Vidi kôd stranice Palatin (brežuljak)

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{{ infobox
| image    = [[File:Rmn-social-header-1-.svg|268px]]
| data1    = This article covers a subject of 
| header2  = '''[[Portal:Ancient Rome|Ancient Rome]]'''
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{{Infobox Hill of Rome
| name            =Palatine Hill
| Latin name      =Palatium
| Italian name    =Colle Palatino
| rione           =[[Campitelli]]
| buildings       =[[Flavian Palace]]
| churches        =
| palazzi         =
| people          =[[Cicero]], [[Augustus]], [[Tiberius]], [[Domitian]]
| events          =Finding of Romulus and Remus
| religion        =[[Temple of Apollo Palatinus]], [[Temple of Cybele (Palatine)|Temple of Cybele]], [[Lupercalia]], [[Secular Games]]
| mythology       =[[Romulus and Remus]], [[Faustulus]]
| sculptures      =
|}}
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[[Image:Seven Hills of Rome.svg|thumb|right|Shematska mapa Rima koja pokazuje 7 brežuljaka i [[Aurelijeve zidine]]]]
[[Image:Palatine Hill.jpg|thumb|Kavezi za ptice iz 17. stoljeća, koje je izgradio Rainaldi za [[Farnese]]a: nekad su bili okruženi i žičanim kavezima.]]
'''Palatin''' ([[latinski jezik|latinski]]: ''Collis Palatium ili Mons Palatinus'') je središnji od [[sedam rimskih brežuljaka]] i jedan od najstarijih dijelova grada [[Rim]]a. Uzdiže se oko 40 metara <ref>Palatine Hill. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica.  Retrieved August 25, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058062]</ref> iznad [[Forum Romanum|Foruma Romanuma]]. S druge strane mu je [[Circus Maximus]].

Palatin je [[etimologija|etimološki]] korijen riječi [[palača]], u većini jezika (talijanski "Palazzo", francuski "Palais" itd).

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==Mythology==
According to [[Roman mythology]], the Palatine Hill was the location of the cave, known as the Lupercal, where [[Romulus and Remus]] were found by the she-wolf that kept them alive. According to [[Founding of Rome|this legend]], the shepherd [[Faustulus]] found the infants, and with his wife [[Acca Larentia]] raised the children. When they were older, the boys killed their great-uncle (who seized the throne from their father), and they both decided to build a new city of their own on the banks of the River Tiber. Suddenly, they had a violent argument with each other and in the end Romulus killed his twin brother Remus. This is how "Rome" got its name - from Romulus.  Another legend to occur on the Palatine is Hercules' defeat of Cacus after the monster had stolen some cattle.  Hercules struck Cacus with his characteristic club so hard that it formed a cleft on the southeast corner of the hill, where later a staircase bearing the name of Cacus was constructed. {{Fact|date=March 2008}}

==History==
Rome has its origins on the Palatine. Indeed, recent excavations show that people have lived there since approximately 1000 BC.

According to [[Livy]], after the immigration of the [[Sabines]] and the [[Alba Longa|Albans]] to Rome, the original Romans lived on the Palatine <ref>[[Livy]], ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'', 1:33</ref>.

Many affluent Romans of the [[Roman Republic|Republican period]] ([[510 BC]] &ndash; c. [[44 BC]]) had their residences there. During the [[Roman Empire|Empire]] ([[27 BC]] &ndash; [[476 AD]]) several emperors resided there; in fact, the ruins of the palaces of [[Augustus]] ([[63 BC]] &ndash; 14), [[Tiberius]] ([[42 BC]] &ndash; 37) and [[Domitian]] (51 &ndash; 96) can still be seen.  Augustus also built a [[Temple of Apollo Palatinus|temple to Apollo]] here, beside his own [[House of Augustus|palace]].

The Palatine Hill was also the site of the festival of the [[Lupercalia]].

==Location==
One building, believed to be the residence of [[Livia]] ([[58 BC]] &ndash; 29), the wife of Augustus, is currently undergoing renovation. Situated near to the house of Livia is the [[temple of Cybele (Palatine)|temple of Cybele]], currently not fully excavated and not open to the public. Behind this structure, cut into the side of the hill, is the so-called [[House of Tiberius]].

Overlooking the [[Forum Romanum]] is the [[Flavian Palace]] which was built largely during the reign of the [[Flavian dynasty]] (69 &ndash; 96) &ndash; [[Vespasian]], [[Titus]] and [[Domitian]]. This palace, which was extended and modified by several emperors, extends across the Palatine Hill and looks out over the Circus Maximus. The building of the greater part the palace visible from the Circus was undertaken in the reign of the emperor [[Septimius Severus]] (146 &ndash; 211).

Immediately adjacent to the palace of Severus is the Hippodrome of Domitian. This is a structure which has the appearance of a Roman [[Circus (building)|Circus]] and whose name means Circus in Greek, but is too small to accommodate [[chariot racing#Roman chariot racing|chariots]]. It can be better described as a Greek Stadium, that is, a venue for foot races.  However, its exact purpose is disputed.  While it is certain that during the Severan period it was used for sporting events, it was most likely originally built as a garden shaped like a stadium.  According to a guide from the ''Sopraintendenza Archeologica di Roma'', most of the statuary in the nearby Palatine museum comes from the Hippodrome.  (Domitian also built a larger stadium that was actually used for foot-racing competitions; it exists today as [[Piazza Navona]], ''lo stadio di Domiziano''.)

The Palatine Hill, and the Roman Forum beneath it, is now a large open-air museum and can be visited on the same ticket as the [[Colosseum]]. The entrance is on Via di San Gregorio, the street just beyond the [[Arch of Constantine]], going away from the Colosseum.

===Excavations===
During Augustus' reign, an area of the Palatine Hill was roped off for a sort of [[archaeology|archaeological]] expedition, which found fragments of [[Bronze Age]] pots and tools. He declared this site the "original town of Rome." Modern archaeology has identified evidence of Bronze Age settlement in the area which predates Rome's founding. There is a museum on the Palatine in which artifacts dating from before the official foundation of the City are displayed. The museum also contains Roman statuary.

An [[Si deus si dea#Altar to the Unknown Divinity|altar to an unknown deity]], once thought to be [[Aius Locutius]], was discovered here in 1820.

In July 2006, [[archaeologist]]s announced the discovery of the '''Palatine House''', which they believe to be the birthplace of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]'s first Emperor, [[Augustus]].<ref>For a classical account of the birth (and birthplace) of Augustus, refer to: [[Suetonius]], ''[[Lives of the Twelve Caesars#Life of Augustus|Life of Augustus]]'', 5.</ref> Head archaeologist [[Clementina Panella]] uncovered a section of corridor and other fragments under Rome's Palatine Hill, which she described on July 20 as "a very ancient aristocratic house." The two story house appears to have been built around an [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]], with frescoed walls and mosaic flooring, and is situated on the slope of the Palatine that overlooks the [[Colosseum]] and the [[Arch of Constantine]]. The Republican-era houses on the Palatine were overbuilt by later palaces after the [[Great Fire of Rome]] (64), but apparently this one was not; the tempting early inference is that it was preserved for a specific and important reason. On the ground floor, three shops opened onto the [[Via Sacra]].

The location of the ''domus'' is important because of its potential proximity to the ''[[Curiae Veteres]]'', the earliest shrine of the ''[[curies]]'' of Rome.<ref> [[Varro]] ''Linguae Latinae'' 5.155; [[Festus]] L 174; [[Tacitus]] ''Annales'' 12.24 </ref>
[[Image:Lupercal grotto.jpg|thumb|270px|right|The photo released of the recently excavated cave beneath the ''Domus Livia'' on the Palatine Hill, believed to be the [[Lupercal]]. The photo was taken with a remote sensing device.]]

In January 2007 Italian archeologist Irene Iacopi announced that she had probably found the legendary [[Lupercal]] cave beneath the remains of [[House of Augustus|Augustus' residence]], the ''Domus Livia'' (House of [[Livia]]) on the Palatine. Archaeologists came across the 16-metre-deep cavity while working to restore the decaying palace. The first photos of the cave show a richly decorated vault encrusted with mosaics and seashells. The Lupercal was probably converted to a sanctuary by Romans in later centuries. <ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/01/070126-rome-palatine.html Sacred Cave of Rome's Founders Found, Scientists Say]</ref>

On November 20, 2007 archaeologists unveiled photographs of the cave. Partially collapsed and decorated with seashells and colored marble, the vaulted sanctuary is buried 16 metres inside the Palatine hill. A white eagle was found atop the sanctuary's vault. Most of the sanctuary is collapsed or filled with earth, but laser scans allowed experts to estimate that the circular structure has a height of 8 metres and a diameter of 7.3 metres.
Adriano La Regina (former Rome’s archaeological superintendent 1976-2004, professor of Etruscology at Rome’s La Sapienza University)<ref>Aloisi, Silvia "Expert doubts Lupercale 'find'" ''The Australian'' November 24, 2007[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22813219-12377,00.html]</ref>, Prof. Fausto Zevi (professor of Roman Archaeology at Rome's La Sapienza University)<ref> "È uno splendido ninfeo, ma il Lupercale non era lì" '''la Repubblica''' November 23, 2007 [http://roma.repubblica.it/dettaglio/%C3%88-uno-splendido-ninfeo-ma-il-Lupercale-non-era-li/1392770]</ref> and Prof. Henner von Hesberg (head of the German Archaeological Institute, Rome) <ref>Schulz, Matthia "Is Italy's Spectacular Find Authentic?"''Spiegel Online'' November 29, 2007 [http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,520440,00.html]</ref> denied the identification of the grotto with Lupercal on topographic and stylistic grounds. They concluded that the grotto is actually a ''[[nymphaeum]]'' or underground ''[[triclinium]]'' from Neronian times.

==Etymology==
According to [[Livy]]<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0026&layout=&loc=1.5 Livy 1.5.1].</ref> ([[59 BC]] &ndash; AD 17) the Palatine hill got its name from the [[Arcadia]]n settlement of [[Pallantium]]. More likely, it is derived from the noun ''palātum'' "palate"; [[Ennius]] uses it once for the "heaven", and it may be connected with the [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]] word for sky, ''falad''.<ref>Ernout and Meillet, ''Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine'', s.v. ''palātum''.</ref>

The term [[palace]] itself stems from ''Palatium''.

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== Reference ==
{{izvori}}

Tomei, Maria Antonietta.  "The Palatine."  Trans. Luisa Guarneri Hynd.  Milano: Electa (Ministero per i Beni e le Actività Culturali Sopraintendenza Archeologica di Roma), 1998.

== Vanjske poveznice ==
{{commons|Palatine hill}}
*[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Palatinus.html Samuel Ball Platner, ''A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome'':] Palatine Hill
*[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/Palatine/home.html The Palatine Hill: Two Millennia of Landscaping]
* {{Citiraj web | title=Aerial view of Palatine Hill | work=Google Maps | url=http://maps.google.com/maps?q=rome,+italy&ll=41.888948,12.486820&spn=0.005023,0.008664&t=h&hl=en| accessdate=October 14 2005 | dateformat=mdy}}

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{{Znamenitosti Rima}}
[[Kategorija:Sedam rimskih brežuljaka]]