date=April 18, 2021|work=Watch Online|publisher=[[NASA]]|accessdate=2021-04-18}}</ref><ref name="MarsDaily">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.marsdaily.com/reports/Mars_Ingenuity_flight_scheduled_for_Monday_NASA_says_999.html|title=Mars Ingenuity flight scheduled for Monday, NASA says|last=Mccurdy|first=Christen|date=Apr 17, 2021|work=Mars Daily|publisher=[[ScienceDaily]]|accessdate=2021-04-1806}}</ref>

''Ingenuity'' je letio pet puta tijekom svoje probne kampanje koja je bila zakazana za ranu misiju rovera. Nakon istovara helikoptera, rover ''Perseverance'' odvezao se otprilike 100 m kako bi mu omogućio sigurnu "tampon zonu" u kojoj je izvršio prvi let.<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.com/nasas-mars-helicopter-small-autonomous-rotorcraft-fly-red-planet-2680575 "NASA's Mars Helicopter: Small, Autonomous Rotorcraft To Fly On Red Planet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710011219/http://www.ibtimes.com/nasas-mars-helicopter-small-autonomous-rotorcraft-fly-red-planet-2680575|date=10 July 2018}}, Shubham Sharma, ''International Business Times'', 14 May 2018</ref><ref name="Universe2018">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/universe/archive/universe1807.pdf|title=Mars Helicopter a new challenge for flight|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101170951/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/universe/archive/universe1807.pdf|archive-date=1 January 2020|date=July 2018|publisher=NASA|access-date=20 July 2018|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Prvenstveno tehnološkim demonstracijama,<ref name="spacenews 20180504">[http://spacenews.com/decision-expected-soon-on-adding-helicopter-to-mars-2020/ Decision expected soon on adding helicopter to Mars 2020], Jeff Fout, ''SpaceNews'' 4 May 2018</ref> planirano je da svaki let leti na visinama u rasponu od 3-5 m iznad tla, a svaki bi trajao do 90 sekundi. Tijekom četvrtog leta ''Ingenuity'' je prešao 133 m niže, a zatim se vratio na polazno područje, koristio je autonomnu kontrolu tijekom svojih kratkih letova, koje su operateri u Laboratoriju za mlazni pogon (JPL) telerobotski planirali i izradili po scenariju. Komunicirao je izravno s roverom ''Perseverance'' nakon svakog slijetanja. Lopatice rotora uspješno su uključene 8. travnja 2021., nekoliko dana nakon što se odvojio od ''Perseverance''-a.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/nasa-mars-ingenuity-helicopter-perseverance-rover-b1828663.html|title=NASA Unlocks Mars Helicopter’s Rotor Blades Ahead Of Pioneering Ingenuity Flight|first=Andrew|last=Griffith|publisher=The Independent|date=April 8, 2021|access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.space.com/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-unlocks-rotor-blades|title=Mars helicopter Ingenuity unlocks its rotor blades to prepare for 1st flight on Red Planet|first=Meghan|last=Bartels|publisher=Space.com|date=April 8, 2021|access-date=April 8, 2021}}</ref> Očekivani bočni domet premašen je u trećem letu, a trajanje leta u četvrtom letu. To je kasnije označeno kao prva faza njegove misije, kako bi se pokazala mogućnost leta. Druga faza je kasnije određena (nakon uspješnog završetka te misije) kao demonstracija operativnih mogućnosti za [[istraživanje Marsa]].

''Ingenuity'' nosi komad tkanine s krila [[Wright Flyer|Wright Flyera]] iz [[1903.]], zrakoplova [[Braća Wright|braće Wright]], prvog kontroliranog leta na [[Zemlja|Zemlji]], a potom je i mjesto polijetanja i slijetanja nazvano ''Wright Brothers Field'' ([[Hrvatski jezik|hrv.]] Polje braće Wright).<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Potter|first1=Sean|date=23 March 2021|title=NASA Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Prepares for First Flight|publisher=NASA|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-prepares-for-first-flight|url-status=live}}</ref> Prije nego što je ''Ingenuity'' postigao prvi let s motorom na drugom planetu, prvi let na planetu izvan Zemlje bio je let balonom na [[Venerina atmosfera|Veneri]], sovjetske svemirske letjelice [[Vega 1]] 1985. godine.

Uspjehom svog četvrtog leta 30. travnja 2021., ''Ingenuity'' je postigao sve svoje prvotne ciljeve - nadmašivši očekivanja. [[NASA]] je tada planirala buduće letove ne kao čisto tehničke demonstracije, nego kao operativne demonstracije s ''Perseverance''-om. S ovim novim ciljevima, ''Ingenuity'' će pokazati kako buduće misije mogu raditi zajedno u namjenskoj i robusnijoj suradnji.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/30/world/mars-helicopter-future-flights-rover-scn-trnd/index.html|title=After fourth successful flight, Mars helicopter gets a new mission|first=Ashley|last=Strickland|publisher=CNN|date=30 April 2021|accessdate=1 May 2021}}</ref> Tijekom svog leta istog dana je ''Ingenuity'' postao prva međuplanetarna svemirska letjelica čiji je zvuk snimio rover ''[[Perseverance]]''.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8941/nasas-perseverance-captures-video-audio-of-fourth-ingenuity-flight|title=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight|last=mars.nasa.gov|website=NASA’s Mars Exploration Program|language=en|access-date=2021-05-07}}</ref> Dana 7. svibnja 2021. ''Ingenuity'' je postala prva međuplanetarna svemirska letjelica koja je sletjela na drugo mjesto od mjesta lansiranja.<ref name=":3">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8942/nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-completes-first-one-way-trip|title=NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Completes First One-Way Trip|last=mars.nasa.gov|website=NASA’s Mars Exploration Program|language=en|access-date=2021-05-09}}</ref>

== Naziv ==
Ime Ingenuity dala je Vaneeza Ruppani, djevojčica iz 11. razreda srednje škole okruga Tuscaloosa u [[Northport (Alabama)|Northportu u Alabami]], koja je predala esej na [[NASA|NASA-ino]] natjecanje "Imenuj rovera".<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|first1=Grey|last2=Johnson|first2=Alana|last3=Agle|first3=D.C.|date=29 April 2020|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|publisher=NASA|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|archive-date=30 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20200429b">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=D.C.|last2=Cook|first2=Jia-Rui|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|date=29 April 2020|title=Q&A with the Student Who Named Ingenuity, NASA's Mars Helicopter|publisher=NASA|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7651|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604071336/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7651|archive-date=4 June 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Poznat u fazama planiranja kao '''Mars Helicopter Scout''', ili jednostavno '''Marsov Helikopter''', nadimak ''Ginny'' kasnije je ušao u upotrebu paralelno s matičnim roverom Perseverance koji je od milja zvan ''Percy''.<ref name="apod">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210302.html|title=Astronomy Picture of the Day|date=2 March 2021|publisher=NASA|access-date=4 March 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Razvoj ==
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;"
|+Karakteristike  ''Ingenuity''-a
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Brzina rotora
|2400 rotacija u minuti<ref name="fact sheet">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|date=February 2020|publisher=NASA|access-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet2">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|date=February 2020|publisher=NASA|access-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Brzina vrha oštrice
|<0.7 macha<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref>
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Trajanje
|do 5 letova<ref name="landing press kit" />
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Vrijeme leta
|Do 120 sekundi po letu<ref name="NextStepsMediaBriefing">{{Citation|title=NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter's Next Steps (Media Briefing)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAlXe-U0ws4|language=en|access-date=2021-04-30}}</ref>
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Maksimalni domet leta
|600 m<ref name="NextStepsMediaBriefing" />
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Maksimalni domet radija
|1,000 m<ref name="landing press kit" />
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Maksimalna visina
|5,2 m<ref name="landing press kit" />
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Maksimalna brzina
|{{Unbulleted list|Horizontalno: 10 m/s<ref name="landing press kit"/>|okomito: 3m<ref name="landing press kit"/>}}
|-
| {{rh}} class="table-rh" |Kapacitet baterija
|130-140 kJ<ref name="landing press kit" />
|}
[[NASA]]-ini [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory|JPL]] i AeroVironment objavili su 2014. idejni projekt izviđačkog helikoptera koji bi pratio rover.<ref>J. Balaram and P. T. Tokumaru, "Rotorcrafts for Mars Exploration", in 11th International Planetary Probe Workshop, 2014, Bibcode 2014LPICo1795.8087B https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014LPICo1795.8087B/abstract {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217180743/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014LPICo1795.8087B/abstract|date=17 February 2021}}</ref><ref>Benjamin T. Pipenberg, Matthew Keennon, Jeremy Tyler, Bart Hibbs, Sara Langberg, J. (Bob) Balaram, Håvard F. Grip and Jack Pempejian, "[[doi:10.2514/6.2019-0620|Design and Fabrication of the Mars Helicopter Rotor, Airframe, and Landing Gear Systems]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221200015/https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.2019-0620|date=21 February 2021}}", American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 7–11 January 2019, San Diego, California</ref> Sredinom 2016. traženo je 15 milijuna američkih dolara kako bi se razvoj helikoptera održao u skladu s pravom.<ref>{{cite news|last=Berger|first=Eric|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/05/four-wild-technologies-lawmakers-want-nasa-to-pursue/|title=Four wild technologies lawmakers want NASA to pursue|publisher=ARS Technica|date=24 May 2016|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> Do prosinca 2017. inženjerski modeli vozila testirani su u simuliranoj [[Marsova atmosfera|marsovskoj atmosferi]],<ref name="Aung May2018">{{cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref> a modeli su bili na testiranju na [[Arktik|Arktiku]], ali njegovo uključivanje u misiju još nije odobreno niti financirano.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/nasa-projects-may-soon-use-drones-for-space-exploration-mars/|title=Drones on Mars? NASA Projects May Soon Use Drones for Space Exploration|publisher=All About Circuits|first=Chantelle|last=Dubois|date=29 November 2017|access-date=14 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207135954/https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/nasa-projects-may-soon-use-drones-for-space-exploration-mars/|archive-date=7 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Federalni proračun Sjedinjenih Država, objavljen u ožujku 2018. godine, osigurao je 23 milijuna američkih dolara za helikopter na godinu dana,<ref>[http://spacenews.com/nasa-mars-exploration-efforts-turn-to-operating-existing-missions-and-planning-sample-return/ NASA Mars exploration efforts turn to operating existing missions and planning sample return], Jeff Foust, ''SpaceNews'', 23 February 2018</ref><ref>[https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/03/15/nasa-to-decide-soon-whether-flying-drone-will-launch-with-mars-2020-rover/ NASA to decide soon whether flying drone will launch with Mars 2020 rover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221200015/https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/03/15/nasa-to-decide-soon-whether-flying-drone-will-launch-with-mars-2020-rover/|date=21 February 2021}} Stephen Clark ''Spaceflight Now'' 15 March 2018</ref> a 11. svibnja 2018. objavljeno je da bi se helikopter mogao razviti i testirati na vrijeme kako bi bio uključen u misiji [[Mars 2020]].<ref name="HMS approved">[https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/mars-helicopter-to-fly-on-nasa-s-next-red-planet-rover-mission Mars Helicopter to Fly on NASA's Next Red Planet Rover Mission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511214706/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/mars-helicopter-to-fly-on-nasa-s-next-red-planet-rover-mission/|date=11 May 2018}} Karen Northon, NASA, 11 May 2018 {{PD-notice}}</ref> Helikopter je prošao opsežna ispitivanja dinamike leta i okoliša,<ref name="NASA-20190328">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=AG|last2=Johnson|first2=Alana|title=NASA's Mars Helicopter Completes Flight Tests|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7361|date=28 March 2019|publisher=NASA|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329030100/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7361|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> a zatim je postavljen na donju stranu rovera Perseverance u kolovozu 2019.<ref name="Integrated">[https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7489 NASA's Mars Helicopter Attached to Mars 2020 Rover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104070701/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7489|date=4 November 2019}} NASA–JPL 28 August 2019 {{PD-notice}}</ref> Njegova je masa nešto ispod 1,8 kg, a JPL je precizirao da se planira projektni vijek od pet letova na Marsu.<ref name="SC2018">[https://www.space.com/40570-nasa-sending-helicopter-to-mars.html Yes, NASA Is Actually Sending a Helicopter to Mars: Here's What It Will Do.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515071357/https://www.space.com/40570-nasa-sending-helicopter-to-mars.html|date=15 May 2018}} Sarah Lewin, ''SPACE.com'' 12 May 2018</ref> NASA je uložila oko 80 milijuna [[Američki dolar|američkih dolara]] za izgradnju ''Ingenuity-a'' i oko pet milijuna američkih dolara za upravljanje helikopterom.<ref name="PK2020">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/mars_2020_launch_press_kit.pdf|title=Mars 2020 Perseverance Launch Press Kit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721065209/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/mars_2020_launch_press_kit.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2020|date=24 June 2020|publisher=NASA|access-date=20 August 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

Budući da je [[Marsova atmosfera|atmosfera Marsa]] na površini samo oko 1⁄100 [[Gustoća|gusta]] poput [[Zemljina atmosfera|Zemljine]],<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html|title=Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather|last=September 2017|first=Tim Sharp 12|website=Space.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-10}}</ref> zrakoplovu je puno teže stvoriti uzlet, poteškoću koja je djelomično nadoknađena nižom gravitacijom Marsa (oko trećine Zemljine) . Podizanje s Marsove površine opisano je kao ekvivalent letenju na 27 000 m iznad Zemlje, nadmorske visine koju nikada nisu dostigli postojeći helikopteri.

''Ingenuity'' je zamišljen da demonstrira tehnologiju od strane JPL-a kako bi procijenila može li ova tehnologija letjeti sigurno, te pružiti bolju kartu i smjernice koje bi budućim kontrolorima misija dale više informacija koje će im pomoći u planiranju putnih ruta i izbjegavanju opasnosti, kao i identificiranje ciljeva.<ref name="NASA-20180511b">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/mars-helicopter-to-fly-on-nasa-s-next-red-planet-rover-mission|title=Mars Helicopter to Fly on NASA's Next Red Planet Rover Mission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511211623/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/mars-helicopter-to-fly-on-nasa-s-next-red-planet-rover-mission/|archive-date=11 May 2018|date=11 May 2018|publisher=NASA|access-date=11 May 2018|last1=Brown|first1=Dwayne|last2=Wendel|first2=JoAnna|last3=Agle|first3=D.C.|last4=Northon|first4=Karen|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180511">{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|title=A Helicopter on Mars? NASA Wants to Try|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/11/science/mars-helicopter-nasa.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=12 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512130422/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/11/science/mars-helicopter-nasa.html|archive-date=12 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VRG-20180511">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/11/17346414/nasa-mars-2020-helicopter-atmosphere|title=NASA is sending a helicopter to Mars to get a bird's-eye view of the planet – The Mars Helicopter is happening|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206232523/https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/11/17346414/nasa-mars-2020-helicopter-atmosphere|archive-date=6 December 2020|last=Gush|first=Loren|date=11 May 2018|publisher=The Verge|access-date=11 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Helikopter je dizajniran za pružanje snimaka iznad glave s približno deset puta većom razlučivosti od orbitalnih slika, a pružit će i slike značajki koje mogu biti zaklonjene s kamera rovera Perseverance.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-mars-helicopter-reports-in|title=NASA's Mars Helicopter Reports In|last=Greicius|first=Tony|date=2021-02-19|publisher=NASA|access-date=2021-02-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Očekuje se da bi takvo izviđanje moglo omogućiti budućim roverima da sigurno voze i do tri puta dalje po sol.<ref>[http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/841669/1/ScienceRobotics-SpaceRoboticsSurvey%20GaoChien_no%20figure_final.pdf Review on space robotics: Toward top-level science through space exploration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221200009/http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/841669/1/ScienceRobotics-SpaceRoboticsSurvey%20GaoChien_no%20figure_final.pdf|date=21 February 2021}} Y. Gao, S. Chien – Science Robotics, 2017</ref>

Helikopter koristi suprotno rotirajuće koaksijalne rotore promjera oko 1,2 m. Njegova nosivost je kamera okrenuta prema dolje visoke rezolucije za navigaciju, slijetanje i znanstveno snimanje terena te komunikacijski sustav za prijenos podataka na rover Perseverance.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/publications/Richard_Volpe/isairas%202014%20paper,%20volpe,%20v8.pdf|title=2014 Robotics Activities at JPL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221200009/https://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/publications/Richard_Volpe/isairas%202014%20paper,%20volpe,%20v8.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2021|last=Volpe|first=Richard|work=Jet Propulsion Laboratory|publisher=NASA|access-date=1 September 2015|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Iako je riječ o zrakoplovu, konstruiran je prema specifikacijama svemirskih letjelica kako bi izdržao silu g i vibracije tijekom lansiranja.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/6-things-to-know-about-nasas-mars-helicopter-on-its-way-to-mars|title=6 Things to Know About NASA’s Mars Helicopter on Its Way to Mars|last=https://jpl.nasa.gov|website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)|language=en|access-date=2021-03-10}}</ref> Također uključuje sustave otporne na zračenje sposobne za rad u hladnom Marsovom okruženju. Neskladno Marsovo magnetsko polje isključuje upotrebu kompasa za navigaciju, pa koristi solarnu kameru za praćenje integriranu u JPL-ov vizualni inercijalni navigacijski sustav. Neki dodatni ulazi uključuju žiroskope, vizualnu odometriju, senzore nagiba, visinomjer i detektori opasnosti. Dizajniran je za korištenje solarnih panela za punjenje baterija, a to su šest [[Sony]] Li-ion ćelija s 130-140 kJ energetskog kapaciteta baterije (kapacitet pločice od 2 Ah).<ref>[https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/10338/1/Parth_Shah_2017Thesis.pdf Heading Estimation via Sun Sensing for Autonomous Navigation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221200010/https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/10338/1/Parth_Shah_2017Thesis.pdf|date=21 February 2021}}, Parth Shah, 2017</ref>

Helikopter koristi Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 procesor s [[Linux]] operativnim sustavom.<ref name="ieee-linux">{{cite news|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/aerospace/robotic-exploration/nasa-designed-perseverance-helicopter-rover-fly-autonomously-mars|title=How NASA Designed a Helicopter That Could Fly Autonomously on Mars|date=17 February 2021|work=IEEE Spectrum|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219054558/https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/aerospace/robotic-exploration/nasa-designed-perseverance-helicopter-rover-fly-autonomously-mars|url-status=live}}</ref> Između ostalih funkcija, ovaj procesor kontrolira algoritam vizualne navigacije putem procjene brzine izvedene iz značajki praćenih crno-bijelom navigacijskom kamerom prema dolje ili terenom okrenutom prema horizontu. Procesor Qualcomm povezan je s dvije mikrokontrolerske jedinice za kontrolu leta (MCU) radi izvođenja potrebnih funkcija kontrole leta. Također sadrži IMU i Garmin LIDAR Lite v3 laserski visinomjer. Komunikacija s roverom odvija se putem radio veze pomoću Zigbee komunikacijskih protokola male snage, implementiranih putem 900 MHz SiFlex 02 čipseta ugrađenih u rover i helikopter. Komunikacijski sustav dizajniran je za prijenos podataka brzinom od 250 kbit / s na udaljenostima do 1.000 m.

=== Ispitivanja na Zemlji ===
Godine 2019. preliminarni nacrti ''Ingenuity''-a testirani su na [[Zemlja|Zemlji]] u simuliranim Marsovim atmosferskim i gravitacijskim uvjetima. Za ispitivanje u letu korištena je velika vakuumska komora za simuliranje vrlo niskog tlaka Marsove atmosfere - ispunjene ugljičnim dioksidom na približno 0,60% (oko 1⁄160) standardnog atmosferskog tlaka na razini mora na Zemlji - što je otprilike ekvivalent helikopteru koji leti na 34.000 m nadmorske visine u [[Zemljina atmosfera|atmosferi Zemlje]]. Kako bi se simuliralo znatno smanjeno gravitacijsko polje Marsa (38% Zemljine), 62% gravitacije Zemlje nadoknađeno je linijom koja se povlačila prema gore tijekom letačkih testova.<ref name="veritasium20190810">{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|title=First Flight on Another Planet!|publisher=Veritasium|via=YouTube|date=10 August 2019|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728075025/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|archive-date=28 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Za stvaranje vjetra u komori korišten je "vjetroviti zid" koji se sastojao od gotovo 900 ventilatora računala.<ref name="MH-status-289">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/289/when-should-ingenuity-fly/|title=When Should Ingenuity Fly?|author=Balaram, Bob|date=8 April 2021|website=NASA Mars Helicopter Tech Demo|publisher=NASA}}</ref>

=== Buduća inačica dizajna Mars rovera ===
Demonstrator tehnologije ''Ingenuity'' mogao bi stvoriti temelje na kojima bi se mogli razviti sposobniji zrakoplovi za [[Zrakoplovstvo na Marsu|zračno istraživanje Marsa]] i drugih planetarnih ciljeva s atmosferom.<ref name="UB 2018">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/universe/archive/universe1807.pdf|title=Mars Helicopter a new challenge for flight|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101170951/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/universe/archive/universe1807.pdf|archive-date=1 January 2020|date=July 2018|publisher=NASA|access-date=9 August 2018|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="Balaram 2018" /> Sljedeća generacija [[Helikopter|rotornih vozila]] mogla bi biti u rasponu između 5 i 15 kg s korisnim opterećenjem između 0,5 i 1,5 kg. Ovi potencijalni zrakoplovi mogli bi imati izravnu komunikaciju s orbiterom, a možda i ne moraju nastaviti raditi s dodijeljenim sredstvom.<ref name="Universe2018" /> Budući helikopteri mogli bi se koristiti za istraživanje posebnih regija s otvorenim vodenim ledom ili salamurama, gdje bi život mikrobnih organizama Zemlje mogao potencijalno preživjeti. Marsovi helikopteri mogu se razmotriti i za brzo pronalaženje malih spremnika uzoraka natrag do vozila za put na Mars i za povratak na Zemlju, poput onog koji će biti lansiran 2026. godine.<ref name="Balaram 2018" />

== Operativna povijest ==

=== Testiranje ===
''Ingenuity'' je raspoređen [[3. travnja]] 2021.<ref name="NASA-20210404">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8906/nasas-mars-helicopter-survives-first-cold-martian-night-on-its-own/|title=NASA's Mars Helicopter Survives First Cold Martian Night on Its Own|website=Nasa Mars Website}}</ref> nakon slijetanja rovera Perseverance u krater Jezero kod slijetišta Octavije E. Butler [[18. veljače]] 2021. i uklanjanja šuta od krhotina [[21. ožujka]] 2021.<ref name="NASA-20200623b">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=D.C.|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/how-nasas-mars-helicopter-will-reach-the-red-planets-surface|date=23 June 2020|publisher=NASA|access-date=23 February 2021|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219062523/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/how-nasas-mars-helicopter-will-reach-the-red-planets-surface|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Isti dan, mali helikopter uspio fotografirati površinu Marsa koja je prenesena natrag na Zemlju.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/25782/ingenuitys-first-color-snap/|title=Ingenuity's First Color Snap|publisher=NASA|date=5 April 2021|access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.space.com/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-first-color-photo|title=Mars Helicopter Ingenuity snaps 1st color photo on Red Planet|first=Mike|last=Wall|publisher=Space.com|date=6 April 2021|access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref> Izvorni datum leta ''Ingenuity''-a bio je planiran za [[11. travnja]] 2021. godine.

''Ingenuity'' je [[8. travnja]] 2021. godine izvršio ispitivanje vrtnje rotora pri malim brzinama (misija sol 48), vrteći se pri 50 okretaja u minuti.<ref name="MEP-resources-25796">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/25796/ingenuity-begins-to-spin-its-blades/|title=Ingenuity Begins to Spin Its Blades|date=9 April 2021|website=NASA's Mars Exploration Program|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Test brzih okretaja pokušan je 9. travnja, ali nije uspio zbog isteka mjerača vremena, mjere zaštite helikoptera od neispravnog rada u nepredviđenim uvjetima.<ref name="MH-status-291">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/291/mars-helicopter-flight-delayed-to-no-earlier-than-april-14/|title=Mars Helicopter Flight Delayed to No Earlier than April 14|date=10 April 2021|website=NASA Mars Helicopter Tech Demo|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Sljedeći dan datum je pomaknut na [[14. travnja]]. [[12. travnja]] najavljeno je ažuriranje softvera radi ispravljanja problema. Nakon uspješnog testa oštrice pune brzine 17. travnja 2021., prvi let Ingenuity-a je bio zakazan je za ponedjeljak. 

=== Letovi ===

==== Demonstracija tehnologije ====
Dana 19. travnja 2021. u 8:34 [[Srednjoeuropsko vrijeme|CET]], helikopter ''Ingenuity'' je uspješno izveo prvi let s pogonom na Mars, u trajanju od 39,1 sekunde. Podigao se okomito oko deset stopa, zakrenuo se za 96 stupnjeva u planiranom manevru i sletio. Podatci koji potvrđuju uspjeh testnog leta s prvim fotografijama sa ''Ingenuity''-a sredinom leta kasnije su zaprimljeni u 12:30 CET.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00909-z|title=Lift off! First flight on Mars launches new way to explore worlds|website=Nature|access-date=20 April 2021|last1=Witze|first1=Alexandra}}</ref>

Nekoliko dana kasnije, 22. travnja 2021. 10:33 CET, ''Ingenuity'' je uspješno izveo svoj drugi let u trajanju od 51,9 sekundi. Podigao se okomito na oko 5 metara i kratko lebdio na toj visini. Zatim je izveo nagib od od 5 stupnjeva, dopuštajući rotorima da ga ubrzaju bočno za 2 metra, zaustavio se, lebdio na mjestu i okretao se kako bi usmjerio kameru u različitim smjerovima. ''Ingenuity'' se zatim vratio u središte uzletišta kako bi sletio. Poruke ovog leta počele su stizati u 14:20 CET.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/NASAJPL/status/1385228111323615239|title=Second Flight Successful|author=NASA|date=22. travnja 2021.|work=.com|language=Engleski|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=22. travnja 2021.}}</ref>

''Ingenuity'' je uspješno izveo svoj treći let 25. travnja 2021. u 12:31 CET, u trajanju od oko 80 sekundi. Porastao je oko 5 metara kao i u drugom letu, kratko lebdeći na toj visini. Zatim je stisnuo opseg od 50 metara zadržavajući visinu, postižući maksimalnu brzinu od 2 metra u sekundi, sve dok je kamera radila. Ovo je prvi put da je kamera radila dok je ''Ingenuity'' letio na vrlo velike udaljenosti. Tijekom trećeg leta, ''Ingenuity'' je uslikao rovera ''[[Perseverance]]'' što je prva zračna snimka marsovskog rovera. Kao i obično, ''Ingenuity'' se vratio na prvobitno mjesto polijetanja i sletjela sa ukupnim pređenim putem od 100 m. Podatci trećeg leta primljeni su u 15:16 CET.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8930/nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-flies-faster-farther-on-third-flight|title=NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Flies Faster, Farther on Third Flight|last=mars.nasa.gov|website=NASA’s Mars Exploration Program|language=en|access-date=2021-04-25}}</ref>

Četvrti let ''Ingenuity''-a pokušan je 29. travnja 2021. godine, ali nije uspio jer helikopter nije uspio prijeći u način leta. Ponovno je pokušan 30. travnja 2021. u 15:49 CET i uspio je u trajanju od 117 sekundi.<ref name="NYT-20210430">{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|title=NASA’s Mars Helicopter Flies Again and Gets a New Mission - Ahead of a successful fourth flight, the agency announced that Ingenuity would continue to fly beyond its original monthlong mission.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/science/mars-helicopter-nasa.html|date=30 April 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=30 April 2021}}</ref> Baš kao i prethodna 2 leta, i helikopter se popeo na visinu od 5 metara, što je označilo početak 4. leta. Zatim je odletio na jug oko 133 metra i natrag za kružno putovanje od 266 metara.<ref name=":2">{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/297/ingenuity-completes-its-fourth-flight/|title=Ingenuity Completes Its Fourth Flight|last=mars.nasa.gov|website=mars.nasa.gov|language=en|access-date=2021-04-30}}</ref> Podatci s leta primljeni su ubrzo nakon toga. Snimljen je rekordan broj slika i spremljen u bazu podataka, ukupno oko 60 tijekom posljednjih 50 metara (164 metra) prije nego što se helikopter vratio na svoje mjesto slijetanja.<ref name=":2" /> 

Dana 7. svibnja 2021. (prije petog leta) [[NASA]] je potvrdila da je ''[[Perseverance]]'' uspio snimiti i zvuk i video s četvrtog leta ''Ingenuity''-a koji je bio 30. travnja 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8941/nasas-perseverance-captures-video-audio-of-fourth-ingenuity-flight/|title=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight|publisher=NASA|date=May 7, 2021|accessdate=May 7, 2021}}</ref> Petim letom koji je uspješno izveden istog dana, ''Ingenuity'' je letio 10 metara iznad, te je snimio nekoliko slika mjesta svog slijetanja visoke razlučivosti u boji i sletio na novo mjesto. Time je završio svoju fazu demonstracije tehnologije.<ref name="IngenuityDailyNews07052021">{{cite news|last1=Griffith|first1=Keith|title=NASA's Ingenuity Mars helicopter completes FIFTH flight reaching record 33-foot altitude and traveling to new 'airfield' 423 feet away|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9556193/NASAs-Ingenuity-Mars-helicopter-completes-FIFTH-flight-reaching-record-33-foot-altitude.html|access-date=7 May 2021|agency=Daily News|publisher=Daily News}}</ref>

==== Operativna demonstracija ====
Visoko-uspješni šesti let ''Ingenuity''-a dogodio se 22. svibnja, s trajanjem oko 140 sekundi. ''Ingenuity'' se popeo na visinu od 10 m i prešao 150 m jugozapadno. Pred kraj tog putovanja, helikopter je doživio kvar u sustavu navigacijske kamere, zbog čega su sve sljedeće slike bile označene pogrešnim vremenskim oznakama. To je uzrokovalo nagib prema naprijed i unatrag do 20 stupnjeva i velike skokove u potrošnji energije. ''Ingenuity'' je nastavio letjeti i putovao je oko 15 m na jug. Nakon toga putovao je oko 50 m sjeveroistočno i sletio oko 5 m od planiranog mjesta slijetanja. Ovo je bio prvi let kada je ''Ingenuity'' doživio anomaliju leta.<ref name="flight6" />

== Popis letova ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Broj
!Datum
(CET){{efn|Za lokalizaciju vremena po standardima ne samo Hrvatske, već bilo koje zemlje u srednjoeuropskoj vremenskoj zoni, koristi se CET koji je samo jedan sat unaprijed od UTC vremena.|name=CET}}
!Trajanje (s)
!Najviša visina (m)
!Ukupan prijeđeni put tijekom leta (m)
!Ruta leta
!Ciljevi leta
!Rezultat
|-
|<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url-status=live}}</ref></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">19. travnja 2021. 
8:34
</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">39,1</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">3</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">0</div>
|Okomito polijetanje, lebdenje, slijetanje
|
* Polijetanje do visine od 3 m 
* Lebdenje 
* Rotiranje u smjeru kazaljke na satu (nagib od 0 do + 90 °) 
* Slijetanje
|'''Uspjeh'''
|-
|<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/294/were-getting-ready-for-ingenuitys-second-flight/|title=We're Getting Ready for Ingenuity’s Second Flight|date=21 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">22. travnja 2021.
10:33
</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">51,9</div>

|<div style="text-align: center;">5,2</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">4,3</div>
|Okomito polijetanje, lebdenje, pomak prema zapadu, lebdenje, povratak, lebdenje, slijetanje
|
* Započeto vodoravno kretanje s maksimalnom brzinom zraka 0,5 m / s nakon polijetanja do visine od 4,9 m
* Zaustavljeno vodoravno kretanje
* Snimanje fotografije pomoću kamere u boji okrenute prema horizontu
* Rotiranje u smjeru suprotnom od kazaljke na satu (zakretanje od + 90 ° do 0 ° do -90 ° do -180 °, u 3 koraka)
* Slijetanje na isto mjesto polijetanja nakon premještanja
* Protuteža bočno povlačenje vjetra
|'''Uspjeh'''
|-
|<div style="text-align: center;">3<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/295/we-are-prepping-for-ingenuitys-third-flight-test/>|title=We Are Prepping for Ingenuity's Third Flight|date=22 April 2021}}</ref></div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">25. travnja 2021.
12:31
</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">80</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">5,2</div>
|<blockquote>100</blockquote>
|Okomito polijetanje, lebdenje, pomak prema sjeveru s maksimalnom brzinom od 2 m / s, lebdenje, povratak, lebdenje, slijetanje<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-flies-faster-farther-on-third-flight|title=NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Flies Faster, Farther on Third Flight|date=25 April 2021}}</ref>
|
* Započeto vodoravno kretanje s maksimalnom brzinom zraka 2,0 m / s umjesto 0,5 m / s, zadržavajući gotovo istu visinu do koje je preletjeno u drugom letu
*Snimanje fotografije pomoću horizontne kamere u boji.
* Slijetanje na isto mjesto polijetanja nakon povratnog putovanja u krugu od 50 m sjeverno od mjesta polijetanja
|'''Uspjeh'''
|-
|<div style="text-align: center;">4</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">Prvi neuspješni pokušaj 29. travnja 2021. u 15:12.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/nasajpl/status/1387842380427001857|title=Aim high, and fly, fly again.|website=Twitter|language=en|access-date=2021-04-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SPC-20210429">{{cite news|last=Wall|first=Mike|title=Mars helicopter Ingenuity misses takeoff for 4th flight on Red Planet - NASA's team is assessing what happened.|url=https://www.space.com/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-fourth-flight-glitch|date=29 April 2021|work=[[Space.com]]|accessdate=29 April 2021}}</ref> 

Drugi pokušaj uspješan
30. travnja 2021.
15:49<ref name=":2" />
</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">117</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">5</div>
|<blockquote>266</blockquote>
|Okomito polijetanje, lebdenje, pomak prema jugu s maksimalnom brzinom od 3,5 m / s, lebdenje, povratak, lebdenje, slijetanje<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/with-goals-met-nasa-to-push-envelope-with-ingenuity-mars-helicopter|title=With Goals Met, NASA to Push Envelope With Ingenuity Mars Helicopter|date=29 April 2021}}</ref>
|
* Započeto vodoravno kretanje s maksimalnom brzinom od 3,5 m / s umjesto ranije 2,0 m / s, zadržavajući gotovo istu visinu do koju je preletjeno u drugom letu
* Slijetanje na isto mjesto polijetanja nakon povratnog putovanja do 133 m (južno od mjesta polijetanja) 
* Snimanje crno-bijele slike na svaka 1,2 metra dok putuje između 84 m i 133 m i slikanje u boji dok lebdi na točki na 133 metra prije povratka u mjesto polijetanja stranica
|'''Uspjeh'''
|-
|<div style="text-align: center;">5</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">7. svibnja 2021.
20:26<ref>https://www.space.com/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-fifth-flight-new-airfield</ref><ref name="IngenuityDailyNews07052021" />
</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">108</div>
|<div style="text-align: center;">10</div>
|<blockquote>129</blockquote>
|Okomito polijetanje, lebdenje, pomak prema jugu s maksimalnom brzinom od 3,5 m / s, uspon na 10 m, lebdenje, slijetanje na to mjesto
|
* Prvi let sa novim mjestom slijetanja.<ref name="NextStepsMediaBriefing" />

* Uspon do 10 m
*Završetak demonstracije tehnologije.<ref name="IngenuityDailyNews07052021" />
|'''Uspjeh'''
|-
|<blockquote>6</blockquote>
|<div style="text-align: center;">23. svibnja 2021.
6:20<ref>{{Citiranje weba|last1=Strickland|first1=Ashley|date=May 28, 2021|title=Mars helicopter survives to tell the tale of stressful flight|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/28/world/mars-helicopter-flight-anomaly-scn/index.html|access-date=29 May 2021|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="flight6">{{Citiranje weba|last=Grip|first=Håvard|date=27 May 2021|title=Surviving an In-Flight Anomaly: What Happened on Ingenuity’s Sixth Flight|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/305/surviving-an-in-flight-anomaly-what-happened-on-ingenuitys-sixth-flight/|access-date=27 May 2021|website=NASA's Mars Exploration Program}}</ref>
</div>
|<blockquote>140</blockquote>
|<blockquote>10</blockquote>
|<blockquote>215</blockquote>
|Okomito uzlijetanje, pomak prema jugozapadu za oko 150 m, pomak prema jugu, za oko 15 m, let do oko 50 m prema sjeveroistoku, slijetanje na to mjesto
|
* Započeta nova faza demonstracije rada 
*Prikupljanje stereo snimke u boji mjesta od interesa kako bi se demonstrirala vrijednost zračne perspektive za buduće misije
*Dostignuta najviša brzina terena od 4 m / s
*Prvi let u kojem je helikopter sletio na uzletište koje tijekom prethodne misije nije snimio iz zraka. Slijetanje na novo mjesto
*Prva anomalija u letu, koja je dovela do slijetanja rotorcrafta na 5 m od uzletišta C.
|'''Uspjeh'''
(sa anomalijom)<ref name="flight6" />
|-
|<blockquote>7</blockquote>
|8. lipnja 2021.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|last=NASA/JPL|title=Ingenuity Flight 7 Preview|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/306/ingenuity-flight-7-preview/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=mars.nasa.gov|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|last=mars.nasa.gov|title=Images from the Mars Perseverance Rover|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/|access-date=2021-06-08|website=mars.nasa.gov|language=en}}</ref>16:54
|<blockquote>62.8<ref>{{Citiranje weba|title=Another successful flight|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/nasajpl/status/1402408813156724737|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref></blockquote>
|<blockquote>3</blockquote>
|<blockquote>106</blockquote>
|Okomito polijetanje, mirovanje lebdenja, slijetanje
|
*Prikupljanje stereo snimke u boji mjesta od interesa kako bi se demonstrirala vrijednost zračne perspektive za buduće misije
*Dostignuta najviša brzinu terena od 4 m / s
*Drugi let u kojem je helikopter sletio na uzletište koje tijekom prethodne misije nije snimio iz zraka
|'''Uspjeh'''
|-
|<blockquote>Ostali letovi</blockquote>
|Svaka 2-3 tjedna do kraja kolovoza<ref>{{Citiranje weba|last=mars.nasa.gov|title=NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter to Begin New Demonstration Phase|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8936/nasas-ingenuity-helicopter-to-begin-new-demonstration-phase|access-date=2021-05-03|website=NASA’s Mars Exploration Program|language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}


<small>TBD: Biti će određeno</small>

== Počast braći Wright ==
Zvaničnici NASA-e i JPL-a opisali su prvi let ''Ingenuity''-a kao svoj "trenutak braće Wright", analogno prvom uspješnom letu aviona na Zemlji. ''Ingenuity'' nosi komad tkanine s krila [[Wright Flyer|Wright Flyera]] iz [[1903.]] ispod kabla solarnog panela.<ref name=":0" /> Početna "uzletna staza" ''Ingenuity''-a nazvana je ''Wright Brothers Field'' ([[Hrvatski jezik|hrv.]] Polje braće Wright) i dobila je prigodni [[Organizacija međunarodnog civilnog zrakoplovstva|ICAO kod]] zračne luke JZRO za [[Jezero (krater)|krater Jezero]],<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8923/nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-succeeds-in-historic-first-flight/|title=NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Succeeds in Historic First Flight|date=2021-04-19|website=Mars Exploration Program|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2021-04-19}}</ref> dok je sam dobio ICAO-ov označitelj tipa IGY i pozivni znak INGENUITY.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56799755|title=NASA successfully flies small helicopter on Mars|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|date=April 19, 2021|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

{{multiple image|header=|align=center|direction=horizontal|width=|image1=Wright First Flight 1903Dec17 (full restore 115).jpg|caption1=Prvi let ''Wright Flyer''-a. Prvi motorni, kontrolirani, neprekidni let aviona u povijesti. <br> (17. prosinca 1903.)|width1=250|image2=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif|caption2=Prvi let ''Ingenuity''-a. Prvi let s motorom na drugom planetu u povijesti. <br> (19. travnja 2021.)|width2=300|footer=}}

== Galerija ==

=== Zvuk ===
[[Datoteka:Sounds-of-Mars_-Helicopter_Flying_on_Mars.ogg|lijevo|mini|Snimljeni zvuk helikoptera ''Ingenuity'' tijekom četvrtog leta.]]




=== Videozapisi ===
{{multiple image|header=Prvi let helikoptera Ingenuity (19. travnja 2021.)|align=center|direction=horizontal|width=|image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|caption1=<div align="center">[[:Datoteka:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|Snimak (00:57)]]</div>|width1=310|image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|caption2=<div align="center">[[:Datoteka:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|Animacija (01:19)]]</div>|width2=295|image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|caption3=<div align="center">[[:Datoteka:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Prašina viđena tijekom prvog leta s mjeračem vremena (poboljšani video; 00:46)]]</div>|width3=311|footer=}}

{{multiple image|header=Drugi let helikoptera Ingenuity (22. travnja 2021.)|align=center|direction=horizontal|width=|image1=Ingenuity mid-air during second flight (above 5m).webm|caption1=<div align="center">[[:Datoteka:Ingenuity mid-air during second flight (above 5m).webm|Ingenuity leti u zraku tijekom drugog leta. (00:21)]]</div>|width1=300|footer=}}

{{multiple image|header=Treći let helikoptera Ingenuity (25. travnja 2021.)|align=center|direction=horizontal|width=|image1=Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|caption1=<div align="center">[[:Datoteka:Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Ingenuity leti 50 metara naprijed od polijetanja i natrag tijekom trećeg leta. (00:49)]]</div>|width1=300|footer=}}

{{multiple image|header=Četvrti let helikoptera Ingenuity (30. travnja 2021.)|align=center|direction=horizontal|width=|image1=Ingenuity's fourth flight - panoramic capture from both cameras on Sol 69.webm|caption1=<div align="center">[[:Datoteka:Ingenuity's fourth flight - panoramic capture from both cameras on Sol 69.webm|Panoramsko snimanje četvrtog leta ''Ingenuity''-a.(01:02)]]</div>|width1=300|footer=|image2=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|caption2=<div align="center">[[:Datoteka:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Video + zvuk (02:44)]]</div>|width2=300}}

=== Testovi za let ===
{{multiple image|header=Mjesta za testiranje leta|align=center|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|total_width=1100|image1=PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg|caption1=Zona leta i mjesta rovera na polju braće Wright|image2=PIA24494-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneMap-20210323.jpg|caption2=Karta polja braće Wright|image3=PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg|caption3=Polje braće Wright sa rovera|image4=PIA24496-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneActivities-20210323.jpg|caption4=Aktivnosti na polju braće Wright|image5=Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity Helicopter Flight Zone.jpg|caption5=''Perseverance'' i zona leta helikoptera ''Ingenuity'' nakon što je rover stigao do Van Zyl Previda (sada nazvano polje braće Wright)|image6=HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg|caption6=Drugi heliodrom|image7=Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Traverse Path And Ingenuity Helicopter Flight Path.jpg|caption7=Put leta ''Ingenuity''-a i put ''Perseverance''-a do 91. sola koji pokazuje važna mjesta}}

=== Letovi na Marsu ===
{{multiple image|header=Prvi let|align=center|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|total_width=800|image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif|caption1=Prvi let helikoptera Ingenuity snimljen od MastCam-Z na  Perseverance Roveru|image2=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png|caption2=Helikopter ''Ingenuity'' siguran nakon 1. leta|image3=Ingenuity captured by NavCams while it was hovering for 30 seconds in 1st flight.gif |caption3=''Ingenuity'' koju je NavCams uhvatila tijekom 30 sekundi prvog leta |width3=200 |image4=Ingenuity pre and post position after 1st flight captured by NavCams.gif |caption4=''Ingenuity'' prije i nakon prvog leta snimljenog NavCams-om}}
{{multiple image|header=Drugi let|align=center|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|image1=Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png|caption1=Drugi let ''Ingenuitya'' snimljen kamerom Mastcam-Z|width1=200}}
{{multiple image|header=Treći let|align=center|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|image1=1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png |caption1=''Ingenuity''-ev treći let kako ga vidi ''Perseverance'' |width1=160 |image2=Perseverance's NavCams Views Ingenuity During its Third Flight.jpg|caption2=''Ingenuity'' nakon trećeg leta |width2=168|footer=}}
{{multiple image|header=Četvrti let|align=center|caption_align=center|direction=horizontal|width=|image1=PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png|caption1=Kamere Perseverance-a vide četvrti let ''Ingenuity''-a|image2=Mars Perseverance ZL0 0069 0673066054 500ECV N0032208ZCAM05053 026050J-web1.jpg|caption2=Mastcam-Z snimio je četvrti let ''Ingenuity''-a|footer=|width1=150|width2=200}}{{Multiple image|align=center|direction=horizontal|width=|header=Peti let|image1=Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg|caption1=Ingenuity-ev peti let|image2=Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg|caption2=Ingenuity-ev uspješan let do uzletišta B.|width1=150|width2=200|image3=PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif|caption3=Ingenuity-evo slijetanje na polje B (7. svibnja 2021.)|width3=220}}{{Multiple image|header=Šesti let|direction=horizontal|align=center|image1=Ingenuity after 6th flight.png|caption1=Ingenuity dan nakon šestog leta|width=150}}{{multiple image|header= |align=center |caption_align=center |direction=horizontal |width=200|image1=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption1=Graf visinomjera Ingenuitya sa prvog leta. |width1=316 |image2=Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg |caption2=Odobrenje zrakoplova ''Ingenuity'' za let na Marsu. |width2=323 |image3=PIA24591-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstLogbookEntry-HåvardGrip-20210419.jpg |caption3=Glavni pilot Håvard Grip, unosi podatke leta o ''Ingenuity''-u u dnevnik |width3=150 |image4=PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg |caption4=Nominalni pilotov dnevnik za planete i mjesece |width4=150 |footer= |image5=Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif|width5=250|caption5=Podaci o drugom letu (22. travnja 2021.)|perrow=5}}

=== Slike od ''Ingenuity''-a ===
{{multiple image|header=Prije leta|width=|align=center|direction=horizontal|perrow=4|image1=Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg|caption1=Prva slika "Ingenuity-a", prva slika u boji nakon raspoređivanja 4. travnja 2021.{{efn|name=Legs|Noge „Ingenuity“-a s obje strane slike zajedno s kotačićima u gornjim uglovima}}|width1=250|footer=|image2=Ingenuity on sol 45.png|caption2=Slika na 45. solu|width2=250}}
{{multiple image|header=Prvi let (19.4.2021.)|width=|align=center|direction=horizontal|perrow=4|image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg|caption1=Prva crno-bijela slika iz zraka pri prvom letu koja pokazuje helikopterovu sjenu|width1=250|image2=Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg|caption2 = Slika snimljena trenutak prije slijetanja. U gornjem dijelu slike se vide dijelovi zrakomlatovih nogu.| width2 = 250|footer=}}
{{multiple image|header=Drugi let (22.4.2021.)|width=|align=center|direction=horizontal|perrow=4|image1=PIA24592 In-Flight Image From Ingenuity's Second Flight.jpg|caption1=Slika iz zraka tijekom drugog leta helikoptera ''Ingenuity''|width1=250|image2=1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg|caption2=Prva zračna slika Marsa u boji iz ''Ingenuity''-a|width2=250|image3=Second Color Image Taken by Ingenuity.jpg|caption3=Druga slika u boji koju je snimio ''Ingenuity'' tijekom svog drugog leta s visine od oko 5,2 m|width3=250|image4=The Third Color Image Taken by Ingenuity.jpg|caption4=Treća slika u boji koju je helikopter Ingenuity snimio u svom drugom letu s visine od oko 5,2 m|width4=250|footer=}}
{{multiple image|header=Treći let (25.4.2021.)|width=|align=center|direction=horizontal|perrow=4|image1=Black and White Image From Ingenuity's Third Flight.jpg|caption1=Crno-bijela fotografija tijekom trećeg leta|width1=250|image2=Ingenuity's Third Flight photo in color with Perseverance rover visible.png|caption2=Zračna slika trećeg leta u boji. U gornjem lijevom kutu vidi se rover ''Perseverance''.|width2=255|image3=Zoomed in, Perseverance rover from Ingenuity during it's third flight.png|caption3=Uvećana slika rovera ''Perseverance'' iz ''Ingenuity''-a. To je prva zračna fotografija marsovskog rovera.{{efn|name=Rover|Ova slika je uvećana na gornji lijevi kut za razliku od izvorne zračne slike tokom trećeg leta.}}|width3=265|image4=PIA24644-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdTestFlight-Animated-20210425.gif|caption4=Sjena helikoptera ''Ingenuity'' tijekom trećeg probnog leta (25. travnja 2021.)|width4=190|footer=}}{{Multiple image|header=Četvrti let (30.4.2021.)|align=center|caption1=''Ingenuity'' pomjera svoja rotorna krila tijekom četvrtog leta.|image1=Black-and-White View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight.gif|image2=Ingenuity's Color Camera Spies Helicopter's New Airfield.png|width1=140|width2=250|direction=horizontal|caption2=''Ingenuity''-eva kamera u boji špijunira uzletište B.}}{{Multiple image|header=Peti let (7.5.2021.)|align=center|direction=horizontal|image1=PIA24650-MarsIngenuityHelicopterView-FifthFlight-20210507.jpg|caption1=Slika iz petog leta|width1=250}}
{{Multiple image|header=Šesti let (22.5.2021.)|align=center|direction=horizontal|image1=Ingenuity During Anomaly Survivor Sixth flight.png|caption1=''Ingenuity'' tijekom anomalije u šestom letu|image2=Ingenuity sixth flight picture.png|caption2=Marsov reljef snimljen iz Ingenuity-a|width1=250|width2=250|image3=Ingenuity flight six navcam imagery showing last 29 seconds in flight along with navigation anomaly.gif|width3=245|caption3=Posljednjih 29 sekundi leta snimljeno zajedno sa anomalijom}}{{Multiple image|header=Sedmi let (8.6.2021.)|align=center|direction=horizontal|image1=Mars Perseverance HNM 0107 0676439548 800ECM N0070001HELI02346 0000A0J.png|width1=250|caption1=Slijetanje}}

=== Slijed raspoređivanja ===
{{multiple image|header=Razmještanje helikoptera ''Ingenuity'': ispod rovera ''Perseverance'' i tijekom ispitnih operacija prije leta|image4=Ingenuity on Sol 48.png|caption6=Helikopter ''Ingenuity'' neposredno nakon što su njegove oštrice dovršile brzinski ispit ili 2400 okretaja u minuti na 55. solu{{efn|name=Difference|Razlika između slike na testu brzog okretanja i one na Sol 48, odnosno slika na Sol 48 ima gornju oštricu u dijagonalnom položaju, dok brza brzina okretanja ima donju oštricu u dijagonalnom položaju}}|image6=Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png|width5=156|caption5=''Ingenuity'' daje svojim oštricama test laganog okretanja ili 50 okretaja u minuti na sol 48|image5=Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif|width4=195|caption4=''Ingenuity'' tijekom 48. sola {{efn|name=Difference|Razlika između slike na testu brzog okretanja i one na Sol 48, odnosno slika na Sol 48 ima gornju oštricu u dijagonalnom položaju, dok brza brzina okretanja ima donju oštricu u dijagonalnom položaju.}}|width3=155|align=center|caption3=Lopatice rotora helikoptera otkočene za letenje|image3=Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif|width1=118|caption1=Uspješno raspoređivanje na Marsu|image1=Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png|caption_align=center|total_width=|direction=horizontal|width6=153|image7=Ingenuity Helicopter Base Station on Perseverance Rover.jpg|caption7=Bazna stanica ''Ingenuity''-a na roveru|width7=65}}{{multiple image|header=|align=center|dirsctipon=horizontal|width=|image1=Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg|caption1=Ingenuity u štitu ispod rovera|width1=160|image2=Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg|caption2=Štit uklonjen|width2=155|image4=Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png|caption4=Započeto raspoređivanje|width4=80|image6=Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png|caption6=Noge raspoređene|width6=156}}

=== Panorama ===
[[Datoteka:PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg|središte|mini|1006x1006px|<div align="center">Helikopter ''Ingenuity'' gleda na rover ''[[Perseverance]]'' (lijevo) oko 85 m udaljen. (25. travnja 2021)</div>]]

=== Autoportret ===
{{multiple image|align=center|caption_align=center|total_width=300|header=Autoportret|image1=Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=Mjesto raspoređivanja, ''Polje braće Wright'' <br />(7. travnja 2021.)}}

=== Ostavština ===
{{multiple image|||align=center|caption_align=center|total_width=|image9=Mars Helicopter INGENUITIY Modell im Maßstab 1 zu 1 im Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg.jpg|caption9=Marsov helikopter ''Ingenuity'' u Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg (Muzej helikoptera u Bückeburgu)|width1=300}}

== Bilješke ==
{{notelist}}<references group="lower-alpha" />
== Vidi još ==

* [[Dragonfly (svemirska letjelica)|Dragonfly]] - Prvi zrakoplov planiran na površini mjeseca [[Titan (mjesec)|Titana]]. Planirano lansiranje 2027.
* [[Program Vega]] - Sovjetski program u kome je izvršen prvi let [[Vega 1|balona]] na [[Venera|drugom planetu]].
* [[Marsova atmosfera]]
* [[Zrakoplovstvo na Marsu]] - Istraživanje Marsove atmosfere koristeći se zrakoplovima.

== Izvori ==
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{{izvori|2}}
</div><br>

[[Kategorija:Istraživanje Marsa]]
[[Kategorija:NASA]]
[[Kategorija:Helikopteri]]